Unit 5. States of Consciousness

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1 Unit 5. States of Consciousness College Board - Acorn Book Course Description 2-4%

2 And then suddenly, I saw this bright light at the end of the tunnel.

3 Summary Outline A. Sleep and Dreaming B. Hypnosis C. Psychoactive Drug Effects

4 A. Sleep and Dreaming All animals need to sleep

5 A. EEG and sleep

6 EEG Recordings Frequency How fast ups and downs occur Amplitude Distance between a peak and a trough

7 Stages of Sleep

9 Characteristics of EEG sleep Stage stages Frequency (cycles / second) Amplitude Wave Form Stage I Theta Waves Stage II Spindle Waves Stage II Slow waves plus splindles Stage IV Delta Waves

10 Need for Sleep Preservation and Protection Theory Sleep Preserves energy Stay out of harm s way during dangerous or unproductive parts of the day

11 Restorative Theory of Sleep Body needs to recovery from the day Muscles and brain relax during sleep as if resting up Sleep Deprivation Complete sleep deprivation prevents healing in rats, then kills them Circadian Rhythms Daily cycle of energy and relaxtion

12 Functions of Sleep Lowering metabolic rate conserves energy Reduces the risk of thermal disequilibrium during the coldest part of the day New learning processes are inactivated which allows us to: Reorganize and more efficiently store the information already in the brain

13 Functions of sleep Homeostasis (constancy) Need for Alertness Fluctuates despite our best efforts Occasionally fails completely Sleep helps to restore Heteroplasticity (capacity to change in response to changing circumstances) Information processing

14 Replenishment of Neurotransmitters During REM sleep Most neurons decrease activity slightly in sleep A small minority of neurons cease firing altogether Aminergic Neurons Norepinephrineand Serotoninreleasing neurons Located in the locus coeruleus and raphe nuclei Ach has a concurrent increase during REM sleep

15 Neuronal Replenishment theory suggest that: Norepinephrine and serotonin are involved in alertness The producing neurons are inactive during REM sleep The brain produces these transmitters during sleep Which explains the refreshed feelings when we awake

16 Dreaming Dreams: Content, Lucid Dreaming Meaning of Dreams Wish fulfillment (Freud) Activation-synthesis (Hobson & McCarley) Information Processing, Problem-Solving Daydreams and Fantasies

17 Sleep Disorders Insomnia Narcolepsy Sleep apnea Somnambulism

18 Sleep and Dreaming Activities Neuroscience for Kids Activity 1: Keep a "SLOG" (Sleep Log) Dream Journal Worksheet Sleep Journal Worksheet Activity 2: Be an REM Detective Activity 3: Drop off or Drift off? Activity 4: Sleep Latency

19 B. Hypnosis Hypnotic susceptibility Age regression Posthypnotic suggestion Posthypnotic amnesia Meditation

20 Theories of Hypnosis: Deep relaxation Role playing State theory Dissociation theory

21 C. Psychoactive Drug Effects Agonists (Mimic) Antagonists (Block)

22 Abuse Drug Use / Drug Abuse / Dependence Psychological dependence Physical dependence Addiction Tolerance Withdrawal

23 Indicators of severity Age Early initiation of drug use is a predictor Solitary Drug Use Solitary use is more indicative than social use Means of Acquiring Drugs Purchasing from Strangers Users often say they share What was given in return?

24 Motivation for Drug Use Reduce stress / Build self-esteem Rebelliousness Peer pressure / Desire to be sociable Use of Multiple Drugs Behavior While Under the Influence of Drugs Associated with traffic violations, pranks, shoplifting, fights

25 Class Opiates / Narcotics Depressants Stimulants Psychedelics Heroin Morphine Codeine Opiods Alcohol Sedatives Barbiturates Tranquilizer Caffeine Amphetamines Cocaine Nicotine LSD Mescaline Marijuana Hashish Phencyclidine Effects

CONSCIOUSNESS IS DEFINED AS THE AWARENESS OF OURSELVES AND OUR ENVIRONMENT.

CONSCIOUSNESS IS DEFINED AS THE AWARENESS OF OURSELVES AND OUR ENVIRONMENT. CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS are our bodies biological cycles that occur every 24 hours. Sleep, blood pressure, body temperature are just