Announcements. Papers. PsychPortal-D2L integration. Exam 2 is next Wednesday (2/29) PsychPortal deadlines

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1 Papers Announcements Draft due sometime Feb 17 to Mar 9 (lottery) Due FRIDAY 11:55 PM Visit your assigned preceptor PsychPortal-D2L integration Has started, but not finished! Exam 2 is next Wednesday (2/29) PsychPortal deadlines Monday Master Quiz Tuesday Learning Curves (seven of em)

2 VI. Sleep and Dreams

3 VI. Sleep and Dreams How do you know someone is asleep?

4 VI. Sleep and Dreams A. Types and stages of sleep Faster Slower 1.EEG activity a.beta activity Hz b.alpha activity 8-12 hz c.delta activity 1-4 Hz

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6 VI. Sleep and Dreams A.Types and stages of sleep 2. Stages of sleep are defined by EEG a. Stage 1 = alternating periods of alpha and other activity b.stage 2 =alpha rhythms GONE, theta waves present, occasional sleep spindles and K-complexes c. Stage 3 = a few Delta waves d. Stage 4 = mostly Delta waves e. REM (AKA paradoxical) sleep

7 Assessing Sleep Stages Hank Morgan/ Rainbow

8 a. Sleep Stages 1 2 Stage 1: Alpha Stage 2: Theta waves (5 8 Hz) Stage 2 : Sleep Spindles Theta Waves

9 b. Sleep Stages 3 4 Slow large amplitude, delta waves (1 4 Hz)

10 c. REM Sleep (Rapid Eye Movement) Following stage 4, cycle moves towards stage 1 again Still asleep, but brain resembles awake aroused state. Low amplitude, fast beta waves (15 40 Hz)

11 Sleep and Dreams c. REM (AKA paradoxical) sleep 1. after ~90 minutes, person is obviously asleep, but the EEG resembles waking 2. Eyes dart rapidly back and forth (hence the name Rapid Eye Movement). 3. Dreams of a narrative story-like style tend to occur during REM sleep.

12 90 Minute Cycles During Sleep With each 90 minute cycle, stage 4 sleep decreases and the duration of REM sleep increases.

13 What is Sleep Good For? 1. Sleep Protects: Sleeping in the darkness when predators loomed about kept our ancestors out of harm s way. 2. Sleep Recuperates: Sleep helps restore and repair brain tissue. 3. Sleep Helps Remembering: Sleep restores and rebuilds our fading memories.

14 Sleep helps memory Improvement after sleep: Nighttime sleep Also daytime nap Stickgold 2005

15 What is Sleep Good For? 1. Sleep Protects: Sleeping in the darkness when predators loomed about kept our ancestors out of harm s way. 2. Sleep Recuperates: Sleep helps restore and repair brain tissue. 3. Sleep Helps Remembering: Sleep restores and rebuilds our fading memories. 4. Sleep Improves Daytime Function: Too little sleep associated with cognitive and emotional problems, poorer immune function

16 Accidents Frequency of accidents increase with loss of sleep Spring Fall

17 Sleep Disorders 1. Insomnia: A persistent inability to fall or stay asleep. 2. Narcolepsy: Excessive sleepiness and sleep attacks at inappropriate times (while working, talking, standing up ) 3. Sleep apnea: Failure to breathe when asleep. Many adverse health effects.

18 Test you Sleep IQ!

19 When people sleepwalk, they are experiencing a dream that they are walking. A. TRUE B. FALSE SDIQ 1

20 Most people report dreaming in black and white. A. TRUE B. FALSE SDIQ 5

21 Most dreams are about sex A. TRUE B. FALSE SDIQ 0

22 Some people require as few as 4 hours of sleep a night to feel well rested. A. TRUE B. FALSE SDIQ 7

23 More than half of American adults have suffered from insomnia in the past year. A. TRUE B. FALSE SDIQ 9

24 During sleep your brain and body rest A. TRUE B. FALSE SDIQ 10

25 Over-the-counter (OTC) medications are effective in treating sleep problems such as insomnia. A. TRUE B. FALSE SDIQ 13

26 Resting in bed with your eyes closed cannot satisfy your body s need for sleep. A. TRUE B. FALSE SIQ 4

27 Snoring is not harmful as long as it doesn t disturb others or wake you up. A. TRUE B. FALSE SIQ 5

28 Everyone dreams nightly. A. TRUE B. FALSE SIQ 6, SDIQ 8

29 Most people don t know when they are sleepy. A. TRUE B. FALSE SIQ 8

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31 Why do we dream? 1. Wish Fulfillment: Freud suggested dreams provide a psychic safety valve to discharge unacceptable feelings. Royal road to the unconscious! 2. Information Processing: Dreams may help sift, sort, and fix a day s experiences in our memories.

32 Why do we dream? 3. Physiological Function: Dreams provide the sleeping brain with stimulation to develop and preserve neural pathways. Newborns thus need more sleep.

33 Why do we dream? All dream researchers believe we need REM sleep. When deprived of REM, subsequent REM Rebound.

34 End of Consciousness

35 Sensation and Perception

36 One Two Three Four Five! Senses working Overtime!

37 I. Overview A. Sensation: awareness of simple characteristics B. Perception: making complex interpretations

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39 I. Overview A. Sensation: awareness of simple characteristics B. Perception: making complex interpretations

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41 Top Down Versus Bottom Up Processing Bottom Up: the sensory features create the perception No Expectations or Experience necessary Top Down: Higher level mental processes based on our experience and expectations influence the perception

42 Bottom up Processing Analysis of the stimulus begins with the sense receptors and works up through levels of processing in the brain to give us the percept Letter A is really a black blotch broken down into features by the brain that we perceive as an A.

43 Top Down Processing Information processing guided by higher level mental processes as we construct perceptions, drawing on our experience and expectations.

44 Other Examples of Top Down Processes Proof reading trouble

45 Cna You Raed This? Aoccdrnig to rseerach at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn't mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoatnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer be at the rghit pclae. The rset can be a total mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe. Amzanig huh?

46 Other Examples of Top Down Processes Proof reading trouble Deciphering Lyrics Excuse me while I Kiss this guy? Excuse me while I Kiss the sky! Those alleged hidden messages in songs Another One Bites the dust tsud eht setib eno rehtona And many more!

47 Hidden Messages? Some claim that musicians insert these messages to influence us (e.g., promote satanic views!) Think skeptically Without top-down processing (i.e., knowing what it s supposed to say), we can t decipher it No evidence it has any effect when played forward OR backward

48 Other Examples of Top Down Processes Proof reading trouble Deciphering Lyrics Excuse me while I Kiss this guy? Excuse me while I Kiss the sky! Those alleged hidden messages in songs Another One Bites the dust tsud eht setib eno rehtona No empirical support that subliminal and especially backwards messages have any impact