Primary Prevention for Occupational Health: The Effects of Pollution Prevention (P2) Interventions on Worker Safety and Health in Massachusetts

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Primary Prevention for Occupational Health: The Effects of Pollution Prevention (P2) Interventions on Worker Safety and Health in Massachusetts"

Annis Porter
5 years ago
Views:

1 Primary Preventin fr Occupatinal Health: The Effects f Pllutin Preventin (P2) Interventins n Wrker Safety and Health in Massachusetts Karla Armenti, ScD NH Divisin f Public Health Services TURA 20 th Anniversary Sympsium Nvember 4, 2009

2 Objectives - Research Aims & Gals T evaluate first-hand the relatinship between P2 and ccupatinal health at 3 Massachusetts PWB facilities. T discver what effects P2 interventin prgrams have had n wrker safety and health at these three facilities. T determine if P2 interventins at the facility level actually prmte r frce real primary preventin. T identify what might drive r mtivate industry t embrace preventin as the key t integrating OHS and EHS. T utilize the knwledge gained frm wrking with the three PWB facilities t make future recmmendatins t integrate OHS and EHS at the plant level.

3 Methdlgy Case Studies: Three printed wire bard (PWB) manufacturers in Massachusetts. Retrspective / Cntemprary Tls: Qualitative/Semi-Quantitative OSHA Prgram Evaluatin Prfile (PEP) - General Occupatinal Safety and Health (OSH) Evaluatin The Pllutin Preventin Optins Analysis System (P2 OASys) Open-Ended Interview with key infrmants at each facility.

4 OSHA s PEP (Prgram Evaluatin Prfile) Management Leadership & Emplyee Participatin Survey & Hazard Analysis Accident & Recrd Analysis Hazard Preventin & Cntrl Emergency Preparedness & Respnse Safety & Health Training Scring (5) Outstanding Prgram (4) Superir Prgram (3) Prgram Implemented (2) Develpmental Prgram (1) N Prgram Implemented

5 P2 OASYS - - The Pllutin Preventin Optins Analysis System Acute Human Effects * (10) Chrnic Human Effects * (8) Physical Hazards * (5) Aquatic Hazards (5) Biaccumulatin (5) Atmspheric Hazard (4) Dispsal Hazard (4) Chemical Hazard * (13) Energy and Resurce (3) Prduct Hazard * (3) Expsure Ptential * (1) * Elements that directly measure wrker health.

6 Open-Ended Interview - Identificatin f pprtunities and barriers t integratin Key Elements Psitive effects f the P2/TUR interventins n wrker safety and health Barriers r limitatins f P2/TUR interventins t psitively impact wrker safety and health Additinal pprtunities fr imprving wrkplace safety and health when cnsidering P2 r TUR interventins Methds t achieve integratin f EHS and OHS EHS/OHS team Perfrmance measurements f an integrated apprach What wuld make an integrated EHS/OHS interventin successful?

7 Cmpany Prfiles Cmpany # 1 Internatinal PWB manufacturing firm Multi-layer circuit bards (9,000 panels per week) 200,000 sq.ft. Apprximately 550 emplyees Sales > $200 M annually Zned industrial area with huses apprximately 600 feet away EHS Manager and Risk/Safety Manager ISO Participated in tw EPA DfE prjects TUR Team mstly managers and engineers, with slicitatin fr wrker input Regular EHS and OHS audits In-huse Emergency Respnse Team Frmal apprval prcess fr new chemicals N frmal safety incentive prgram

8 P2/TUR Interventins Cmpany #1 Eliminated Fren 113 (1992) Replaced with aqueus cleaning unit Eliminated 1,1,1 trichlrethane degreaser (1991) Drpin replacement with terpene slvent Eliminated use f glycl ethers in O/L Resist Prcessing and O/L Develping (replaced with aqueus dry film develped with ptassium carbnate - resulted in reductin f 37,000 punds glycl ethers in ne year) Replaced Tin/Lead Etch Resist with Tin (1995) resulted t reductin f 33,000 punds f lead ver three year perid Maintenance, fine-tuning prcesses (Cntinuus Imprvement verall reductin in txics) Ttal punds f txic chemicals per layer adjusted panel decreased by 39.8% in 3 years (1993 t 1996)

9 Cmpany Prfiles Cmpany # 2 10 facilities in the U.S., Case - Prttype Shp military applicatins Lcated in industrial park with ther industries 1,500 multi-layer cres/day, shipping abut 250/day 3 shifts per day Planned ISO by 2002 EHS Manager and Safety Manager In-huse Emergency Respnse Team TUR Team managers (EHS & OHS), engineers, technicians, waste treatment peratrs, with slicitatin f wrker input Cmprehensive annual EHS audit with 38 indicatrs designed t prmte beynd cmpliance Mnthly safety audits Frmal Chemical Apprval Prcess fr new chemicals N frmal safety incentive prgram

10 P2/TUR Interventins Cmpany #2 Eliminated 1,1,1 trichlrethane Nitric Acid recycling and recvery fr slder strip line (tin-lead strip) reductin in chemistry usage, recvery f 95% free acid, reductin in waste treatment and dispsal csts Plasma Etchback replaced sulfuric acid system with plasma gas (O2, H2, CF4, and N2) Waste Treatment - 90% in exchange- reduces dependency n waste treatment chemicals Ammniacal etch (inner and uter layer) higher free ammnia etching - tighter equipment maintenance and cntrl resulted in reductin in ammnia use and eliminatin f anhydrus ammnia Maintenance, fine-tuning prcesses (Cntinuus Imprvement verall reductin in txics)

