Index. sleep.theclinics.com. Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.

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1 Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Accidents, at work, effect of shift work disorder on, Acetylcholine, in circadian rhythms, Acrophase, definition of, 301 Actigraphy, as clinical tool for circadian disruption in psychiatric disorders, caveats in, 275 definition of, 301 Actogram, definition of, 301 in irregular sleep wake rhythm disorder, Advance-related sleep complaints, Advanced sleep phase disorder, definition, 310 definition of, 301 diagnosis and assessment, epidemiology, potential mechanisms, familial, treatments, behavioral, 225 chronotherapy, 225 hypnotics, 225 light and darkness exposure, 224 longitudinal care, 225 oral melatonin, phototherapy, stimulants, 225 Agomelatine, Alzheimer s disease, circadian rhythm and severity of, irregular sleep wake rhythm disorder in, 213 patterns of rest-activity cycles in, 280 Anatomy, of circadian system, , 166 integration of circadian regulation, suprachiasmatic nucleus, 129 Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, in chronotherapy for cardiovascular disorders, 147 Animal models, physiologic and health consequences of circadian disruption, anatomic organization, behavioral phase shift and reversal, 132 circadian regulation and energy metabolism, circadian synchronization, clock genes, Sleep Med Clin 4 (2009) doi: /s x(09) X/09/$ see front matter ª 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. effects of shift work desynchronization, 128 perspective and summary, 138 regulation of sleep-wake homeostasis, research approaches, Aspirin, in chronotherapy for cardiovascular disorders, 147 Asthma, circadian rhythm and severity of, chronotherapy for, day-night rhythm and, versus behavioral influences on pulmonary function and severity of, B Behavioral phase shift, in animal models of circadian desynchronization, 132 Behavioral strategies, for delayed sleep phase disorder, Behavioral treatment, for advanced sleep phase disorder, 225 Beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists, in chronotherapy for cardiovascular disorders, Bio-psycho-social-environmental model, of seasonal affective disorder, Biological clock, definition of, 301 Biological timekeeping. See Circadian rhythms. Bipolar manic-depressive illness, patterns of rest-activity cycles in, Blind patients, non-24 hour sleep-wake syndrome in, Borderline personality disorder, patterns of rest-activity cycles in, Bright-light therapy, morning, for delayed sleep phase disorder, to minimize or avoid jet lag, C Caffeine, as countermeasure for shift work sleep disorder, 265 Calcium channel blockers, in chronotherapy for cardiovascular disorders, 146 Cancer, circadian rhythm and severity of, 150 Cardiovascular disease, influence of circadian system on severity of, sleep.theclinics.com

2 306 Cardiovascular (continued) adverse cardiovascular events, arrhythmias, and blood pressure, chronotherapy for, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and cholesterol-lowering medication, 147 aspirin, 147 beta-adrenergic antagonists, calcium channel blockers, 146 melatonin and hypertension, 147 nitrates, 147 night shift work and, 152 versus behavioral influences on risk markers, Cholesterol-lowering drugs, in chronotherapy for cardiovascular disorders, 147 Chronobiology, definition of, 301 Chronotherapy, definition of, 301 for advanced sleep phase disorder, 225 for asthma, for cardiovascular disorders, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and cholesterol-lowering medication, 147 aspirin, 147 beta-adrenergic antagonists, calcium channel blockers, 146 melatonin and hypertension, 147 nitrates, 147 for delayed sleep phase disorder, 235 Circadian degrees, definition of, 301 Circadian period, definition of, 301 Circadian phase, definition of, 301 Circadian rhythm, animal models of physiologic and health consequences of disruption of, anatomic organization, behavioral phase shift and reversal, 132 circadian regulation and energy metabolism, circadian synchronization, clock genes, effects of shift work desynchronization, 128 perspective and summary, 138 regulation of sleep-wake homeostasis, research approaches, biological timekeeping, circadian clock, circadian resetting, genetics of, definition of, 302 effect of light on human circadian system, adaptation to prior light-dark exposure, entrainment by light, intensity-dependent response to light, neuroanatomy of mammalian circadian system, 166 phase-dependent response to light, response to intermittent bight light exposure, wavelength sensitivity, 170 glossary of terminology, influence on disease severity, Alzheimer s disease, asthma, cancer, 150 cardiovascular disease, effect of misalignment (night shift work) on health, epilepsy, gastroesophageal reflux disease, 151 melatonin and melatonin analogues role in, endogenous melatonin, exogenous melatonin, future directions, melatonin analogues, regulation of sleep and cognitive performance by, consolidation of cognitive performance, consolidation of sleep-wake cycles, sleep homeostasis and circadian rhythmicity, timing of sleep and waking activities, sleep disorders related to, advance-related sleep complaints and advanced sleep phase disorder, delayed sleep phase disorder, irregular sleep-wake rhythm, non-24-hour sleep-wake syndrome, psychiatric disorders and, shift work disorder, traveling without jet lag, winter depression, Circadian time, definition of, 302 Circannual, definition of, 302 Clock genes, circadian and homeostatic regulation of sleep and cognitive performance by, interindividual differences and role of,

