in 2017 gebeur? Wat het met aartappels op die varsproduktemarkte Pieter van Zyl en Laryssa van der Merwe, Aartappels Suid-Afrika

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1 Wat het met aartappels op die varsproduktemarkte in 2017 gebeur? Pieter van Zyl en Laryssa van der Merwe, Aartappels Suid-Afrika In Figuur 1 word 2017 se daaglikse beskikbare voorraadvlakke (alle markte en alle klasse) vergelyk met die daaglikse gemiddelde prys (alle markte en alle klasse). Begin Januarie het pryse redelike hoë vlakke behaal, maar daal tot einde Maart (normaal vir daardie tyd van die jaar). Pryse het oor die winter hoofsaaklik sywaarts beweeg (ook normaal vir daardie tyd van die jaar) waarna dit opwaartse druk ervaar het sedert einde Augustus. Die hoogste voorraadvlakke word gewoonlik oor die winter ervaar wanneer die Oos-Vrystaat, Wes-Vrystaat, Noord- Kaap, en later ook Limpopo in die mark is. Die Oos-Vrystaat het dan ook sy grootste oes nog na die markte gestuur gedurende Figuur 2 dui die negatiewe verband aan tussen verkope op die nasionale varsproduktemarkte en die gemiddelde reële markprys (nadat vir inflasie voorsiening gemaak is). Elke keer wanneer n groter oes bemark word, daal die reële prys, of anders om. Let op die groot styging in reële pryse in 2009 en 2016 wat gepaard gegaan het met redelik groot volume dalings. Dit is ook duidelik uit die figuur dat die reële prys oor tyd sywaarts beweeg. Markpryse Page 38 CHIPS Januarie/Februarie 2018

2 klop dus nie inflasie nie. Die gemiddelde markpryse vir 2015 en 2017, die twee grootste oeste tot dusver, se reële pryse is relatief laag in vergelyking met ander jare. Die maandelikse verkoopsvolumes op markte word aangedui in Figuur 3. Die twee grootste oeste tot dusver, 2015 en 2017, se volumes word aangedui. Gedurende Junie 2015 is die eerste keer meer as tien miljoen sakkies per maand verkoop. Sedertdien is hierdie kerf verskeie kere oortref. Gedurende Maart tot Junie verlede jaar, toe die Oos-Vrystaat streek die grootste oes tot nog gerealiseer het, is rekordverkope gerealiseer. Verskillende produksiestreke se voorsiening aan varsproduktemarkte In Tabel 1 word die verskillende produksiestreke se verkope op die markte uiteengesit vir die 2017 kalenderjaar, alhoewel sommige streke oor kalenderjare bemark. Dit is duidelik dat Limpopo die streek is wat die markte die meeste ondersteun. Hulle voorsien 31% van alle aartappels op die markte. Limpopo is dan ook die grootste produksiestreek in terme van volumes en plant jaarliks meer as hektaar aartappels, alles onder besproeiing. Sowat 60% van hulle totale oes word na die varsproduktemarkte gekanaliseer, terwyl die res plaaslik in die streek verkoop word en na verwerkingsmaatskappye gekanaliseer word. Hulle stuur ook feitlik net Klas 1 aartappels na die markte, aldus die tabel. In 2017 was 85% van hul aanbieding op die markte Klas 1, feitlik dieselfde syfer as die vorige vyf jaar. Laasgenoemde is dan ook een van die redes hoekom hulle deurgaans elke jaar n goeie gemiddelde prys realiseer. In 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013 en 2014 het Limpopo die hoogste gemiddelde prys per sakkie gerealiseer. Ten opsigte van 2006 en 2010 was hulle gemiddelde prys onder die nasionale gemiddeld omrede hulle toe uitermatig groot oeste gerealiseer het (saam met ander streke) en pryse dus onder druk was. Hulle gemiddelde prys vir 2017 was bo die nasionale gemiddelde prys van R34.50 per sakkie. Tydens hulle hoofseisoen lewer hulle maklik 70% van alle aartappels landswyd en is hulle dus eintlik prysbepalers. Limpopo se produksiekoste is van die hoogste in die land, onder andere, omdat hulle ver van die markte geleë is. Die nasionale gemiddelde prys van R34.50 per 10 kg sakkie vir 2017 is bykans R12.43 per sakkie laer as die vorige jaar. Sowat 18 miljoen sakkies meer is gedurende 2017 markte toe gestuur vergeleke met 2016, vandaar die laer pryse. Die Oos-Vrystaat was in 2017 die tweede grootste voorsiener van aartappels aan die markte. Gedurende die drie jare, 2010 tot 2012, het hulle elke jaar sowat 14 miljoen 10 kg sakkies markte toe Daaglikse beskikbare voorraad R per 10kg sakkie Jan 23-Jan 10-Feb 02-Mar 23-Mar 12-Apr 08-May 26-May 15-Jun 06-Jul 26-Jul 16-Aug 05-Sep 26-Sep 16-Oct 03-Nov 23-Nov 13-Dec Voorraad Prys Figuur 1: RSA daagliks Prys (alle klasse) versus beskikbare voorraad CHIPS January/February 2018 Page 39

