About the PCTB Examination Assisting the Pharmacist in Serving Patients p. 1 Filling the Medication Order p. 3 Receiving the Medication Order p.

Transcription

1 Preface p. ix About the PCTB Examination p. xii Assisting the Pharmacist in Serving Patients p. 1 Filling the Medication Order p. 3 Receiving the Medication Order p. 4 The Retail Medication Order p. 6 The Written Prescription Order p. 6 Adding Information to the Prescription Form p. 10 Authentication and Clarification of the Prescription Order p. 10 Accepting Refill Requests p. 11 Refill Authorizations p. 12 Prescriptions for Schedule II (Controlled Substance) Drugs p. 12 Receiving Prescriptions by Electronic Means p. 12 The Institutional Pharmacy p. 12 Comparison of Medication Orders in Retail and Institutional Settings p. 15 Chapter Review Questions p. 16 Processing the Medication Order p. 18 The Dosage Form p. 19 Administering the Drug--The Route of Administration p. 24 Interpreting the Prescription Order p. 27 Dispensing the Correct Medication p. 30 Automated Unit Dose Delivery Systems p. 31 Comparison of Drug Dispensing in Retail and Institutional Settings p. 32 Chapter Review Questions p. 33 Preparation and Utilization of the Patient Profile p. 34 The Patient Profile p. 35 Comparison of Patient Profiles in Institutional and Retail Settings p. 38 Chapter Review Questions p. 39 Handling Medications p. 41 Obtaining the Correct Medication from Inventory p. 42 Choosing the Proper Container for Dispensing p. 46 Properly Labeling the Container p. 47 Intravenous Admixtures and Injections p. 51 Chapter Review Questions p. 53 Proper Storage and Delivery of Drug Products p. 55 Proper Storage of Drug Products p. 55 Dosage Forms and Drug Stability p. 56 Determining the Proper Storage Conditions for a Drug p. 57 Importance of Proper Packaging and Use p. 59 Importance of Cleanliness and Sanitation During Storage p. 60 Preparation of Unit Doses p. 60

2 Chapter Review Questions p. 63 Receiving Payment for Goods and Services p. 65 Receipt of Payment for Pharmacy Services p. 65 Calculation of the Price of the Medication p. 66 Profit and Markup p. 67 Chapter Review Questions p. 67 Pharmaceutical Calculations p. 69 Fractions, Decimals, and Algebra Review p. 70 Using Fractions p. 71 Use of Algebra in Pharmaceutical Calculations p. 76 Rounding Numbers p. 77 Using Roman Numerals p. 78 Chapter Review Questions p. 80 Systems of Measurement p. 81 Common Systems of Measurement p. 82 International Units and Milliequivalents p. 82 Converting between Systems of Measurement p. 84 Chapter Review Questions p. 88 Using Percentages and Ratios p. 89 Percentage: A Unit of Measure Expressed in Parts per 100 p. 89 Using Drug Concentrations Expressed as a Ratio p. 93 Chapter Review Questions p. 95 Measuring Equipment p. 97 Types of Measurement p. 98 Measuring Solids p. 102 Chapter Review Questions p. 104 Conversion of Solid Dosage Forms p. 106 Dosage Conversion--Solid Dosage Forms p. 106 Converting between Measurement Systems p. 109 Chapter Review Questions p. 109 Conversion of Liquid Dosage Forms p. 111 Converting between Liquid and Solid Dosage Forms p. 111 Chapter Review Questions p. 115 Pediatric Dosages p. 116 Computation of Doses on the Basis of Body Weight or Surface Area p. 116 Computation of Dose by Body Surface Area (BSA) p. 117 Safe Dosages p. 120 Chapter Review Questions p. 123 Parenteral Dosages p. 124 Parenteral Dosage Forms p. 124 Calculation of Parenteral Doses p. 125

3 Proper Dilution of Drugs for Injection p. 127 Chapter Review Questions p. 129 Intravenous Calculations p. 130 Preparing Intravenous Medication for Administration p. 130 Chapter Review Questions p. 134 Intravenous Admixtures p. 135 Infusing Medications Over Time--The IV Drip and Admixture p. 135 Chapter Review Questions p. 139 Calculation of Dose per Time p. 140 Calculation of Drug Dose as a Function of Time p. 140 Chapter Review Questions p. 143 Compounding p. 145 Compounding Drugs by Procedure p. 145 Reducing and Enlarging Formulas p. 146 Making Preparations by Percentage p. 147 Making Solutions by Percentage p. 148 Chapter Review Questions p. 148 Commercial Calculations p. 150 Cost and Markup p. 150 Chapter Review Questions p. 152 Math Test with Solutions p. 153 Pharmacology p. 161 Introduction to Pharmacology p. 162 Introduction p. 163 Form vs. Use--Recognizing Various Forms of a Generic Drug p. 163 Proprietary Drug Nomenclature p. 164 Understanding the Pharmacology of Chemotherapeutic Agents p. 165 Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics--What Happens to the Drug after it is Administered? p. 166 Drug Clearance and Drug Elimination p. 169 The Adverse Effect Profile p. 171 Drug-Drug Interactions p. 172 Drug-Drug Interactions--Competition for Drug Clearance p. 174 Additive, Synergistic, and Antagonistic Effects p. 178 Blood Laboratory Values p. 182 Chapter Review Questions p. 183 Central Nervous System Agents p. 186 Antidepressants p. 186 Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) p. 188 Serotonin Receptor Agonists (SRAs) p. 192 Tricyclic Antidepressants p. 192 Tetracyclic Antidepressants p. 196

