VASILE HEFCO 1*, LUCIAN HRITCU 1, ADRIAN TIRON 1, ANDREEA-IOANA HEFCO 1
|
|
- Abigayle Lewis
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 THE EFFECTS OF NICOTINIC TREATMENT ON MEMORY AND LEARNING IMPAIRMENT INDUCED BY BLOCKADE OF MUSCARINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS ON PERFORMANCE IN RADIAL ARM-MAZE TASK IN RATS VASILE HEFCO, LUCIAN HRITCU, ADRIAN TIRON, ANDREEA-IOANA HEFCO Keywords: nicotine, scopolamine, radial arm-maze, working and reference memory Abstract: consecutive days nicotine administration (.3 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) improve working and reference memory tested by means of radial arm-maze. The effect of nicotine is more pronounced on short-term memory (working memory) than on long-term memory (reference memory). Scopolamine hydrobromide (.7 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) decreases the performance on both short and long term memory, respectively. INTRODUCTION Although studies regarding the implication of cholinergic system in learning and memory began long ago, the statement that in Alzheimer s disease patients, this system suffers an impairment (James and Nordberg, 995) has led to a intensification of researches concerning the responsible cholinergic structures (receptors, neurotransmitters) and their interaction with other nervous structures (Dutar et al., 995; Van der Zee and Luiten, 999). Muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors mediate the action of acetylcholine. Concerning the influence of nicotine, specific acetylcholine stimulus experimental studies in animals and human have shown contradictory results (Levin and Simon, 998). In the present study we examined the effects of nicotinic treatment on memory and learning impairment induced by blockade of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors on performance in radial arm-maze task in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Male Wistar rats weighing 25g ± 25g at the beginning of experiments were used. They were fed and allowed to drink water ad libitum. Rats were treated in accordance with institutional guidelines. Radial arm-maze task The radial arm-maze used in the present study consisted of 8 arms, numbered from to 8 (48x2 cm), extending radially from a central area (32 cm in diameter). The apparatus was placed 4 cm above the floor, and surrounded by various extra maze cues placed at the same position during the study. At the end of each arm there was a food cup that had a single 5 mg food pellet. Prior to the performance of the maze task, the animals were kept on restricted diet and body weight was maintained at 85% of their free-feeding weight over a week period, with water being available ad libitum. Before the actual training began, the animals were shaped for 4 days to run to the end of the arms and consume the bait. The bait was initially available throughout the maze, but gradually was restricted to the food cup. Briefly, each animal was placed individually in the center of the maze and subjected to working and reference memory tasks, in which same 5 arms (no., 2, 4, 5, and 7), were baited for each daily training trial. The other 3 arms (no. 3, 6, 8) were never baited. The training trial continued until all 5 baits had been consumed or until 5 minutes had elapsed. An arm entry was counted when all four limbs of the rat where within an arm. Measures was made of the number of working memory errors (entering an arm containing food, but previously entered), and reference memory errors (entering an arm that was not baited). The time taken to consume all five baits was also recorded. Reference memory is regarded as a long-term memory for information that remains constant over repeated trials (memory for the positions of baited arms), whereas working memory is considered a short-time memory in which the information to be remembered changes in every trial (memory for the positions of arms that had already been visited in each trial) (Durkin, 994; Olton et al., 979). Each animal was subjected to one trial each day.
2 DRUG ADMINISTRATION All drugs were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.), in a single dose, in a volume of ml/kg b.w. (-) Nicotine (free base;.3 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) and scopolamine hydrobromide (.7 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) were administrated individually (scopolamine hydrobromide) or in the combination (nicotine + scopolamine), daily, 3 minutes before training during consecutive days. Before starting the experiments, the rats used in radial arm-maze task were treated previously 4 days with scopolamine or scopolamine + nicotine, 3 minutes before training trials. Statistical analysis Results were expressed as means ± S.E.M. The results were analyzed statistically by means of the Student s t test. p<.5 was taken as the criterion for significance. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS. Effects of nicotinic treatment on memory performance in rats with muscarinic receptors blocked by scopolamine. The experimental data are shown in Fig. -4. The nicotinic treatment improves shortterm and long-term memory, as number of working and respectively reference memory errors decreased in treated rats. The same conclusion can be inferred from average working and reference memory errors. 3.5 Number of working memory errors Days Fig. Effects of nicotinic treatment on spatial working memory formation in rats during days training. The values are means ± S.E.M.p<.5 vs. vehicle (Sco) groups. Number of reference memory errors Days Fig. 2 Effects of nicotinic treatment on spatial reference memory formation in rats during days training. The values are means ± S.E.M.p<.5 vs. scopolamine (Sco) group.
3 Average working memory errors Fig. 3 Average working memory errors during days training of rats treated with nicotine. The values are means ± S.E.M. p<.5. Average reference memory errors Fig. 4 Average reference memory errors during days training of rats treated with nicotine. The values are means ± S.E.M. p< Effects of nicotine treatment on time taken to consume all five baits in rats with muscarinic receptors blocked by scopolamine. The experimental data are shown in Fig The nicotinic treatment decrease the time taken to consume all five baits and average time taken to consume all five baits, respectively.
