1. At the venous end of a capillary, is the dominant force determining water movement. a. Pcap b. cap c. PIF d. IF e. [Na+]

Transcription

1 P531: Exam 1 Sample Question Set #3 The first 9 questions are the relevant questions from the beginning of lecture each day. The remaining 16 questions cover material from the last week of lectures. 1. At the venous end of a capillary, is the dominant force determining water movement. a. Pcap b. cap c. PIF d. IF e. [Na+] 2. The sum of the electrochemical balances at baseline permeability for all ions is called a. an equilibrium potential. b. the electrical driving force. c. a graded potential. d. resting membrane potential. 3. The absolute refractory period just after the peak of an AP can be explained by the a. inactivation of voltage-gated Na + channels. b. slow closing of voltage-gated K + channels. c. lack of a strong enough stimulus to overcome it. d. membrane potential bias toward E K+. 4. Which of the following will directly determine if a postsynaptic neuron experiences an EPSP or an IPSP? a. the type of neurotransmitter b. stimulus intensity c. synapse type (chemical vs. electrical) d. the ion that diffuses (ex. Na +, K + ) 5. The initial probability of an EPSP being generated in a postsynaptic neuron by serotonin will be decreased by a. decreased presynaptic reuptake. b. a voltage-gated Ca 2+ channel blocker. c. an increase in serotonin receptors. d. decreased monoamine oxidase activity. 6. The initial probability of a muscle fiber contracting could potentially be increased by a. decreased reuptake of choline. b. a competitive ACh antagonist. c. decreased acetylcholinesterase activity. d. botulinum toxin injection.

2 7. The resting/ready state in a sarcomere is characterized by a. a high ICF [Ca 2+ ]. b. open binding sites on actin. c. energized myosin heads. d. actin-myosin cross-bridging. 8. An increase in will decrease the chance of initiating a smooth muscle contraction. a. MLCP activity b. # of calmodulin-mlck complexes c. MLCK inhibition d. ICF [Ca 2+ ] 9. TBA 10.In a smooth muscle, will lead to contraction in most circumstances. a. increased MLC phosphatase activity b. Ca 2+ binding to troponin c. ACh release from a neuron d. calmodulin activation 11. When considering the maintenance of homeostasis within the body, the autonomic nervous system serves a primarily role in the negative feedback process. a. sensory b. integrative, decision-making c. response output d. conscious 12. The parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system a. is always excitatory. b. is always inhibitory. c. is never excitatory. d. is never inhibitory. e. None of the above are correct. 13. The adrenal gland a. receives dual innervation from the autonomic system. b. secretions can bind to any adrenergic receptors on systemic targets. c. is the target of post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons. d. secretes primarily norepinephrine when activated.

3 14. The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system uses a. muscarinic receptors on the post-ganglionic target. b. norepinephrine as a post-ganglionic neurotransmitter. c. excitation as its result when activated. d. epinephrine to enhance blood flow to active skeletal muscles. 15. During a situation that activates the sympathetic nervous system, we would expect to see increased contraction of a. cardiac muscle. b. precapillary sphincters in active skeletal muscles. c. bronchial smooth muscle. d. skeletal muscle in the legs. 16. would be the most effective way to relieve the specific symptoms of asthma. a. A 1 -agonist b. A 2 -agonist c. An 1 -agonist d. An M 1 -agonist 17. If a drug acts as a non-specific agonist at cholinergic receptors, a. it will always lead to inhibition of the target. b. it will prevent the activation of those receptor by epinephrine. c. the receptors will respond as if bound by acetylcholine. d. it will lead to both sympathetic and parasympathetic output. 18. The component that directly changes the hypothalamic set point for core temperature is a. the endotoxin from a pathogen. b. an endogenous pyrogen. c. cyclooxygenase. d. prostaglandin. 19. As core temperature rises from exposure to a hot environment, a. heat loss mechanisms will dominate heat production mechanisms. b. sweating will continue until core temperature returns to normal. c. vasoconstriction of vessels in the skin will prevent additional heat gain. d. the only way to reduce core temperature will be to move to a cooler environment. 20. In an effort to reduce fevers corticosteroid medications a. decrease the bioavailability of arachidonic acid. b. inhibit cyclooxygenase. c. bind to and block endogenous pyrogens. d. increase prostaglandin activity.

4 21. A 30-y/o man has chronic sleep disturbance after extensive brain surgery. Studies show peak melatonin levels occur from 1-4 PM, and minimum melatonin levels are found at 2-3 AM. The surgery has disrupted the a. adrenal medulla b. brain reward areas c. hypothalamus d. substantia nigra e. suprachiasmatic nucleus 22. Recent evidence points to cyclical changes in temperature regulation as the defining factor in the circadian rhythm of body core temperature. Core temperature falls prior to the onset of sleep (at constant metabolic rate and under constant ambient conditions) because there is decreased a. sweating b. conduction of heat from core to skin c. skin blood flow d. Na + and Cl - reabsorption in sweat glands e. 1 stimulation of skin resistance vessels 23. For a person chronically using barbiturate drugs like pentobarbital, a typical sleep pattern is shown below: Such sleep is not refreshing because a. deepest sleep occurs early in the night b. more than one episode of REM is seen c. REM and SWS are limited d. too few hours in bed e. total sleep time is excessive 24. A 44-y/o man with a pituitary tumor has damage to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, resulting in a. a diurnal rhythm in body core temperature b. a chronic 3-5 hour "jet lag" c. disruption of the 24-h sleep-wake cycle d. homeostatic sleep drive decreasing at the same time each morning e. melatonin release in response to onset of darkness instead of in response to onset of daylight

5 25. Which of the sleep EEG patterns shown below represents the time during which experiences of the previous day are first moved from hippocampal short-term memory into an initial pattern representation in the cortex?