3 307 definition of, 302 molecular basis of circadian rhythms, core circadian clock machinery, peripheral clocks and cell-autonomous oscillators, Clock, circadian, inputs, outputs, Clock-controlled genes, definition of, 302 Cognitive performance, circadian and homeostatic regulation of, consolidation of, D Dark therapy, for circadian rhythm sleep disorders in psychiatric illnesses, 281 Dawn, circadian clock regulation by, Day, biological, definition of, 301 Daytime, circadian clock regulation by, Delayed sleep phase disorder, clinical diagnosis and assessment, prevalence and etiology, therapies for, behavioral, chronotherapy, 235 lifestyle considerations, 233 melatonin, morning bright-light therapy, Dementia, patterns of rest-activity cycles in Alzheimer s disease, 280 Depression, winter, or seasonal affective disorder, historical perspectives, phase-shift hypothesis for, applied to other disorders, sleep disorders and circadian management, 290 Depression, major, patterns of rest-activity cycles in, 278 Desynchronization, behavioral phase shift in animal models of circadian, 132 Dim light melatonin offset, definition of, 302 Dim light melatonin onset, definition of, 302 in seasonal affective disorder, 286, 290, Diurnal rhythm, definition of, 302 Double plot, definition of, 302 Dusk, circadian clock regulation by, E Energy metabolism, circadian regulation and, Entrainment, definition of, 302 importance of, in circadian disruption associated with psychiatric illnesses, of human circadian system by light, Epilepsy, circadian rhythm and severity of, F Familial sleep disorders, advanced sleep phase disorder, Flying, sleep disorders and. See Jet lag. Forced desynchrony, definition of, 303 Free-running protocol, definition of, 303 Free-running type. See Non-24 hour sleep-wake syndrome. G Gastroesophageal reflux disease, circadian rhythm and severity of, 151 Gastrointestinal disorders, night shift work and, 154 Genetics, of circadian rhythms, Glossary, of circadian rhythm terminology, H Health consequences, of circadian disruption, animal models of, anatomic organization, behavioral phase shift and reversal, 132 circadian regulation and energy metabolism, circadian synchronization, clock genes, effects of shift work desynchronization, 128 perspective and summary, 138 regulation of sleep-wake homeostasis, research approaches, Homeostatic regulation, and circadian regulation of sleep and cognitive performance, consolidation of cognitive performance, consolidation of sleep-wake cycles,