4 3 Time (s) Days Fig. 5 Effect of nicotinic treatment on time taken to consume all five baits during days training. The values are means ± S.E.M.p<.5 vs. scopolamine (vehicle) groups Average time (s) Fig. 6 Average time taken to consume all five baits during days training of rats treated with nicotine. The values are means ± S.E.M. p<.5 vs. scopolamine. Our results showed that muscarinic acetylcholine receptor blockade with scopolamine (a specific antagonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor) induced a decrease in both long-term memory (evidenced by reference memory errors) and short-term memory (evidenced by working memory errors) and increase the time taken to consume all five baits during days training in the radial arm-maze task. These data confirmed those from the literature concerning the facilitating role of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in memory processes (Dutar et al., 995; Hefco et al., 23b). About the role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors explored by means of nicotine, a specific agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, some research have observed an ameliorating effect of nicotine on memory impairment (Decker et al., 995; Nitta et al., 994; Levin and Simon, 998; Levin and Rezvani, 2, Hefco et al., 2;
5 Hefco et al., 23a) while other did not observe any effect or the contrary have reported negative effect (Dunnet and Martel, 99; Heisham et al., 994; Spilich et al., 992). Our present data show that nicotine administrated during days (.3 mg/kg b.w., i.p./day) has a facilitatory effect on working and reference memory performance in the rats with muscarinic acetylcholine receptors blocked by scopolamine. This data confirmed our previous data concerning the facilitating role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in learning and memory processes explored by means of Y-maze and multi-trial passive avoidance task (Hefco et al., 2; Hefco et al., 23b). Several effects of nicotine in the brain may be mediated through neuromodulatory potentiation of the release of a variety of neurotransmitters including acetylcholine, dopamine, GABA, norepinephrine, serotonin and glutamate (Levin and Simon, 998; Yin and French, 2). Because nicotine has a stimulatory effect on memory in rat with muscarinic acetylcholine receptor blocked by scopolamine, these data confirmed our previous data concerning the facilitating role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in learning and memory processes explored by means of Y-maze and multi-trial passive avoidance task (Hefco et al., 2), without to clear up the mechanism of nicotine action. The mesotelencephalic dopamine system could be involved in appearance of the stimulatory nicotinic effects on learning and memory as we observed in our previous experiments (Hefco et al., 2; Hefco et al., 23c). CONCLUSIONS On the basis of our results concerning the effect of nicotine in rats with muscarinic acetylcholine receptors blocked by means of scopolamine, we can conclude that nicotine, by activating the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, attenuated the impairment of shortterm and long-term memory induced by muscarinic receptors blockade by scopolamine. BIBLIOGRAPHY Decker, M.W., Brioni, J.D., Bannon, A. W., Arneric, S.P., 995. Diversity of neural nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: lessons from behavior and implications for CNS therapeutics Life Sci., 56, Dunnet, S.B., Martel, F.L., 99. Proactive interference effects on short-term memory in rats, Basic parameters and drug effects Behav. Neurosci. 4, Durkin, T.P., 994. Spatial working memory over long retention intervals: dependence on sustained cholinergic activation in the septohippocampal or nucleus basalis magnocellularis-cortical pathways? Neurosci., 62, Hefco, V., Olariu, Ana, Gavrilovici, C., Hefco, Andreea, 2. The role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in cognitive functions Ann. Univ. Iasi, 46, Hefco, V., Hefco, Andreea, Hritcu, L., Tiron, A., 23a. The effects of chronic nicotine treatement on performance in radial arm maze task in rats Ann. Univ. Iasi, G&BM, Tome IV, Hefco, V., Yamada, K., Hefco, Andreea, Hritcu, L., Tiron, A., Olariu, Ana, Nabeshima, T., 23b. Effects of nicotine on memory impairment induced by blockade of muscarinic, nicotinic and dopamine D2 receptors in rats Eur. J.Pharmacol., 474, Hefco, V., Yamada, K., Hefco, Andreea, Hritcu, L., Tiron, A., Nabeshima, T., 23c. Role of the mesotelencephalic dopamine system in learning and memory processes in the rat Eur. J. Pharmacol., 475, 55-6