3 Tabel 1: 2017 kalenderjaar - Voorsiening aan varsproduktemarkte (VPMe) Produksiestreek Totale sakkies % van totaal Gem prys (10 kg) (R/10 kg) Persentasie van lewerings by VPMe Klas 1 Klas 2 Klas 3 en 4 Klas 1 M Limpopo % 38,42 85% 12% 3% 52% Oos-Vrystaat % 28,19 68% 23% 9% 37% Wes-Vrystaat % 30,13 69% 23% 8% 50% Sandveld % 37,39 78% 20% 2% 45% Suidwes-Vrystaat % 40,02 77% 16% 8% 53% Noord-Kaap % 29,51 55% 24% 21% 37% Kwazulu-Natal % 37,05 77% 16% 7% 47% Noord-Wes % 40,94 86% 9% 6% 55% Gauteng % 33,77 78% 17% 5% 45% Noordoos-Kaap % 31,59 64% 22% 14% 40% Oos-Kaap % 40,98 72% 18% 10% 40% Mpumalanga % 35,83 70% 24% 6% 38% Ceres % 30,86 72% 25% 3% 44% Suidwes-Kaap ,2% 39,17 76% 21% 3% 39% Suid-Kaap ,1% 34,09 58% 31% 11% 31% Marble Hall ,1% 17,53 61% 31% 8% 14% Totaal % 34,50 75% 18% 7% 47% gestuur. Gedurende 2013 het hulle egter sowat 17 miljoen sakkies, in 2015 sowat 19.5 miljoen sakkies en in 2017 sowat 22.2 miljoen sakkies markte toe gestuur, wat 'n duidelike groeitendens toon. Let op die lae gemiddelde prys van Noord-Kaap, die sesde grootste voorsiener aan die markte. Dit gebeur gereeld dat Noord-Kaap se gemiddelde prys vir die kalenderjaar laer is as die land se gemiddelde prys. Verskillende varsproduktemarkte se verkope In Tabel 2 word 19 varsproduktemarkte se ontvangste, en gevolglik, verkope van aartappels aangetoon vir die 2017 kalenderjaar. Joburg Mark verkoop die meeste, naamlik 39% van die totaal van sowat 118 miljoen sakkies vir die 2017 kalenderjaar. In geheel gesien beland na raming effens minder as 60% van alle tafelaartappels op die varsproduktemarkte. Hierdie syfer daal oor die langtermyn en is n rede tot kommer, veral aangesien die varsproduktemarkte as prysbepalers dien. Die vier grootste markte verkoop sowat 75% van alle aartappels wat na die markte gekanaliseer word. Joburg Mark het nie net die meeste aartappels verkoop nie, maar sy gemiddelde prys van R34.40 per sakkie is min of meer in lyn met die nasionale gemiddeld van R34.50 (sien Tabel 2). Sedert 2007 styg Joburg Mark se markaandeel elke jaar en kon die gemiddelde nasionale prys ook elke jaar geklop word. Tshwane Mark, die tweede grootste mark, het in die vorige twee jaar daarin geslaag om die nasionale gemiddelde prys te klop. In 2010 klop die Tshwane Mark die nasionale prys met een sent per sakkie, Page 40 CHIPS Januarie/Februarie 2018

4 Miljoen sakkies R 59 R 54 R 49 R 44 R 39 R 34 R 29 R per sakkie R 24 Verkope op markte Reële markprys Figuur 2: Verkoopsvolume versus reële pryse vir aartappels op markte (kalenderjare) kg sakkies Jan Feb Mar Apr Mei Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Des Figuur 3: Maandelikse verkoopsvolumes op markte (vorige rekord) versus 2017 CHIPS January/February 2018 Page 41

5 Tabel 2: 2017 kalenderjaar - Verkope op varsproduktemarkte dieselfde mark nie, maar varieer ook tussen markte. Onthou dat slegs gemiddelde pryse op die tabelle aangedui word en ook net vir die kalenderjaar. Dit is belangrik dat produsente na afloop van elke seisoen sy bemarkingstrategie sal evalueer. Het hy/sy na die regte markte gestuur en hoe vergelyk sy/haar pryse wat hy gerealiseer het met die streek se gemiddeld? Hoe vergelyk sy/haar klasverspreiding met die streek se gemiddeld? Sodanige data is by Aartappels Suid- Afrika beskikbaar. Varsproduktemark (plek) Totale sakkies % van totaal Gem prys (10 kg) (R/10 kg) Persentasie van verkope/lewering Klas 1 Klas 2 Klas 3 en 4 Klas 1 M Johannesburg % 34,40 81% 14% 5% 49% Pretoria % 34,57 73% 20% 7% 45% Durban % 33,79 72% 19% 10% 51% Kaapstad % 35,63 73% 23% 4% 43% Port Elizabeth % 32,69 65% 21% 14% 42% Springs % 33,54 73% 20% 8% 43% Pietermaritzburg % 30,63 59% 26% 14% 36% Klerksdorp % 33,36 68% 23% 9% 44% Oos-Londen % 36,70 70% 17% 13% 45% Bloemfontein % 36,80 73% 19% 8% 49% Mpumalanga % 38,16 79% 18% 3% 50% Welkom % 37,80 70% 17% 13% 42% Vereeniging % 32,48 72% 21% 7% 47% Witbank % 36,07 78% 17% 6% 43% Nelspruit % 38,35 74% 25% 1% 43% George ,4% 36,20 77% 17% 6% 32% Kimberley ,3% 35,69 72% 21% 6% 52% Mthatha ,1% 26,45 43% 30% 27% 26% Uitenhage ,1% 29,63 74% 15% 11% 48% Totaal % 34,50 75% 18% 7% 47% maar vir die voorafgaande jaar was sy gemiddelde prys laer as die nasionale gemiddeld. Die laaste elf jaar kon die Durban Mark net in een jaar die nasionale prys klop, naamlik in Slotgedagtes Dit belangrik om te besef dat produsente gedurig hul huiswerk sal moet doen oor waarheen om sy/haar aartappels te stuur. Pryse varieer nie net op n dag op C Page 42 CHIPS Januarie/Februarie 2018

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