Drug Presentat on. Biology Honors - Per. 3

Transcription

1 Drug Presentat on Biology Honors - Per. 3

2 Alcohol How it works: - First it absorbs into system through the stomach(20%)and the intestines(80%) - After in the blood stream it starts to effect your brain - It lessens the amount of neurotransmitter glutamate(excititory) and your brain uses more gaba(inhibitory) A flammable, volatile liquid used to spike wine, beer, spirits and other drinks If consumed in excess, can be used to the point of inebriation in which the host loses sharpness of senses If consumed in extreme excess, alcohol can lead to illness (liver diseases and cancer) or death Excessive use can affect judgment and may lead to increased violence, hypersexual actions, injuries, or other forms of inappropriate behavior. Alcohol can be very addictive if not initially taken in moderation, and also depending on one s taste in beverages containing alcohol

3 Alcohol SHORT-TERM EFFECTS: Drowsiness Headaches Breathing difficulties Upset stomach Blackouts (where the drinker cannot remember certain events that occurred) Distorted vision and hearing LONG-TERM EFFECTS: Cancer of the mouth and throat Alcohol poisoning Nerve damage Permanent damage to the brain High blood pressure Liver disease Statistics: Approximately 17 million adults ages 18 and older had an AUD (Alcohol Use Disorders) in This includes 11.2 million men 5.7 million women. According to a 2012 study, more than 10 percent of U.S. children live with a parent with alcohol problems.

4 Anabolic Steroids weight trainers, gym candy, pumpers, juice, roids,levels: stackers Addiction undetermined percentage of steroid abusers can become addicted to the drug as shown through continued abuse despite physical problems and negative effects on social relations they can experience withdrawal symptoms when they stop taking steroids like mood swings, fatigue, restlessness, loss of appetite, insomnia, reduced sex drive, steroid cravings, and depression ( some depressive symptoms associated with steroids withdrawal have been known to persist for years) What is it? How does it work? Directly adds testosterone to the body. Doesn t affect CNS Promote the growth of skeletal muscle. Used by people that have a slow testosterone growth level. Athletes hope to gain weight, strength, speed, endurance, etc. Once ingested, travels through blood stream to muscle tissue. Taken into receiving dock (androgen receptor), then steroid can interact with DNA, or stimulate protein synthesis process, which promotes cell growth. Athletes experiment with different combinations of steroids to get the build they want. Called (stacking or pyramiding). Taken orally, injected or a cream or gel.

5 Anabolic Steroids Short-Term Effects: acne, hostility, aggression MALES- shrunken testicles, hair loss, difficulty in urinating, increased risk of prostate cancer, and development of breasts FEMALES- decreased body fat and breast size, changes in menstrual cycle, excessive growth of body and facial hair, male pattern baldness and a deep voice Long-Term Effects: severe acne, fluid retention, high blood pressure, increased risk of blood clotting, increase in bad cholesterol, decrease in good cholesterol, jaundice (yellowish pigment of the skin), liver cysts and cancer, increased risk of getting hepatitis, HIV and kidney cancer Statistics: Up to 6% of male teens use steroids by the time they are seniors in high school. People abusing steroids may take anywhere from 1 to upwards of a 100 times normal therapeutic doses of anabolic steroids. Over 1,000,000 americans have admitted to trying steroids at least once. Natural steroids produced/used by the body, Synthetic steroids are administered

6 Cocaine Common and Street Names: Coke, Coca, C, Snow, Flake, Blow, Bump, Candy, Charlie, Rock, Toot What is it?: Highly addictive stimulant drug made from coca plant leaves found in South America that comes in two forms: Powder cocaine -a white powder -snorted up the nose, or mixed with water and injected with a needle -4.6% of 12 graders use this in lifetime Crack -process cocaine into a rock crystal for smoking -Smoked in a glass pipe created vapors that enter the lungs -1.8% of 12 graders use this in lifetime

