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1 Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Actigraphy, 475, 485, 496 Adolescents, sleep disorders in, Adults, sleep disorders in, Advanced sleep phase disorder, 482 Age, poor sleep with, changes with aging, napping, 572 sleep architecture, clinical evaluation of, physical examination, 573 questionnaires and diagnostic testing, sleep history, sleep disorders across the life span, adolescents (12 to 18 years), children (0 to 12 years), elderly (more than 60 years), middle-aged adults (18 to 60 years), Alternating leg muscle activation, Amantadine, for restless legs syndrome, 518 Anticonvulsants, for restless legs syndrome, 517 Apnea. See Sleep apnea. Architecture, sleep, changes with aging, Arousal disorders, confusional arousals, sleep terrors, and sleepwalking, Arousal system overactivity, in insomnia, Assessment tools. See Diagnostic tools. Awakenings, irregular, in circadian rhythm disorders, B Bedtimes, irregular. See Circadian rhythm disorders. Breathing disorders. See Sleep-related breathing disorders. Bright light exposure, for jet lag, for shift work disorder, Bruxism, clinical diagnosis, 529 diagnostic evaluation, 530 Sleep Med Clin 9 (2014) X/14/$ see front matter Ó 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C differential diagnosis, 531 epidemiology, 529 primary and secondary, treatment, 531 Central sleep apnea, See also Sleep apnea. Children, sleep disorders in, Chronotherapy, for circadian rhythm disorders, 487 Circadian preference, in assessment of irregular bedtimes and awakenings, 483 Circadian rhythm disorders, excessive daytime sleepiness due to, 494 in insomnia, nature of the problem, patient history, physical examination, sleep tests and additional testing, 485 treatment options, Clonidine, for restless legs syndrome, 518 Cognitive behavioral therapy, for insomnia in circadian rhythm disorders, Confusional arousals, D Daytime sleepiness, assessment of irregular bedtimes and awakenings, excessive, evaluation of patient with, additional testing, actigraphy, 496 laboratory testing, 496 Maintenance of Wakefulness Test, Multiple Sleep Latency Test, polysomnography, surveys, 496 patient history, circadian rhythm disorders, 494 insomnia, insufficient sleep time, 493 narcolepsy and other hypersomnias of central origin, 495 parasomnias, 495 sleep-related breathing disorder, 495 physical examination, Delayed sleep phase disorder, 482 sleep.theclinics.com

2 586 Diagnostic tools, for patients with difficulties falling or staying asleep, actigraphy, 475 laboratory testing and other assessments, 475 psychological and neurobehavioral testing, sleep diaries, sleep testing, 475 for patients with irregular bedtimes and awakenings, 485 actigraphy, 485 Epworth sleepiness scale, 485 laboratory studies and imaging, 485 Maintenance of Wakefulness Testing, 485 Multiple Sleep Latency Testing, 485 polysomnography, 485 sleep log, 485 Diaries, sleep, , 485 Dopamine agonists, for restless legs syndrome, Dream enactment behaviors, and nightmares, E Early morning awakenings, two-process model and homeostatic load issues, Eating disorder, sleep-related, Elderly, sleep disorders in, Electroencephalography, findings in disorders of arousal, 544 Epworth sleepiness scale, 485 Excessive daytime sleepiness. See Daytime sleepiness, excessive. F Free-running sleep disorder, 483 H Hemodialysis patients, restless legs syndrome treatment in, 519 Hypersomnias, of central origin, excessive daytime sleepiness due to, 495 Hypnagogic foot tremor, 531 Hypoventilation, in evaluation of sleep complaints, I clinical evaluation, diagnostic evaluation, 508 treatment, 508 Imaging, in assessment of irregular bedtimes and awakenings, 485 Insomnia. See also Sleep complaints. difficulties falling or staying asleep, access to sleep specialists, 465 barriers and access to care, diagnostic and assessment tools, actigraphy, 475 laboratory testing and other assessments, 475 psychological and neurobehavioral testing, sleep diaries, sleep testing, 475 initial assessment, initial sleep onset, arousal system overactivity, 467, 470 circadian rhythm disorders, clinical vignette, models and causes, 467 night-time and early morning awakenings, two-process model and homeostatic load issues, the interview, excessive daytime sleepiness due to, in assessment of irregular bedtimes and awakenings, Insufficient sleep time, excessive daytime sleepiness due to, 493 Interview, of patients with difficulties falling or staying asleep, Iron therapy, for restless legs syndrome, 516 Irregular bedtimes. See Circadian rhythm disorders. Irregular respiration, clinical evaluation, diagnostic evaluation, 507 treatment, 507 Irregular sleep-wake disorder, 483 J Jet lag disorder, case example of jet lag without, 563 diagnosis, treatment strategies, melatonin, 568