4 308 Homeostatic (continued) of sleep and wakefulness, 257 Hypernychthemeral syndrome. See Non-24 hour sleep-wake syndrome. Hypertension, melatonin in chronotherapy for, 147 Hypnotics, for advanced sleep phase disorder, 225 I Infraradian, definition of, 303 Insomnia, in advanced sleep phase disorder, in delayed sleep phase disorder, Intensity-dependent response, of human circadian system to light, Intermittent bight light exposure, response of human circadian system to, Irregular sleep-wake rhythm disorder, clinical features and diagnosis, definition of, 303 epidemiology, 214 pathophysiology, 215 treatment, light, 215 melatonin, other approaches, 216 J Jet lag, definition of, 303 duration of, how to minimize or avoid, light and melatonin response curves, limited effect of drugs for, 252 symptoms, health, and safety consequences of, 241 when flying east, K Korsakoff s psychosis, patterns of rest-activity cycles in, 280 L Lifestyle considerations, in treatment of delayed sleep phase disorder, 233 Light, dim light melatonin onset in seasonal affective disorder, 286, 290, effect on human circadian physiology, adaptation to prior light-dark exposure, entrainment by light, intensity-dependent response to light, neuroanatomy of mammalian circadian system, 166 phase-dependent response to light, response to intermittent bight light exposure, wavelength sensitivity, 170 Light and darkness exposure, for advanced sleep phase disorder treatment, Light phase response curve, in jet lag, Light therapy, for circadian rhythm sleep disorders in psychiatric illnesses, 281 for irregular sleep wake rhythm disorder, 215 for non-24 hour sleep-wake syndrome, Longitudinal care, for advanced sleep phase disorder, 225 Lux, definition of, 303 M Manic-depressive illness, bipolar, patterns of rest-activity cycles in, Masking, definition of, 303 Medications, limited effects in treatment of jet lag, Melanopsin, definition of, 303 Melatonin, definition of, 303 dim light melatonin onset in seasonal affective disorder, 286, 290, for circadian rhythm sleep disorders in psychiatric illnesses, 281 for delayed sleep phase disorder, for irregular sleep wake rhythm disorder, for non-24 hour sleep-wake syndrome, in chronotherapy for hypertension, 147 oral, for advanced sleep phase disorder treatment, role in treatment of circadian rhythm sleep disorders, endogenous melatonin, exogenous melatonin, hypothermic and neurobehavioral effects, phase-shifting effects, sleep-promoting effects, future directions, melatonin analogues, angiomelatine, PD-6735, 187 ramelteon, tasimelteon, 187 Melatonin phase response curve, in jet lag, Mesor, definition of, 303 Metabolic disorders, night shift work and,

5 309 Morning bright-light therapy, for delayed sleep phase disorder, N Neurobiology, of circadian rhythms, Neurodegenerative diseases, irregular sleep wake rhythm disorder in, 213 Night shift work, effect of circadian misalignment on health, cancer, cardiovascular disorders, 152 gastrointestinal and reproductive disorders, 154 metabolic disorders, 153 shift work disorder, circadian and homeostatic regulation of sleep and wakefulness, 257 countermeasures, definition of, 304 performance and accidents at work, physiologic sleepiness, sleep and shift work, special cases, 264 subjective sleepiness, Night, biological, definition of, 301 Nighttime, circadian clock regulation by, Nitrates, in chronotherapy for cardiovascular disorders, 147 Non-24-hour sleep-wake syndrome, in blind and sighted patients, biologic basis and pathogenesis, circadian rhythm features, clinical characteristics, in blind patients, in sighted patients, psychiatric features, 204 sleep features, treatment strategies, Non-entrained type. See Non-24 hour sleep-wake syndrome. P Pathogenesis, of non-24 hour sleep-wake syndrome, PD-6735, 187 Period length, in delayed sleep phase disorder, PERIOD3 (PER3) gene, role in circadian and homeostatic regulation of sleep and cognition, See also Clock genes. Pharmacologic treatments, for psychiatric disorders, effect on circadian rest-activity cycles, patterns in specific psychiatric disorders, Phase advance, definition of, 303 Phase angle, definition of, 303 Phase angle difference, in seasonal affective disorder, Phase delay, definition of, 304 Phase response curve, definition of, 304 light and melatonin, in jet lag, Phase shift, definition of, 304 to prevent or minimize jet lag, Phase tolerance, definition of, 304 Phase-dependent response, of human circadian system to light, Phase-shift hypothesis, in seasonal affective disorder, applied to other disorders, Photic, definition of, 304 Phototherapy, for advanced sleep phase disorder, Physiology, circadian rhythms and, links with disease, effect of light on human circadian system, adaptation to prior light-dark exposure, entrainment by light, intensity-dependent response to light, neuroanatomy of mammalian circadian system, 166 phase-dependent response to light, response to intermittent bight light exposure, wavelength sensitivity, 170 Process C, definition of, 304 Process S, definition of, 304 Psychiatric disorders, circadian disruption and, actigraphy as clinical tool, caveats, 275 importance of entrainment in, 282 patterns of rest-activity cycles, Alzheimer s disease, 280 bipolar manic-depressive illness, borderline personality disorder, Korsakoff s psychosis, 280 schizophrenia, pharmacologic treatments, drug abuse, and circadian rest-activity cycles, zeitgebers as therapy, dark therapy, 281 light therapy, 281