6 Heisham, S.J., Taylor, R.C., Henningfield, J.E., 994. Nicotine and smoking: a review of effects on human performance Exper.Clin.Psychopharmacol. 2, James, J.R., Nordberg, A., 995. Genetic and environmental aspects of the role of nicotinic receptors in neurodegenerative disorders: emphasis on Alzheimer s disease and Parkinson s disease Behav. Genet., 25(2), Levin, E.D., Rezvani, A.H., 2. Development of nicotinic drug therapy for cognitive disorders Eur. J. Pharmacol., 393, 4-46 Levin, E.D., Simon, B., 998. Nicotinic acetylcholine involvement in cognitive function in animals Psychopharmacol 38, Nitta, A., Katono, Y., Itoh, A., Hasegawa, T., Nabeshima, T., 994. Nicotine reverses scopolamine-induced impairment of performance in passive avoidance task in rats through its action on the dopaminergic neuronal system Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 49,4, Olton, D.S., Becker, J.T., Handelmann, G.E.,979. Hippocampus, space, and memory.behav.brain Res.,, 2, Spilich, G.J., June, L., Renner, J., 992. Cigarette smoking and cognitive performance British J. Addiction, 87, Yin, R., French, E.D., 2. A comparison of the effects of nicotine on dopamine and non-dopamine neurons in the rat ventral tegmental area: an in vitro electrophysiological study Brain Res. Bull. 5, 6, Al.I.Cuza University of Iaşi, B-dul Carol I, 2A, 756 Iaşi România corresponding author: vhefco@uaic.ro
Ph D THESIS ABSTRACT
ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA UNIVERSITY IAŞI FACULTY OF BIOLOGY THE STUDY OF CHANGES FOR SEVERAL BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN ANIMAL MODELS FOR NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS Ph D THESIS ABSTRACT Scientific
More informationInvolvement of cholinergic receptors in the different stages of memory measured in the modified elevated plus maze test in mice
Pharmacological Reports 12, 64, 66 8 ISSN 1734-114 Copyright 12 by Institute of Pharmacology Polish cademy of Sciences Involvement of cholinergic receptors in the different stages of memory measured in
More informationCogs 107b Systems Neuroscience lec9_ neuromodulators and drugs of abuse principle of the week: functional anatomy
Cogs 107b Systems Neuroscience www.dnitz.com lec9_02042010 neuromodulators and drugs of abuse principle of the week: functional anatomy Professor Nitz circa 1986 neurotransmitters: mediating information
More informationCholinergic influence on memory stages: A study on scopolamine amnesic mice
Research Article Cholinergic influence on memory stages: A study on scopolamine amnesic mice Rahul Agrawal, Ethika Tyagi, Gunjan Saxena, Chandishwar Nath 1 ABSTRACT Division of Pharmacology, 1 Division
More informationClasses of Neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters
1 Drugs Outline 2 Neurotransmitters Agonists and Antagonists Cocaine & other dopamine agonists Alcohol & its effects / Marijuana & its effects Synthetic & Designer Drugs: Ecstasy 1 Classes of Neurotransmitters
More informationDrugs, The Brain, and Behavior
Drugs, The Brain, and Behavior John Nyby Department of Biological Sciences Lehigh University What is a drug? Difficult to define Know it when you see it Neuroactive vs Non-Neuroactive drugs Two major types
More informationInsular Cortex-Amygdala Dialogue During Taste Recognition Memory Formation
The highlight for April is by Dr. Federico Bermudez-Rattoni from the Institute of Cellular Physiology, National University of Mexico in Mexico City, Mexico. Dr. Bermudez-Rattoni s work over the past 25
More informationAcetylcholine again! - thought to be involved in learning and memory - thought to be involved dementia (Alzheimer's disease)
Free recall and recognition in a network model of the hippocampus: simulating effects of scopolamine on human memory function Michael E. Hasselmo * and Bradley P. Wyble Acetylcholine again! - thought to
More information7. NOOTROPIC AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY. 7.1 Introduction
268 7. NOOTROPIC AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY 7.1 Introduction Alzheimer s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder, which according to World Health Organization (WHO) affects 22 million people world wide,
More informationAdvanced Neurotransmitters & Neuroglia
Advanced Neurotransmitters & Neuroglia Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc. 2017 Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc., Rockville, MD Lundbeck, LLC. February
More informationInternational Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences ROLE OF ANGIOTENSIN ANTAGONISTS IN MEMORY ENHANCEMENT S.INDUMATHY* 1, S.KAVIMANI 2 AND K.V.
International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences ROLE OF ANGIOTENSIN ANTAGONISTS IN MEMORY ENHANCEMENT S.INDUMATHY* 1, S.KAVIMANI 2 AND K.V.RAMAN 3 1 Department of, Mother Theresa Postgraduate and Research
More informationBiological Psychology. Key Point for this Unit: Everything psychological is simultaneously biological!!
Biological Psychology Key Point for this Unit: Everything psychological is simultaneously biological!! NEURON Dendrites Dendrites receive messages from other cells and conduct impulses toward the cell
More informationPsychoactive Drugs & The Brain
Psychoactive Drugs & The Brain Psychoactive Substances & The Brain 1. Psychoactive substances enter the bloodstream via oral administration, inhalation, smoking, or injection 2. Psychoactive substances
More informationAt a Glance. Background Information. Lesson 3 Drugs Change the Way Neurons Communicate
Lesson 3 Drugs Change the Way Neurons Communicate Overview Students build upon their understanding of neurotransmission by learning how different drugs of abuse disrupt communication between neurons. Students
More informationNeurons have cell membranes that separate them from the environment outside the neuron.
