Overcoming Perceived Pitfalls of DWI Courts

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Christiana Walker
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whole or in part without the written permission of the author of the National

1 Overcoming Perceived Pitfalls of DWI Courts Developed by: National Center for DWI Courts NCDC, January 2018 The following presentation may not be copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the author of the National Center for DWI Courts. Written permission will generally be given upon request.

2 PITFALL #1 It s too risky

3 POLITICAL PITFALLS Lack of leadership support Repeat DWI offenders are a high risk to public safety Lack of understanding of the effectiveness of DWI courts Competing interests

4 IF NOT PRISON OR JAIL, WHERE? Repeat DWI offenders are still on supervision through a probation office Jail is not a level of care Repeat DWI offenders treatment needs are not met in custody no change

5 ALCOHOL VIOLATIONS Public safety risk drinking usually leads to driving DWI courts reliably detect and immediately respond Treatment needs vs. public safety

6 SUPERVISION/TESTING/TECHNOLOGY DWI courts have more contact with the client and address problematic behaviors immediately Witnessed random drug and alcohol testing is a tool to assist with recovery Research shows technology paired with supervision paired with treatment works

7 PARTNERSHIPS Partnerships are critical to implementation and sustainability Stakeholders and nontraditional partnerships Importance of the media

8 PITFALL #2 There s no carrot

9 PROCESSING The earlier the better Hit rock bottom Resolve case faster Pre-sentence conditions Voluntary vs. mandatory

10 SENTENCING Reduced confinement Ability to serve mandatory sentences in a less restrictive manner Reduced fines and costs A lesser offense is not an option

11 PRIVILEGES Limited driver s license Use of tools and technology Freedom

12 LIFE CHANGING (Early) Sobriety (Later) Recovery

13 PITFALL #3 We have a drug court can we do DWI too?

14 DEMOGRAPHICS Not knowing the DWI population Repeat DWI offenders differ from typical drug court participants High functioning does not mean low risk Using invalid, unreliable risk and need tools

15 STRUCTURE AND CASE MANAGEMENT Supervision of high-risk and high-need DWI offenders Mixing risk and need populations Considering additional populations Treatment Court structure

16 RESPONSES TO BEHAVIOR/ATTITUDES Attitudes about alcohol Criminal thinking Don t identify themselves as drug addicts Public safety risk

17 PITFALL #4 Focused on the drug, not the behavior

18 ALCOHOL COURT Not a DWI-processing calendar Considering it only as alcohol court is a disservice

19 DUID Driving under the influence of drugs Presence of drugs impairment It does mean polysubstance use

20 TESTING Reliably detect use Alcohol testing Drug testing (polysubstance)

21 SUD Substance use disorder is a disease Prevalence of mental health disorders

22 DANGER DANGER We are perfect

23 WE ARE PERFECT Targeting Continued analysis and Sustainability modifications Fidelity to the model and drift Evidence-based practices

24 WE ARE PERFECT Fidelity to the model Research shows an increase in criminogenic factors in clients for programs that do not follow the Guiding Principles or Best Practices

25 WE ARE PERFECT Michigan An analysis of three counties in a 2-year period found that DWI court participants were 19 times less likely to be arrested for a DWI (2008). Minnesota An evaluation of nine DWI courts found that high-risk individuals had better outcomes, including up to 69% less recidivism (2014). Campbell Collaboration A meta-analysis of 28 evaluations found that DWI and general criminal recidivism was reduced by an average of 12%. The best DWI courts reduced recidivism by 50% to 60% (2012). Georgia Repeat offenders graduating from DWI court were 65% less likely to be rearrested for a new DWI, and between 47 and 112 repeat DWI arrests were prevented (2011).

26 WE ARE PERFECT San Joaquin County, California DUI court participants were half as likely to be involved in an alcohol- or drug-related crash over a period of 18 months (2012).

27 WE ARE PERFECT Maryland DWI courts produce net cost benefits to taxpayers of more than $1,500 per participant and more than $5,000 per graduate (2009). Minnesota DWI courts saved taxpayers $700,000 annually and produced an average of $2.06 (a high of $3.19 in one court) in benefits for every $1 invested a 200% return on investment (2014).

28 Average Number of Rearrests WE ARE PERFECT Average number of rearrests by number of prior arrests at 2 years DWI Court (n=48) Comparison (n=81) 1.50 Minnesota DWI court study, 9 sites p< Average Number of Prior Arrests NPC Research

53 0.47 0.75 0.44 0.62 0.31 0.29 0.36 0.30 0.34 0.30 0.28 0.20 0.14 0.21 0.19 0.

29 Number of Rearrests WE ARE PERFECT Participants (regardless of graduation status) at the majority of Minnesota s 9 DWI courts had lower rearrest rates, but not all of them Graduates All Participants Comparison DWI Court #1 n = 51 DWI Court #2 n = 48 DWI Court #3 n = 46 DWI Court #4 n = 273 DWI Court #5 n = 33 DWI Court #6 n = 43 DWI Court #7 n = 140 DWI Court #8 n = 30 DWI Court #9 n = 74 NPC Research

30 Strategic Planning Notebook Connect how the topic relates to recovery Write down these connections to recovery Share ideas on how to incorporate the topic into your program

MINNESOTA DWI COURTS: A SUMMARY OF EVALUATION FINDINGS IN NINE DWI COURT PROGRAMS

MINNESOTA DWI COURTS: A SUMMARY OF EVALUATION FINDINGS IN NINE DWI COURT PROGRAMS MINNESOTA COURTS: A SUMMARY OF Minnesota Courts EVALUATION FINDINGS IN NINE COURT PROGRAMS courts are criminal justice programs that bring together drug and alcohol treatment and the criminal justice system