6 310 Psychiatric (continued) melatonin, 281 Psychiatric features, in non-24 hour sleep-wake syndrome, in blind patients, 294 in sighted patients, 197 R Ramelteon, Reproductive disorders, night shift work and, 154 Retinal hypothalamic tract, definition of, 304 S Schizophrenia, patterns of rest-activity cycles in, Seasonal affective disorder, historical perspectives, phase-shift hypothesis for, applied to other disorders, sleep disorders and circadian management, 290 Shift work, effects of circadian desynchronization on health, 128 sleep loss and fatigue in, Shift work disorder, circadian and homeostatic regulation of sleep and wakefulness, 257 countermeasures, definition of, 304 performance and accidents at work, physiologic sleepiness, sleep and shift work, special cases, 264 subjective sleepiness, Sleep, circadian rhythms and, biological timekeeping, circadian clock, circadian resetting, genetics of, circadian and homeostatic regulation of, consolidation of cognitive performance, consolidation of sleep-wake cycles, effect of light on, glossary of terminology, influence on disease severity, melatonin and melatonin analogues role in, physiologic and health consequences of disruption of, sleep disorders related to, advance-related sleep complaints and advanced sleep phase disorder, delayed sleep phase disorder, irregular sleep wake rhythm, non-24-hour sleep-wake syndrome, psychiatric disorders and, shift work disorder, traveling without jet lag, winter depression, Sleep-wake cycles, consolidation through opposing circadian and homeostatic rhythms, genetic models of circadian regulation of, Sleepiness, in shift work, physiologic, subjective, Stimulants, for advanced sleep phase disorder, 225 Suprachiasmatic nucleus, 129 anatomic integration of circadian regulation, as master circadian pacemaker, 129 entrainment in light-dark cycles, 129 in circadian rhythm, role in irregular sleep wake rhythm disorder, 213, 215 Synchronization, circadian, as factor in health and disease, T Tasimelteon, 187 Travel, sleep disorders due to. See Jet lag. Treatment, of circadian rhythm sleep disorders, advanced sleep phase disorder, behavioral, 225 chronotherapy, 225 hypnotics, 225 light and darkness exposure, 224 longitudinal care, 225 oral melatonin, phototherapy, stimulants, 225 delayed sleep phase disorder, behavioral, chronotherapy, 235 lifestyle considerations, 233 melatonin, morning bright-light therapy, in psychiatric disorders, zeitgebers as therapy, dark therapy, 281

7 311 U light therapy, 281 melatonin, 281 Irregular sleep-wake rhythm disorder, light, 215 melatonin, other approaches, 216 jet lag, minimizing or preventing, non-24 hour sleep-wake syndrome, light therapy, melatonin, shift work sleep disorder, countermeasures for, Ultraradian, definition of, 304 W Wakefulness, circadian and homeostatic regulation of sleep and, 257 Watt, definition of, 304 Wavelength sensitivity, of human circadian system, 170 Winter depression, historical perspectives, phase-shift hypothesis for, applied to other disorders, sleep disorders and circadian management, 290 Work performance, effect of shift work disorder on, Z Zeitgebers, as therapy for sleep disorders associated with psychiatric illness, dark therapy, 281 light therapy, 281 melatonin, 281 definition of, 304