3 587 L pharmacologic approaches, phototherapy, Laboratory testing, 475, 485, 496 M Magnesium, for restless legs syndrome, 518 Maintenance of Wakefulness Testing, 485, Medical conditions, insomnia due to, Melatonin, for circadian rhythm disorders, 487 for jet lag, 568 for shift work disorder, Modafinil, for shift work disorder, Multiple Sleep Latency Test, 485, N Napping, sleep changes with aging, 572 Narcolepsy, excessive daytime sleepiness due to, 495 Neurobehavioral testing, in assessment of insomnia, Night-time awakenings, two-process model and homeostatic load issues, Nightmares, and dream enactment behaviors, Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) parasomnias, confusional arousals, sleep terrors, and sleepwalking, O Obesity hypoventilation syndrome, Obstructive sleep apnea, 502 See also Sleep apnea. Opiates, for restless legs syndrome, Overlap schedule, vs full entrainment for shift work disorder, 569 P Parasomnias, excessive daytime sleepiness due to, 495 nightmares and dream enactment behaviors, Periodic limb movement disorder, , as an exclusion diagnosis, concept of, diagnosis, 527 epidemiology, 526 objective evaluation, 526 treatment of, 528 Phototherapy, for circadian rhythm disorders, 486 for jet lag, for shift work disorder, Polysomnography, in disorders of arousal, 544 in excessive daytime sleepiness, in insomnia, 475 in REM behavior disorder, 556 Pregnancy, restless legs syndrome treatment in, 519 Propriospinal myoclonus, 532 Psychiatric conditions, in assessment of irregular bedtimes and awakenings, 484 insomnia due to, 474 Psychological testing, in assessment of insomnia, R Rapid eye movement (REM) behavior disorder, Respiration, irregular, clinical evaluation, diagnostic evaluation, 507 treatment, 507 Restless legs syndrome, cause, clinical evaluation, clinical features, epidemiology, 514 pharmacologic, amantadine, 518 anticonvulsants, 517 clonidine, 518 dopamine agonists, magnesium, 518 opioids, sedative hypnotics, 518 refractory, 518 treatment,

4 588 Restless (continued) algorithms for, in specific populations, hemodialysis patients, 519 pregnancy, 519 nonpharmacologic, 516 pharmacologic, Rhythmic movement disorder, sleep-related, clinical evaluation, 524 diagnosis, differential diagnosis, 525 epidemiology, 524 treatment, 525 S Sedative hypnotics, for restless legs syndrome, 518 Sexual behaviors, sleep-related abnormal, Shift work disorder, case example, diagnosis, treatment strategies, melatonin, overlap schedules vs full entrainment for, 569 pharmacologic approaches, phototherapy, Sleep apnea, central, clinical evaluation, diagnostic evaluation, 504 obstructive, 502 treatment, adjunctive therapies, 506 behavioral therapy, oral appliance, 505 positive airway pressure, surgical procedures, 505 Sleep complaints, evaluation of, apneas, confusional arousals, sleep terrors, and sleepwalking, difficulties falling or staying asleep, access to sleep specialists, 465 barriers and access to care, diagnostic and assessment tools, initial assessment, , initial sleep onset, night-time and early morning awakenings, the interview, excessive daytime sleepiness, additional testing, patient history, physical examination, hypoventilation, nature of the problem, patient history, physical examination, sleep tests and additional testing, 485 treatment options, irregular respiration, jet lag disorder and shift work disorder, jet lag, shift work disorder, treatment strategies, nightmares and dream enactment behaviors, poor sleep with age, changes with aging, clinical evaluation of, sleep disorders across the life span, restless legs syndrome, cause, clinical evaluation, clinical features, epidemiology, 514 in specific populations, refractory, 518 treatment, rhythmic and periodic movements of sleep, bruxism, clinical case, 523, 526, 529, 531 miscellaneous conditions, periodic limb movements, sleep-related rhythmic movement disorders, snoring, Sleep specialists, board-certified, patient access to, 465 Sleep terrors, Sleep-fragmenting conditions, insomnia due to, 473 Sleep-related breathing disorders, evaluation of sleep complaints in, apnea,

5 589 hypoventilation, irregular breathing, snoring, Sleepwalking, Snoring, clinical evaluation, 500 diagnostic evaluation, 500 treatment, Somnambulism. See Sleepwalking.

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