5. Smith R, Ronald J, Delaive K, et al. What are obstructive sleep apnea patients being treated for prior to this diagnosis? Chest. 2002;121:

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1 6 REFERÊNCIAS

2 Referências Young T, Palta M, Dempsey J, Skatrud J, Weber S, Badr S. The occurrence of sleep disordered breathing among middle aged adults. N Engl J Med. 1993,328: Young T, Evans L, Finn L, Palta M. Estimation of the clinically diagnosed proportion of sleep apnea syndrome in middle-aged men and women. Sleep. 1997;20: Kryger MII, Roos L, Delaive K, et al. Utilization of health care services in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep. 1996;19:S111- S Ronald J, Delaive K, Roos L, et al. Health care utilization in the 10 years prior to diagnosis in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients. Sleep. 1999;22: Smith R, Ronald J, Delaive K, et al. What are obstructive sleep apnea patients being treated for prior to this diagnosis? Chest. 2002;121: Hla KM, Young TB, Bidwell T, Palta M, Skatrud JB, Dempsey J. Sleep apnea and hypertension. A population based study. Ann Intern Med. 1994;120: Guilleminaut C, Conolly SJ, Winkle RA. Cardiac arrhythmia and conduction disturbances during sleep in 400 patients with sleep apnea syndrome. Am J Cardiol. 1983;52:490-4.

3 Referências Weintzenblum E, Kriger J, Apprill M, Vallee E, Ehrhart M, Ratomaharo J, et al. Daytime pulmonary hypertension in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1988;138: Carlon JT, Hedner JA, Ejnell H, Peterson LE. High prevalence of hypertension in sleep apnea patients independent of obesity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994;150: Hedner J, Ejnell H, Caidahl K. Left Ventricular hypertrophy independent of hypertension in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. J Hypertens. 1990;8: Peker Y, Kraiczi H, Hedner J,Loth S, Johansson A, Bende M. An independent association between obstructive sleep apnoea and coronary artery disease. Eur Respir J. 1999;14: Phillips BG, Sommers VK. Sleep disordered breathing and risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2002;8: Shamsuzzaman AS, Winnicki M, Lanfranchi P, et al. elevated C-reactive protein inpatients with obstructive sleep apnea. Circulation. 2002;105: Andreas S, Schulz R, Werner GS, Kreuzer H. Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea inpatients with coronary artery disease. Coron Art Dis. 1996;7: De Olazabal JR, Miller MJ, Cook WR, Mithhoefer JC. Disordered breathing and hypoxia during sleep in coronary artery diasease. Chest. 1982;82: Schafer H, Koehler U, Ewig S, Hasper E, Tasci S, Luderitz B. Obstructive sleep apnea as a risk marker in coronary artery disease. Cardiology. 1999;92:79-84.

4 Referências American Heart Association. 1999; Heart and Stroke Statistical Update. Dallas: American Heart Association; Netzer N, Eliasson AH, Netzer C, Kristo DA. Overnight pulse oximetry for sleep disordered breathing in adults. Chest. 2001;120: Stradling JR, Crosby JII. Predictors and prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea and snoring in 1001 middle aged men. Thorax. 1991;46: Kripke DF, Ancoli-israel S, Klauber MR, et al. Prevalence of sleep disordered-breathing in ages anos: a population based survey. Sleep. 1997;20: Mooe T, Rabben T, Winklund U, et al. Sleep disordered-breathing in women: occurrence and association with coronary artery disease. Am J Med. 1996;101: Epstein LJ, Dorla GR. Cost effectiveness analysis of nocturnal oximetry as a method of screening for sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. Chest. 1998;113: Braunwald E, Antman EM, Beasley JW, et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina and non-st segment elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36: Myocardial infarction redefined - a consensus document of the Joint European Society of Cardiology/American College of Cardiology Committee for the redefinition of myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J. 2000;21: Johns M. A new method of measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale. Sleep. 1991;14:540-5.