Neural Communication Lecture 11 A. Resting Potential In this section, we will consider the basic unit of the nervous system the neuron and how neurons communicate with each other. The story of neural communication
More informationTYPES OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS
TYPES OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS Acetylcholine (ACH) Deals with motor movement and memory. Too much and you will. Too little and you will Lack of ACH has been linked to Alzheimer s disease. Serotonin Involved
More informationDoes nicotine alter what is learned about non-drug incentives?
East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Undergraduate Honors Theses 5-2014 Does nicotine alter what is learned about non-drug incentives? Tarra L. Baker Follow
More informationAM281, Cannabinoid Antagonist/Inverse agonist, Ameliorates Scopolamine- Induced Cognitive Deficit
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences Vol. 15, No. 5, Sep-Oct 2012, 1106-1110 Received: May 28, 2011; Accepted: Dec 24, 2011 www.mums.ac.ir Short Communication AM281, Cannabinoid Antagonist/Inverse
More informationPsychology 210. Chemical Messengers. Types of NTs. Properties of Neurotransmitters. Cholinergic Neurons. Small molecule NTs.
Psychology 210 Lecture 3 Kevin R Smith Chemical Messengers Neurotransmitters Act on neurons locally At one synapse Neuromodulators Act on clusters of neurons May not be in the immediate vicinity of where
More informationDRUG TREATMENT OF PARKINSON S DISEASE. Mr. D.Raju, M.pharm, Lecturer
DRUG TREATMENT OF PARKINSON S DISEASE Mr. D.Raju, M.pharm, Lecturer PARKINSON S DISEASE (parkinsonism) is a neurodegenerative disorder which affects t h e b a s a l g a n g l i a - and is associated with
More informationScience & Technologies COMPARISON THE EFFECTS OF TACRINE AND GALANTAMINE ON ACTIVE AVOIDANCE TEST IN RATS WITH DIAZEPAM-AMNESIA MODEL
COMPARISON THE EFFECTS OF TACRINE AND GALANTAMINE ON ACTIVE AVOIDANCE TEST IN RATS WITH DIAZEPAM-AMNESIA MODEL Darinka Dimitrova, Damianka Getova Medical University Plovdiv, Medical Faculty, 4002 Plovdiv,
More informationExam 2 PSYC Fall (2 points) Match a brain structure that is located closest to the following portions of the ventricular system
Exam 2 PSYC 2022 Fall 1998 (2 points) What 2 nuclei are collectively called the striatum? (2 points) Match a brain structure that is located closest to the following portions of the ventricular system
More informationEFFECTS OF NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE INHIBITOR N G -NITRO-L-ARGININE METHYL ESTER ON SPATIAL AND CUED LEANING
Pergamon Neuroscience Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 837 841, 1998 Copyright 1998 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd Printed in Great Britain. All rights reserved PII: S0306-4522(97)00457-0 0306 4522/98 $19.00+0.00
More informationSynaptic Communication. Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota
Synaptic Communication Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota 1 Course News The first exam is next week on Friday! Be sure to checkout the sample exam on the course website. 2
More informationBR-16A (Mentat), A Herbal Preparation, Improves Learning and Memory Performance in Mice
[Indian Drugs (1993): (30), 3, 97] BR-16A (Mentat), A Herbal Preparation, Improves Learning and Memory Performance in Mice Kulkarni, S.K. and Anita Verma Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Punjab University,
More informationDrugs, addiction, and the brain
Drugs, addiction, and the brain Topics to cover: What is addiction? How is addiction studied in the lab? The neuroscience of addiction. Caffeine Cocaine Marijuana (THC) What are the properties of addiction?
More informationSAMPLE EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
SAMPLE EXAMINATION QUESTIONS PLEASE NOTE, THE QUESTIONS BELOW SAMPLE THE ENTIRE LECTURE COURSE AND THEREORE INCLUDE QUESTIONS ABOUT TOPICS THAT WE HAVE NOT YET COVERED IN CLASS. 1. Which of the following
More informationEvidence for Nootropic Effect of BR-16A (Mentat), A Herbal Psychotropic Preparation, in Mice
[Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology (1992): 36 (1), 29] Evidence for Nootropic Effect of BR-16A (), A Herbal Psychotropic Preparation, in Mice Kulkarni, S.K. and Anita Verma Department of Pharmaceutical
More informationBL-1020: First-in-Class GABA-Enhanced Antipsychotic For Schizophrenia
BL-1020: First-in-Class GABA-Enhanced Antipsychotic For Schizophrenia December 2012 Forward Looking Statements This presentation contains "forward-looking statements." These statements include words like
More informationManagement of Tobacco Dependence. Dr. Lokesh Kumar Singh Associate Professor Department of Psychiatry AIIMS, Raipur
Management of Tobacco Dependence Dr. Lokesh Kumar Singh Associate Professor Department of Psychiatry AIIMS, Raipur Difficult to identify any other condition that presents such a mix of lethality, prevalence,
More informationNICOTINE, MEMORY AND OXIDATIVE STRESS
NICOTINE, MEMORY AND OXIDATIVE STRESS LUCIAN HRITCU 1*, ALIN CIOBICA 1, SORIN STRATULAT 2 INTRODUCTION Tobacco smoke consists of thousands of compounds including nicotine. Although tobacco smoking is a
More informationThe Potential Effect of Caffeine and Nicotine Co-administration on the Induction of Alzheimer s disease
The Potential Effect of Caffeine and Nicotine Co-administration on the Induction of Alzheimer s disease Azza A Ali *, Hebatalla I Ahmed * Hanan A Abd El-Samea ** Ebtehal El-Demerdash *** * Pharmacology
More informationANIMAL MODELS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: ARE THEY VALID AND USEFUL?