11 Cmpany Prfiles Cmpany # 3 One facility - 63,000 square feet Apprximately 130 emplyees (70% have been there fr ver 30 years) 3 shifts per day Sales > $12 M annually Single and Duble Sided, Multi-layered, Rigid Printed Circuit Bards Prttype t Prductin Vlumes EHS Manager des bth envirnmental and ccupatinal safety and health TUR Team includes managers, engineers, technicians and peratrs there is slicitatin fr wrker input

12 P2/TUR Interventins - Cmpany # 3 Eliminated 1,1,1 trichlrethane (1993) Ammniacal Etching - New machine reductin f 6,000 punds f ammnia (etch) in ne year Replaced Tin/Lead Etch Resist with Tin Wastewater / Recycling Prduct Change New chemistry uses ply ferrisulfate (nt reprtable) instead f ferrus sulfate at 1/16 th the amunt Maintenance, fine-tuning prcesses (Cntinuus Imprvement verall reductin in txics) Dry Film Develpment - Chemical Substitutin (went t feed and bleed system) - replaced sdium carbnate with ptassium carbnate

13 OSHA PEP Scres Cmpany # 1 Managers All 4 scred: superir prgram Cmpany # 1 Wrkers 3 scred : superir 1 scred : prgram implemented Cmpany # 2 Managers 3 scred : superir 2 scred : prgram implemented Cmpany # 2 Wrkers 2 scred : superir 3 scred : prgram implemented 1 scred : develpmental prgram Cmpany # 3 Managers 1 scred : superir 3 scred : prgram implemented Cmpany # 3 Wrkers 3 scred : prgram implemented

14 P2 OASys Results with PEP Scres Cmpany 1 PEP Ave Glycl Ether 52 Ptassium Carbnate 38 Cmpany 2 PEP Ave 3.4 Sulfuric- Permang 86 Plasma Desmear 33 Cmpany 3 PEP Ave Ferrus Sulfate 61 Plyferric Sulfate 30 Difference 14 1,1,1 Trichlr 63 Terpene 48 Difference 53 Old slderstrip system 40 New slderstrip System 14 Difference 31 Sdium Carbnate 50 Ptassium Carbnate 28 Difference 15 Difference 26 Difference 22

15 Open-Ended Interviews - Key Statements Cmpany #1 Psitives: TUR (reductin r eliminatin f chemicals) leads t less expsure t emplyees. TUR ptins must include aspects f wrker safety & health; shuld be check system fr all chemical, prcess r equipment changes in plant t evaluate bth EHS and OHS risks; shuld include all emplyees invlved in the change. Integrated apprach can be measured by txic chemical use, IH mnitring, injury/illness reprts, and emplyee feedback. Successful integrated apprach must include cnsistent participatin f all emplyees, frm prcess engineers t peratrs n the flr. Must be tp management supprt.

16 Open-Ended Interviews - Key Statements Cmpany #2 Cnsider EHS and OHS t be equally imprtant, therefre d nt assciate psitive r negative impacts f ne ver the ther. Csts assciated with each P2/TUR ptin (bth EHS and OHS) is imprtant, where anticipatin f ptential prblems must be cnsidered (envirnmental and ccupatinal health impacts). Successful integrated apprach must incrprate a system where the P2/TUR ptin is evaluated by all emplyees affected by the change, including prject managers, prcess and prduct engineers, department supervisrs, peratrs, quality cntrl, purchasing, the cntrller, the business unit manager (GM), and even suppliers f the equipment. Need t be aggressive with SOP s that spell ut internal requirements fr evaluating P2/TUR ptins.

17 Open-Ended Interviews - Key Statements Cmpany #3 Sme TUR ptins actually lead t increased risk t the emplyees and shuld nt be cnsidered. Generally TUR psitively impacts wrker safety and health, but cst is always a large part f the decisin. An integrated apprach can be measured by tracking txics reductins, but mre imprtantly, by talking t the peratrs and getting feedback n hw the prcess is wrking. Successful integrated apprach must be preventive in that bth EHS and OHS risks are cnsidered up frnt, and all stakehlders are invlved in the prcess (bth management and emplyees). Integrated apprach must include EHS and OHS equally, i.e. nt driven by ne ver the ther. Must be preventive, nt just reactive. TURA alne is nt enugh. It is driven by the pllutant and nly at large amunts. Cmpanies must act in gd faith t reduce bth EHS and OHS risks but dn t get credit fr ding the cntinuus imprvements. Needs t address small business needs with being able t g beynd cmpliance in bth EHS and OHS areas.

18 Results: P2/TUR and OHS at the Crprate Level P2/TUR interventins nt driven by OHS needs. P2/TUR des have psitive impact n OHS but difficult t measure. Missed pprtunities t jintly affect EHS and OHS. Cnscius integratin f EHS and OHS due t fresight and preventive apprach and philsphy f the cmpany (and its management).

19 Benefits in Occupatinal Health f Integrating bth Disciplines Allws fr full participatin by all members/representatives f the facility. Prvides an integrated apprach t identificatin f specific interventins t decrease r eliminate ptential harm t wrkers and the envirnment. Prvides pprtunity t practice primary preventin - avid reliance n end-f-pipe slutins. Prevents risk shifting t wrkers by evaluating mre than ne media at a time.

State Health Improvement Plan Choosing Priorities, Creating a Plan. DHHS DPH - SHIP Priorities (Sept2016) 1

State Health Improvement Plan Choosing Priorities, Creating a Plan. DHHS DPH - SHIP Priorities (Sept2016) 1 State Health Imprvement Plan 2017-2021 Chsing Pririties, Creating a Plan DHHS DPH - SHIP Pririties (Sept2016) 1 Creating a Plan: 2017-2021 SHIP Welcme! Wh s here? What is the State Health Imprvement Plan