7 Cocaine What it does to the body: Cocaine prevents the neurotransmitter dopamine from being recycled, causing a buildup of these transmitters. These transmitters are responsible for making people feel good when they do something they enjoy. Creates feeling of intense pleasure. Very addictive because the high effects don t last long and a strong crash soon follows and lasts for days. This makes a psychological dependence very easy to develop. Statistics: Effects: Short Term: Long Term: Higher body temperature Loss of sleep Higher blood pressure Weight loss from lack of appetite Stomach sickness Increased risk of Heart attack and Stroke from high blood pressure can disrupt how the brain s dopamine system works Age group % used in lifetime and older 16.50

8 Cough and Cold Medicines (DXM) 75% of the people who use cough medicine to get high are between 9 and 17 years of age. Promethazine-codeine cough syrup (aka Cough Syrup ) a medication that contains codeine, an opioid that acts as a cough suppressant and can also produce relaxation and euphoria contains promethazine HCl, a sedative. Dextromethorphan (aka DXM) a cough suppressant and expectorant found in many OTC cold medicines may produce euphoria and dissociative effects or even hallucinations when taken in quantities greater than recommended How they re taken are usually consumed orally in a tablet, capsule, or syrup form may be mixed with soda for flavor and are often abused in combination with other drugs, such as alcohol or marijuana

9 Cough and Cold Medicines (DXM) Addictivity cause a pleasurable increase in the amount of dopamine in the brain s reward pathway Repeated use leads to physical and psychological addiction bad withdrawls. Short Term Effects Euphoria Auditory hallucinations Distorted visual perceptions The individual can feel disassociated from their body Hyper excitability hot or cold flashes. Increased heart rate. Long Term Effects memory disturbances, depression, liver problems, and can lead to coma or death

10 Inhalants Common/Street Names: Texas Shoe Shine, Oz, Moon Gas, Aroma of men, Toncho, Whippets, Toilet Water, Whiteout What it is: Inhalants can be both synthetic and natural. Anything with fumes. ex: paint, bleach, sharpies, glue, air freshener, liquids, gasses, sprays, nitrites ext. How it works: It persuades the brain to artificially release reward hormones, making inhaling a pleasant activity. Short term effects: Slow down body functions, slight stimulation, less inhibition, loss of consciousness, become violent, experience hallucinations, suffer heart dysfunction, results similar to Fetal Alcohol Syndrome when pregnant, and Sudden Sniffing Death Syndrome/death.

11 Inhalants Addiction Levels: Both psychological and physical addictions can occur. Habitual users can suffer withdrawal symptoms including: nausea, excessive sweating, muscle cramps, headaches, chills, shaking with hallucinations. Severe cases withdrawal can cause convulsions Long term effects: long term damage to the heart, kidney, brain, liver, bone marrow and other organs, death, results similar to Fetal Alcohol Syndrome when pregnant, death/sudden Sniffing Death Syndrome Statistics: -The number of lives claimed by Inhalant Abuse each year is unknown because these deaths often are attributed to other causes. -1 in 4 students in America has intentionally abused a common household product to get high by the time they reach the eighth grade.

12 Marijuana (Weed, Pot, Dope, Grass, Mary Jane) A dried plant that can be burned and inhaled through a joint or pipe or through a vape pen Classified as a hallucinogen known as THC When smoked, THC passes through lungs and into the bloodstream, thus carrying it to various organs like the brain. Immediately increases heart rate, lessens coordination, and causes a dreamy state of mind. 9% of people who use marijuana become dependent on it. Mostly only has a psychological addiction with withdrawal symptoms like anxiety, mood swings or depression

13 Marijuana 42% of people in the US have tried marijuana at least once. Over 800,000 people are arrested for marijuana use in the US each year. When used heavily when young, it can cause permanent brain damage that affects memory loss Many heavy users end up having mental problems such as schizophrenia or depression. Unsafe to drive while high on marijuana because it decreases motor skills and reaction time Causes lung problems Puts users at much higher risk of heart attack

14 MDMA (Ecstasy) Molly, Adam, Love Drug, Scooby Snacks, Cadillac What is it? Synthetic, MDMA crystalline powder in capsules Energizing effect, 3-6 hours How does it work? increases activity of neurotransmitters serotonin dopamine norepinephrine Addictive? Psychological Dependence Physiological Withdrawl Tolerance