ACTA NEUROBIOL. EXP. 1990, 50: 219-223 Symposium "Recovery from brain damage: behavioral and neurochemical approaches'' 4-7 July, 1989, Warsaw, Poland ANIMAL MODELS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: ARE THEY VALID
More informationChapter 4. Psychopharmacology. Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2004
Chapter 4 Psychopharmacology This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of
More informationEffects of Caffeine on Memory in Rats
Western University Scholarship@Western 2015 Undergraduate Awards The Undergraduate Awards 2015 Effects of Caffeine on Memory in Rats Cisse Nakeyar Western University, cnakeyar@uwo.ca Follow this and additional
More informationC81ADD Psychology of Addiction. Alcohol. Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) School of Psychology. Tobias Bast.
C81ADD Psychology of Addiction Alcohol Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) Tobias Bast School of Psychology tobias.bast@nottingham.ac.uk 1 Selected aspects of the psychopharmacology of alcohol (ethanol) Primary neuropharmacological
More informationNature Neuroscience: doi: /nn.4335
Supplementary Figure 1 Cholinergic neurons projecting to the VTA are concentrated in the caudal mesopontine region. (a) Schematic showing the sites of retrograde tracer injections in the VTA: cholera toxin
More informationBiological Psychology 2012 Spring 2005 Patterson
Final Exam Biological Psychology 2012 Spring 2005 Patterson There are two versions of this exam. You have version A. Before starting the exam, mark A on question 60. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative
More informationCommunication Between
Communication Between Neurons Bởi: OpenStaxCollege The electrical changes taking place within a neuron, as described in the previous section, are similar to a light switch being turned on. A stimulus starts
More informationThe Cerebral Cortex and Higher Intellectual Functions
The Cerebral Cortex and Higher Intellectual Functions Lobes in a lateral view of left hemisphere Atlas Fig.2-11 The Insula The Hidden Lobe Atlas Fig. 2-11 Atlas Fig. 2-39 Lobes in a lateral view of left
More informationNeural Communication. Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System. Communication in the Nervous System. 4 Common Components of a Neuron
Neural Communication Overview of CNS / PNS Electrical Signaling Chemical Signaling Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Somatic = sensory & motor Autonomic = arousal state Parasympathetic =
More informationMOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF DRUG ADDICTION. Sylvane Desrivières, SGDP Centre
1 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF DRUG ADDICTION Sylvane Desrivières, SGDP Centre Reward 2 Humans, as well as other organisms engage in behaviours that are rewarding The pleasurable feelings provide positive reinforcement
More informationExercise 6: Cardiovascular Physiology: Activity 4: Examining the Effects of Chemical Modifiers on Heart Rate Lab Report
Name: Rafael Paolo H Aquino Exercise 6: Cardiovascular Physiology: Activity 4: Examining the Effects of Chemical Modifiers on Heart Rate Lab Report Pre-lab Quiz Results You scored 100% by answering 4 out
More informationPreclinical Psychopharmacology: From Mechanisms & Molecules to Medicines
Preclinical Psychopharmacology: From Mechanisms & Molecules to Medicines Pradeep G. Bhide, Ph.D. Rodgers Eminent Scholar Chair of Developmental Neuroscience Director, Center for Brain Repair Florida State
More informationRhodiola rosea L- Standardized Extract on Passive
Research Article ISSN: 0976-5700 Rhodiola rosea L- Standardized Extract on Passive Avoidance in Rats Liliya Vl Vasileva 1,2,3*, Damyanka P Getova 3 1Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology,
More informationThe Cerebral Cortex and Higher Intellectual Functions
The Cerebral Cortex and Higher Intellectual Functions The Cerebral cortex consists of 2 cerebral hemisphere and each hemisphere consists of 5 lobes (frontal, parietal,temporal,occipital,insular lobe which
More informationNeurons: Structure and communication
Neurons: Structure and communication http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/gall1.html Common Components of a Neuron Dendrites Input, receives neurotransmitters Soma Processing, decision Axon Transmits
More informationThe Influence of Orexin Antagonist, SB , on Cognitive Flexibility
The Influence of Orexin Antagonist, SB-334867, on Cognitive Flexibility Zoey Forrester-Fronstin Mentor: Dr. Aileen Bailey, Ph.D. St. Mary s College of Maryland Alzheimer s Disease Alzheimer s Association,
More informationIf you give any person a prescription of something like Valium and have them take it on
As always I am happy to do this presentation, which is my favorite topic in addiction medicine. I am an internist, and I have done healthcare for the homeless in Springfield as well as been the medical
More informationnucleus accumbens septi hier-259 Nucleus+Accumbens birnlex_727
Nucleus accumbens From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Brain: Nucleus accumbens Nucleus accumbens visible in red. Latin NeuroNames MeSH NeuroLex ID nucleus accumbens septi hier-259 Nucleus+Accumbens birnlex_727
More informationMaking Every Little Bit Count: Parkinson s Disease. SHP Neurobiology of Development and Disease