4 Heterocyclic Antidepressants p. 197 Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors p. 198 Unclassified Antidepressants p. 200 Sedative Hypnotics p. 201 Drugs Used for Anxiety p. 204 Drugs Used in the Therapy of Insomnia and Sleep Disorders p. 205 Drugs Used in the Therapy of Seizures p. 207 Drugs Used in the Therapy of Alzheimer's Disease p. 221 Drugs Used in the Therapy of Schizophrenia (Antipsychotics) p. 223 Chapter Review Questions p. 229 Pain Management Agents: Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Narcotics p. 233 Drugs Used in the Therapy of Pain and Inflammation p. 234 Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs p. 234 Nonsteroidal Pain Relievers p. 238 Narcotic Analgesics p. 239 Chapter Review Questions p. 245 Cardiovascular System Agents p. 247 Drugs That Affect the Cardiovascular System p. 248 Drugs That Affect the Autonomic Nervous System p. 248 Drugs Used to Decrease Fluid Volume (Diuretics) p. 274 Drugs Used to Reduce Blood Cholesterol p. 278 Drugs That Affect the Blood and Blood Clotting p. 280 Chapter Review Questions p. 282 Pulmonary Agents p. 285 Chapter Review Questions p. 290 Antibiotics and Anti-infectives p. 291 Antibiotics and Anti-infectives p. 291 Cephalosporin Antibiotics p. 297 Drugs That Are Effective against Virus and Fungi p. 308 Antiretroviral Drugs (Used in the Therapy of AIDS) p. 310 Chapter Review Questions p. 313 Cancer Chemotherapeutic Agents p. 316 Choice of Therapy p. 317 Major Chemotherapeutic Drugs, by Class p. 319 Antimetabolite Antineoplastic Drugs p. 324 Pyrimidine Antagonists p. 326 Drugs Used in Combination with Cancer Chemotherapy p. 339 Drugs Used in the Therapy of Emesis p. 340 Chapter Review Questions p. 341 Gastrointestinal System Agents p. 343 Histamine (H2) Receptor Antagonists p. 344

5 Proton Pump Inhibitors p. 346 Chapter Review Questions p. 351 Endocrine System and Reproductive System Agents p. 354 The Therapy of Diabetes Mellitus p. 355 Therapy of Type I Diabetes p. 355 Drugs That Affect the Reproductive System p. 364 Chapter Review Questions p. 369 Vitamins p. 372 Water Soluble Vitamins p. 373 Chapter Review Questions p. 377 Pharmacology Review p. 379 Pharmacy Law p. 383 State and Federal Regulations p. 384 The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act p. 385 The Controlled Substances Act p. 389 The Federal Hazardous Substances Act p. 391 The Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act p. 394 The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) p. 395 Chapter Review Questions p. 398 State and Federal Regulatory Agencies p. 402 Federal Regulatory Agencies p. 403 Regulation at the Institutional Level p. 407 Chapter Review Questions p. 408 Law and Ethics in the Practice of Pharmacy p. 410 Receiving Prescriptions p. 411 Verifying the Prescription p. 412 Prescriptions Generated by Electronic Means p. 413 Drug Refills p. 413 Controlled Substance Registration p. 414 Handling Controlled Substances p. 414 Liability and Ethics p. 416 Chapter Review Questions p. 417 Maintaining Medication and Inventory Control Systems p. 419 Stocking the Pharmacy p. 421 The Drug Formulary p. 421 Ordering and Receipt of Drug Products and Devices p. 423 Ordering Controlled Substances (Schedule Drugs) p. 425 Chapter Review Questions p. 425 Maintenance of Pharmaceutical Products p. 427 Maintenance of Drug Products in Inventory p. 427 Proper Storage Conditions and Expiration Dates p. 428

6 Handling Expired Medications and Drug Recalls p. 429 Classification of Drug Recalls p. 430 Drug Recapture and Disposal p. 431 Chapter Review Questions p. 431 Administration and Management of Pharmacy Practice p. 433 Using Computers in the Pharmacy p. 435 The Components of a Computer p. 436 Use of Computers in Pharmacy Practice p. 438 Chapter Review Questions p. 440 Communications within the Pharmacy p. 441 Role of the Pharmacist in Communication p. 443 Chapter Review Questions p. 447 Top 200 Frequently Prescribed Drugs and Their Uses p. 449 Commonly Used Medical Abbreviations p. 456 Pretest with Answers p. 461 Sample Examination and Answer Sheet; Answers for Scoring p. 488 Solutions to Questions for Review p. 507 Glossary p. 549 Suggested Reading p. 571 Index p. 573 Table of Contents provided by Blackwell's Book Services and R.R. Bowker. Used with permission.