15 MDMA (Ecstasy) Short Term Effects: increased alertness, hyperness, enhanced senses of perception negative effects visible mental internal organs Long Term Effects: Damage to portions of the brain Dramatic causes to respiratory system Disturbing emotional reactions

16 Prescription Pain Medications (Opioids) natural medications relieve pain and reduce the intensity of pain signals reaching the brain affect areas of brain controlling emotion, lowers stimulus Examples: hydrocodone (Vicodin) oxycodone (OxyContin and Percocet) morphine (Kadian and Avinza) codeine Hydrocodone- most commonly prescribed for painful conditions dental and injury-related pain act by attaching to specific proteins called opioid receptors found in the brain, spinal cord, gastrointestinal tract reduce perception of pain can be taken in different forms OxyContin: oral medication, used to treat moderate to severe pain, can abuse it by snorting or injecting it

17 Prescription Pain Medications (Opioids) if addicted withdrawal symptoms may occur if drug use is suddenly reduced or stopped symptoms may include : restlessness, muscle and bone pain, Long Term Effect: Brain functioning - affects the amount of oxygen that reaches the brain, known as hypoxia Short Term Effect: drowsiness, constipation, slow breathing, coma, nausea Opioid addiction on the brain affects decision- making abilities and behavior 14% of the young people taking an antidepressant become violent/ overly aggressive About 52 million Americans have used prescription drugs - including opioids

18 Prescription Stimulant Medications (Amphetamines & Methylphenidates) Amphetamine (Adderall) Street Names: Speed, Bennies, Black Beauties, Crosses, Hearts, LA Turnaround, Truck Drivers, Uppers Methylphenidate (Ritalin) Street Names: JIF, MPH, R-ball, Skippy, The Smart Drug, Vitamin R They are synthetic prescription drugs prescribed for a few health conditions like ADHD and Narcolepsy. They increase alertness, attention, and energy.

19 Prescription Stimulant Medications (Amphetamines & Methylphenidates) Usually in form of pills, abusers will crush them and snort them or just take too many or someone else s More than 50% of drug overdose deaths in the US are from prescription drug abuse Can be highly physiologically addictive; withdrawal symptoms include thoughts of suicide, feeling tired, lack of energy, and intense drug cravings

20 Psilocybin (Mushrooms) Street names:magic Mushrooms, Shrooms, Hallucinogens What is it? A mushroom that contains psilocybin and psilocin How does it work? When eaten, the compounds cause hallucinations, euphoria and trippy symptoms. They do this by boosting the brain s connectivity so the brain connects areas of the brain that are not normally connected.

21 Psilocybin (Mushrooms) Addiction level: The drug is not physically addicting, but can be habit forming. Short term effects:dilated pupils, Increase or loss of appetite, Changes in personality, Euphoria, Increased heart rate, Distorted perceptions Long term effects: Chances of psychotic episode (anxiety, paranoia, and panic attacks) with people that have a pre-existing mental illness Statistics: 1.1 million people from age 12 or older reporting using hallucinogens in 2007 used it during the past 12 months

22 Synthetic Marijuana Spice is a synthetic drug that attempts to recreate the effects of marijuana. Uses a complex variety of synthetic cannabinoids are used to recreate the effect of marijuana, while also avoiding the laws that make marijuana illegal Synthetic Marijuana is known to have much harsher side effects than natural marijuana.

23 Synthetic Marijuana Street/Brand Names : Herbal Incense, Herbal Smoking Blends,K2, Spice, Black Mamba, Bombay Blue, Genie, Scooby Snax, Zohai, Bliss, Blaze, Synthetic Cannabis, Yucatan Fire, Moon Rocks and Bonzai Side Effects : Accelerated heartbeat, high blood pressure, nausea, blurred vision, hallucination, agitation, potential addiction, epileptic seizures, heart attacks, sent one individual into a coma and also has one recorded death due to overdose.