Making Every Little Bit Count: Parkinson s Disease SHP Neurobiology of Development and Disease Parkinson s Disease Initially described symptomatically by Dr. James Parkinson in 1817 in An Essay on the
More informationIntroduction. up regulated include genes associated with stress response, DNA repair and
Introduction Ageing is the biological process characterized by the progressive and irreversible loss of physiological function accompanied by increasing mortality with advancing age. It is a complex physiological
More informationThe Effects of Benzodiazepines on Ingestive Behavior. Hannah Dinnen & Ivy Far
The Effects of Benzodiazepines on Ingestive Behavior Hannah Dinnen & Ivy Far Submitted as partial fulfillment of the senior research thesis requirement of the psychology major at Wofford College 1 Abstract
More informationRimonabant for treating tobacco dependence
REVIEW Rimonabant for treating tobacco dependence Michael B Steinberg 1,2 Jonathan Foulds 1 1 University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey School of Public Health, Tobacco Dependence Program, New
More information- Neurotransmitters Of The Brain -
- Neurotransmitters Of The Brain - INTRODUCTION Synapsis: a specialized connection between two neurons that permits the transmission of signals in a one-way fashion (presynaptic postsynaptic). Types of
More informationAdvanced Receptor Psychopharmacology
Advanced Receptor Psychopharmacology Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc. 2017 Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc., Rockville, MD February 2017 Lundbeck,
More informationNervous System (cont)
Nervous System (cont) Dopamine Deals with motor movement and alertness. Lack of dopamine has been linked to Parkinson s disease. Too much has been linked to schizophrenia. Endorphins Involved in pain control.
More informationRecent Advances in Energy, Environment, Biology and Ecology
Acute and long-term effects elicited by psychoactive drugs on 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations in rats: development of a new experimental tool for the study of drug-mediated reward NICOLA SIMOLA Department
More informationNeurochemistry 2. Loewi s experiment
Neurochemistry 2 Loewi s experiment Cengage Learning 2016 AP reaches the axon terminal and activates voltage-gated Ca++ channels (3 major classes). Ca++ influx results in exocytosis of neurotransmitters
More information1. Approximately what percentage of children and adolescents experience a psychological disorder at any given time?
Lesson 1 Quiz 1. Approximately what percentage of children and adolescents experience a psychological disorder at any given time? 10 to 20 10 to 20% of children suffer from at least one diagnosable psychological
More informationGlutamate Overview. How can one neurotransmitter have so many diverse functions?
tamate Overview How can one neurotransmitter have so many diverse functions? Darryle Schoepp, Ph.D. Senior Vice President and Franchise Head, Neuroscience Control of Excitability via Amino Acid Neurotransmitters
More informationSynapse. Structure & Function. Neurotransmitter Sequence. Integration. History: 10/4/12 original version
Synapse History: 10/4/12 original version Structure & Function (This content is covered in Sinjin's presentation, see link in calendar) Neurotransmitters Synaptic cleft Post-synaptic potential Excitation
More informationCouncil on Chemical Abuse Annual Conference November 2, The Science of Addiction: Rewiring the Brain
Council on Chemical Abuse Annual Conference November 2, 2017 The Science of Addiction: Rewiring the Brain David Reyher, MSW, CAADC Behavioral Health Program Director Alvernia University Defining Addiction
More informationLisa M. Giocomo & Michael E. Hasselmo
Mol Neurobiol (2007) 36:184 200 DOI 10.1007/s12035-007-0032-z Neuromodulation by Glutamate and Acetylcholine can Change Circuit Dynamics by Regulating the Relative Influence of Afferent Input and Excitatory
More informationEffects of the histamine H 3 receptor antagonist ABT-239 on cognition and nicotine-induced memory enhancement in mice
Pharmacological Reports 12, 64, 1316 1325 ISSN 1734-11 Copyright 12 by Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences Effects of the histamine H 3 receptor antagonist ABT-239 on cognition and nicotine-induced
More informationprocesses in the central nervous system (CNS), affecting many of the during the course of ethanol treatment. Ethanol stimulates the release of
INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Neuroscience research is essential for understanding the biological basis of ethanol-related brain alterations and for identifying the molecular targets for therapeutic compounds
More informationThe Biology of Addiction
The Biology of Addiction Risk factors for addiction: Biological/Genetic Family history of addiction Being male Having mental illness Exposure to substances in utero * The genes that people are born with
More informationDevelopmental regulation of Medium Spiny Neuron dendritic arborization. Lorene M. Lanier Department of Neuroscience
Developmental regulation of Medium Spiny Neuron dendritic arborization Lorene M. Lanier Department of Neuroscience Diversity in dendritic arbors Pyramidal Purkinje Medium Spiny http://youtu.be/_tqpca6wx84
More informationCourse Calendar
Clinical Neuroscience BMS 6706C Charles, Ph.D., Course Director charles.ouimet@med.fsu.edu (850) 644-2271 2004 2005 Course Calendar Click here to return to the syllabus Meeting Hours for entire semester:
More informationThe Effect of Scopolamine on Avoidance Memory and Hippocampal Neurons in Male Wistar Rats
The Effect of Scopolamine on Avoidance Memory and Hippocampal Neurons in Male Wistar Rats Saba Seifhosseini 1, Mehrdad Jahanshahi 2,*, Ali Moghimi 3, Nasrin-Sadat Aazami 4 1. Department of Biology, Faculty
More informationESSENTIAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, Neurobiology of Schizophrenia Carl Salzman MD Montreal
ESSENTIAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, 2011 Neurobiology of Schizophrenia Carl Salzman MD Montreal EVOLVING CONCEPTS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA Psychotic illness with delusions, hallucinations, thought disorder and deterioration;
More informationbiological psychology, p. 40 The study of the nervous system, especially the brain. neuroscience, p. 40
biological psychology, p. 40 The specialized branch of psychology that studies the relationship between behavior and bodily processes and system; also called biopsychology or psychobiology. neuroscience,
More informationCogs 107b Systems Neuroscience Lecture 7: 02/02/16 neuromodulators and drugs of abuse principle of the week:
Cogs 107b Systems Neuroscience www.thiscourse.com/ucsd/cogs107b/wi16 Lecture 7: 02/02/16 neuromodulators and drugs of abuse principle of the week: funcdonal anatomy neurotransmitters: mediating information
More informationBehavioural Brain Research
Behavioural Brain Research 203 (2009) 316 320 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Behavioural Brain Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/bbr Short communication Context dependent effects
More informationCommunication Between Neurons *
OpenStax-CNX module: m46503 1 Communication Between Neurons * OpenStax This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 By the end of this section,
More information590,000 deaths can be attributed to an addictive substance in some way
Mortality and morbidity attributable to use of addictive substances in the United States. The Association of American Physicians from 1999 60 million tobacco smokers in the U.S. 14 million dependent on
More informationEffects of lesions of the nucleus accumbens core and shell on response-specific Pavlovian i n s t ru mental transfer
Effects of lesions of the nucleus accumbens core and shell on response-specific Pavlovian i n s t ru mental transfer RN Cardinal, JA Parkinson *, TW Robbins, A Dickinson, BJ Everitt Departments of Experimental
More informationNeuropharmacology NOTES
Neuropharmacology NOTES Contents Topic Page # Lecture 1- Intro to Neurochemical Transmission & Neuromodulation 2 Lecture 2- Serotonin & Noradrenaline 7 Lecture 3- Acetylcholine & Dopamine 14 Lecture 4-
More informationThe Nervous System Mark Stanford, Ph.D.
The Nervous System Functional Neuroanatomy and How Neurons Communicate Mark Stanford, Ph.D. Santa Clara Valley Health & Hospital System Addiction Medicine and Therapy Services The Nervous System In response
More informationUnit 2 Multiple Choice test
Name: Date: 1. Resting potential is to action potential as is to. A) adrenal gland; pituitary gland B) sensory neuron; motor neuron C) temporal lobe; occipital lobe D) polarization; depolarization E) dendrite;
More informationAbstract. Introduction. R.N. Takahashi 1, O. Berton 2,3, P. Mormède 2 and F. Chaouloff 2
Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research (21) 34: 675-682 Effects of diazepam and SB 26553 in SHR and Lewis rats ISSN 1-879X 675 Strain-dependent effects of diazepam and the 5-HT 2B/2C receptor
More informationThe study of drugs. Pharmacology
The study of drugs Pharmacology Psychopharmacology The study of psychoactive drugs Psychoactive drugs Drugs that influence psychological processes mood emotion perception cognition behavior Psychoactive
More informationPSY 302 Lecture 6: The Neurotransmitters (continued) September 12, 2017 Notes by: Desiree Acetylcholine (ACh) CoA + Acetate Acetyl-CoA (mitochondria) (food, vinegar) + Choline ChAT CoA + ACh (lipids, foods)
More informationModeling Excitatory and Inhibitory Chemical Synapses
In review, a synapse is the place where signals are transmitted from a neuron, the presynaptic neuron, to another cell. This second cell may be another neuron, muscle cell or glandular cell. If the second
More informationCurricular Requirement 3: Biological Bases of Behavior
Curricular Requirement 3: Biological Bases of Behavior Name: Period: Due Key Terms for CR 3: Biological Bases of Behavior Key Term Definition Application Acetylcholine (Ach) Action potential Adrenal glands
More informationExpanding Mindfulness as a Core Treatment Skill for Men and Women With Cognitive Deficits Thomas G. Beckers BS, LADC Vinland Center
Expanding Mindfulness as a Core Treatment Skill for Men and Women With Cognitive Deficits Thomas G. Beckers BS, LADC Vinland Center What Are We Going to Cover? To gain understanding of the nature of addiction
More informationThe Role of Smoking in Cocaine. Addiction
The Role of Smoking in Cocaine Addiction Luca Colnaghi Eric Kandel Laboratory Columbia University in the City of New York Department of Neuroscience Index 1- The Brain, memory, metaplasticity 2- Cocaine
More informationBasal Ganglia General Info
Basal Ganglia General Info Neural clusters in peripheral nervous system are ganglia. In the central nervous system, they are called nuclei. Should be called Basal Nuclei but usually called Basal Ganglia.
