Challenges for Latin America s. Information on Drug Consumption
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1 Challenges for Latin America s Information on Drug Consumption Fatima Marinho, MD, MPH, PHD Coordinator of Information and Health Analysis - PAHO International Day against Drug Abuse & Illicit Trafficking Jun 26th 2012
2 Fuentes de información n en Salud Estudios y encuestas: prevalencia, incidencia, factores de riesgo, carga de enfermedad etc. Fuentes rutinarias: morbilidad servicios de salud; mortalidad - sistema de información de mortalidad clasificación internacional de enfermedades
3 According to WHO, the majority of countries in the Region of the Americas (50%) reported cocaine to be the main psychoactive substance at treatment entry. Fuente: WHO. ATLAS on Substance Use (2010) ATLAS on Substance Use (2010)
4 Mortality rates (100,000) due to diseases fully alcohol-attributable. attributable. Selected countries in the Americas 2007 El Salvador Guatemala Nicaragua Mexico Brazil Chile Peru Venezuela United States Cuba Canada Age-adjusted rates/100,000 Source: Regional Mortality System/HA/HSD/PAHO (updated May 2011)
5 Deaths due to illicit substance abuse ICD-10 F14, F15, F18 & F19 1,925 deaths in 2008 in the whole Region
6 Drug Abuse & Illicit Trafficking and violence Is there a relation between homicide and drug traffic?
7 Homicides fact sheets Around 1,150,000 people died by homicide in the past 10 years ( ), in the Americas; the homicide rate/100,000 was 15 in this period. The rates varied from 31 in Andean sub-region to 6 in North America. The trend is flat. The homicides rates have been declining in Colombia and increasing in Venezuela, Mexico and Central America. Men showed a higher risk compared to women in all sub regions; overall the relative risk was 8 times bigger for males than females (95% CI [7.2, 9.7]). The age group 15 to 24 is at the higher risk to dye from a homicide. Homicides rates are higher in more unequal countries: the risk of a man to be a victim of homicide increases positively with the increase of the ratio between the highest 20% / lowest 20% income ratio in the country.
8 Trends in homicides rates in selected countries in the Americas ,000 homicides /year Age-adjusted rates/100, Brazil Canada Colombia Costa Rica Cuba El Salvador Guatemala Mexico Nicaragua Venezuela *Rates corrected for undetermined intent Fuente: Sistema de Información n de Mortalidad de la OPS/OMS (base del Mayo 2011)
9 Proportion of Homicide due to firearms 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% % 40% 30% 20% 10% Other means Firearms 0% 5 Brazil Canada Colombia Costa Rica Cuba El Salvador Guatemala Mexico Nicaragua Venezuela Fuente: Sistema de Información n de Mortalidad de la OPS/OMS (base del Mayo 2011)
10 Mortality due to Homicide in Mexico,
11 Mortality Rate due to Homicide (x pop) 2005 Mortality rate (x 100,000 pop) Source: Regional Mortality Information System. Pan American health Organization. 2012
12 Mortality Rate due to Homicide (x pop) 2006 Mortality rate (x 100,000 pop) Source: Regional Mortality Information System. Pan American health Organization. 2012
13 Mortality Rate due to Homicide (x pop) 2007 Mortality rate (x 100,000 pop) Source: Regional Mortality Information System. Pan American health Organization. 2012
14 Mortality Rate due to Homicide (x pop) 2008 Mortality rate (x 100,000 pop) Source: Regional Mortality Information System. Pan American health Organization. 2012
15 Mortality Rate due to Homicide (x pop) 2009 Mortality rate (x 100,000 pop) Source: Regional Mortality Information System. Pan American health Organization. 2012
16 Mortality Rate due to Homicide (x pop) 2010 Mortality rate (x 100,000 pop) Source: Regional Mortality Information System. Pan American health Organization. 2012
17 Questions for debate 100% of Cocaine is produced in some countries of LA Colombia is an important cocaine producer The reduction of Colombian s production has impacted in others countries The traffic patterns has changed Traffickers are making more use of transit countries in the region Is the increase of homicide in Mexico and other countries a result of those changes in the traffic patterns?
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