5 Referências Netzer NC, Stoohs RA, Netzer CM, Clarck K, Strohl KP. Using the Berlin questionnaire to identify patients at risk for the sleep apnea syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1999;131: Gami AS, Pressman G, Caples SM, et al. Association of atrial fibrillation and obstructive sleep apnea. Circulation. 2004;110: Katz I, Stradling J, Slutsky AS, et al. Do patients with obstructive sleep apnea have thick necks? Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990;141: Rechtschaffen A, Kales A, editors. A manual of standardized terminology: techniques and scoring system for sleep stages of human subjects. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Brain Information Service/Brain Research Institute; ASDA (American Sleep Disorders Association) Atlas Task Force EEG Arousals: Scoring Rules and Examples. Sleep. 1992;15: AASM (American Academy of Sleep Medicine). Task force sleeprelated breathing disorders in adults: recommendations for syndrome definition and measurement techniques in clinical research. Sleep. 1999;22: Ball EM, Simon RD Jr, Tall AA, Banks MB, Nino-Murcia G, Dement WC. Diagnosis and treatment of sleep apnea within the community. The Walla Walla project. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157: Bradley TD, Hall MJ, Ando S, et al. Hemodynamic effects of simulated obstructive apneas in humans with and without heart failure. Chest. 2001;119: Brinker JA, Weiss JL, Lappe DL, et al. Leftward septal displacement during right ventricular loading in man. Circulation. 1980;61: Marrone O, Bonsignore MR. Pulmonary haemodynamics in obstruvtive sleep apnoea. Sleep Med Rev. 2002;6:

6 Referências Horner RL. Arousal mechanisms and autonomic consequences. In: Pack AI, editor. Sleep apnea - patogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. New York: Marcel Dekker; p Chugh DK, Dinges DF. Mechanisms of sleepiness in obstructive sleep apnea. In: Pack AI, editor. Sleep apnea - patogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. New York: Marcel Dekker; p Bradley TD, Floras JS. Sleep apnea and heart failure part I: obstructive sleep apnea. Circulation. 2003;107: Somers VK Dyken ME, Clary MP, Abboud FM. Sympathetic neural mechanisms in obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Invest. 1995;96: Prezotti SOA, Cabral MM, Lorenzi-Filho G. Apnéia do sono em distúrbios cardiovasculares causas e conseqüências. In: Pneumologia atualização e reciclagem, v. 4. São Paulo: Vivali; Cap. 19, p Muller JE, Stone PH, Turi ZG, et al. Circadian variation in the frequency of onset of acute myocardial infarction. NEJM.1985;313: Kaplan NM. Morning surge in blood pressure. Circulation. 2003;107: Kario K, Pickering TG, Umeda Y, et al. Morning surge in blood pressure as a predictor of silent and clinical cerebrovascular disease in elderly hypertensives: a prospective study. Circulation. 2003;107: Otto ME, Svatikova A, Barretto RBM, et al. Early morning attenuation of endothelial function in healthy humans. Circulation. 2004;109: He J, Kryger MIH, Zorick FJ, et al. Mortality and apnea index in obstructive sleep apnea: experience in 385 male patients. Chest. 1988;94:9-14.

7 Referências Partinen M, Jamieson A, Guilleminaut C. Long term outcome for obstructive sleep apnea patients. Mortality. Chest. 1988;94: Milleron O, Pillière R, Foucher A, et al. Benefits of obstructive sleep apnea treatment in coronary artery disease: a long-term follow-up study. Eur Heart J. 2004;25: Mooe T, Franklin KA, Holmström K, et al. Sleep-disordered breathing and coronary artery disease: long-term prognosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;164: Freedman NS, Gazendam J, Levan L, et al. Abnormal sleep/wake cycles and the effect of environmental noise on sleep disruption in the intensive care unit. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;163: Klein LW. Intensive care unit sleep disruption: Can the cycle be restored? Crit Care Med. 2002;30: Tkacova R, Niroumand M, Lorenzi-Filho G, Bradley TD. Overnight shift from obstructive to central apneas in patients with heart failure: role of PCO2 and circulatory delay. Circulation. 2001;103: Lorenzi-Filho G, Bradley TD. Cardiac function in sleep apnea. In: Pack AI, editor. Sleep apnea - patogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. New York: Marcel Dekker; p Lorenzi-Filho G, Rankin F, Bies I, Bradley TD. Effects of inhaled carbon dioxide and oxygen on Cheyne-Stokes respiration in patients with heart failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;159: Lorenzi-Filho G, Azevedo ER, Parker JD, Bradley TD. Relationship of carbon dioxide tension in arterial blood to pulmonary wedge pressure in heart failure. Eur Respir J. 2002;19:37-40.

8 Referências Lorenzi-Filho G, Dajani HR, Leung RS, Floras JS, Bradley TD. Entrainment of blood pressure and heart rate oscillations by periodic breathing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;159: Leung RS, Floras JS, Lorenzi-Filho G, et al. Influence of Cheyne-Stokes respiration on cardiovascular oscillations in heart failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003;167: Naughton MT, Bradley TD. Sleep apnea in congestive heart failure. Clin Chest Med. 1998;19: Leite JJ, Mansur AJ, de Freitas HF, Chizola PR, Bocchi EA, Terra-Filho M, Neder JA, Lorezi-Filho G. Periodic breathing during incremental exercise predicts mortality in patients with chronic heart failure evaluated for cardiac transplantation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41:

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