More informationATTENUATION OF STRESS-INDUCED BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS BY AZADIRACHTA INDICA (NEEM): ROLE OF SEROTONIN
Pak. J. Bot., 38(1): 131-138, 26. ATTENUATION OF STRESS-INDUCED BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS BY AZADIRACHTA INDICA (NEEM): ROLE OF SEROTONIN NOREEN SAMAD, TAHIRA PARVEEN, SAIDA HAIDER AND DARAKHSHAN JABEEN HALEEM
More informationCephalization. Nervous Systems Chapter 49 11/10/2013. Nervous systems consist of circuits of neurons and supporting cells
Nervous Systems Chapter 49 Cephalization Nervous systems consist of circuits of neurons and supporting cells Nervous system organization usually correlates with lifestyle Organization of the vertebrate
More informationRole of adenosine in drug-induced catatonia in mice
Indian Journal of Experimental Biology Vol. 40, August 2002, pp. 882-888 Role of adenosine in drug-induced catatonia in mice Amanpreet Singh & S K Kulkarni* Pharmacology Division, University Institute
More informationAbdulrahman Nidal. Ameen Alsaras. Faisal I. Mohammed
13 Abdulrahman Nidal Ameen Alsaras Faisal I. Mohammed Recall that Acetyl Choline is synthesized from the reaction between Acetyl Coenzyme A (Acetyl CoA) with Choline under the presence of Choline acetyltransferase
More informationNeuro Basics SLO Practice (online) Page 1 of 5
Neuro Basics SLO Practice (online) Page 1 of 5 1) Biogenic amines include ACh, NE, EPI and? a) Melatonin b) Dopamine c) Serotonin d) Histamine e) All of the neurotransmitters listed are biogenic amines.
More informationCell body, axon, dendrite, synapse
SOME BASIC NEUROSCIENCE Neurons have specialised extensions 1: Label the parts of a neuron by selecting the correct term from the box below. Cell body, axon, dendrite, synapse 1 dendrite synapse cell body
More information^ PRIMER OF DRUG ACTION A comprehensive gyide to the actions, uses, and side effects of psychoactive drugs
^ PRIMER OF DRUG ACTION A comprehensive gyide to the actions, uses, and side effects of psychoactive drugs wm, ROBERT M.JULIEN M.D.. PH.D. Claire D. Advokat, Ph.D. Louisiana State University and Joseph
More informationThe Neuroscience of Addiction: A mini-review
The Neuroscience of Addiction: A mini-review Jim Morrill, MD, PhD MGH Charlestown HealthCare Center Massachusetts General Hospital Disclosures Neither I nor my spouse/partner has a relevant financial relationship
More informationCourse Calendar - Neuroscience
2006-2007 Course Calendar - Neuroscience Meeting Hours for entire semester: Monday - Friday 1:00-2:20 p.m. Room 1200, COM August 28 August 29 August 30 August 31 September 1 Course introduction, Neurocytology:
More informationBasic and Clinical Spring 2012, Volume 3, Number 3
The Effect of Nicotine Administration on Physical and Psychological Signs of Withdrawal Syndrome Induced by Single or Frequent Doses of Morphine in Rats Ahmad Taghavi Rafsanjani 1, Abbas Haghparast 2,
More informationNeurotransmitters involved in Behavior. The Orchestra in the Brain
Neurotransmitters involved in Behavior The Orchestra in the Brain Nervous System Input External and internal stimuli Nervous System Processing Retrieval Storage Routing to different regions Output Motor
More informationThe Nervous System. Anatomy of a Neuron
The Nervous System Chapter 38.1-38.5 Anatomy of a Neuron I. Dendrites II. Cell Body III. Axon Synaptic terminal 1 Neuron Connections dendrites cell body terminal cell body cell body terminals dendrites
More information