ANAT113: Endocrine System Practice Exam Answer Key (42 questions)

Transcription

1 ANAT113: Endocrine System Practice Exam Answer Key (42 questions) 1. While the nervous system functions very slowly, the endocrine system works very quickly. a. True b. False 2. Hormones that act locally are called. a. Prostaglandins b. Cholesterol c. Plasma membrane hormones d. Nucleic acids 3. Hormones travel through the. a. Synovial fluid b. Blood c. Red bone marrow d. Cerebrospinal fluid 4. Which of the following is a function of hormones? a. Activate enzymes b. Stimulate cell division c. Promote secretion of product d. All of the above 5. The hypothalamus secretes hormones that activate which gland? a. Posterior pituitary b. Anterior pituitary c. Thyroid d. Parathyroid

2 6. The anterior pituitary gland secretes hormones that activate different glands. Which gland is not activated by the anterior pituitary gland? a. Thyroid b. Gonad c. Adrenal cortex d. Parathyroid 7. The adrenal medulla is stimulated by the. a. Blood concentration of calcium ions b. Posterior pituitary gland c. Hypothalamus d. Preganglionic sympathetic fibers of the nervous system 8. Which is not a major endocrine organ? a. Thymus b. Pancreas c. Spleen d. Hypothalamus 9. Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone are both made by the. a. Pancreas b. Hypothalamus c. Parathyroid gland d. Gonads 10. Diuretics are drugs that cause water to flush out of the body in large amounts. They antagonize the effects of which hormone? Hint: this hormone will decrease urine volume. a. Antidiuretic hormone b. Diuretic hormone c. Prolactin d. Estrogen

3 11. Follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, thyrotrophic hormone, and adrenocorticotropic hormone are examples of. a. Growth hormones b. Oxytocic drugs c. Steroid hormones d. Tropic hormones 12. Sam stands over eight feet tall, and exhibits gigantism. He must experience of growth hormone. a. Hypersecretion b. Hyposecretion c. No secretion d. Irregular intervals of secretion 13. Follicle-stimulating hormone plays an identical role in males and females. a. True b. False 14. For women, what is the role of luteinizing hormone? a. Produce a fatty acid called lutein b. Trigger ovulation of egg from ovary c. Stimulate testosterone production d. Inhibit the menstrual cycle 15. Anna secretes less than normal amounts of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone. It is very likely that she a. Experiences an extended menstrual cycle b. Will be unable to reproduce successfully c. Will be unable to breastfeed d. Is a pituitary dwarf

4 16. Sal struggles to fall asleep at night, and often sleeps until two o clock in the afternoon. She feels drowsy in the afternoon, and typically has very high energy during the night. Which hormone is playing a major role in her body s sleep-wake cycle? a. Melanin b. Melatonin c. Progesterone d. Antidiuretic hormone 17. Rikki lives in rural Saskatchewan, where she rarely eats seafood. How might this influence her health? a. She would have less sodium and potassium in her diet, causing her action potential propagation speed to decrease. b. Her eyes would enlarge dramatically from hyperthyroidism. c. She would develop a goiter, an enlargement of the thyroid gland. d. She would be sterile due to decrease estrogen and progesterone. 18. Calcitonin will blood calcium levels, while parathyroid hormone will blood calcium levels. a. Increase; decrease b. Decrease; increase c. Increase; increase d. Decrease; decrease 19. Calcitonin is made by. a. Parafollicular cells b. Follicle cells c. Calcitonal cells d. Bone cells

5 20. Cindy has extremely low blood calcium. This causes the neurons in her body to become overactive. As a result, impulses are sent to muscles very quickly, and she experiences spasms. What are these spasms called? a. Tetanus b. Homeostasis c. Cretinism d. Myxedema 21. Which hormone does the thymus produce? a. Thymosin b. Thyroxine (T4) c. Triiodothyronine (T3) d. Thyroid hormone 22. Corticosteroids are steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex. Which is not a corticosteroid? a. Vitaminocorticoids b. Mineralocorticoids c. Glucocorticoids d. Sex hormones 23. Molly s blood pressure drops dramatically. Which enzyme will be produced by her kidneys, in order to release aldosterone? a. Atrial natriuretic peptide b. Angiotensin II c. Renin d. Cortisone 24. Which two are examples of glucocorticoids? a. Androgens and estrogens b. Cortisone and cortisol

6 c. Angiotensin II and aldosterone d. None of the above 25. Glucocorticoids are responsible for a. Digesting nucleic acids into nucleotides, then moving deoxyribose sugar to the blood b. Transmitting glucose into the cerebral cortex c. Breaking down fats and proteins, turning them to glucose for blood d. Moving glucose to the adrenal cortex to prevent cortical dysplasia 26. In the 19 th century, circus sideshows and carnivals employed bearded women, to showcase their anomalies in freak shows. This is likely due to a. Hyposecretion of sex hormones b. Hypersecretion of sex hormones c. Hyperaldosteronism d. Cushing s syndrome 27. The adrenal medulla secretes, including and. a. Sex hormones; androgens and estrogens b. Sex hormones; testosterone and estrogens c. Catecholamines; epinephrine and norepinephrine d. Glucocorticoids; cortisone and cortisol The following questions (48-32) refer to the options below. A-H may be used more than once. a. Androgens/estrogens b. Calcitonin/parathyroid hormone c. Epinephrine/norepinephrine d. Cortisone/cortisol e. Insulin/glucagon f. Thyroxine (T4) /triiodothyronine (T3) g. Prolactin/oxytocin h. None of the above

7 28. Which hormones are secreted by the islets of Langerhans? E 29. Which hormones are critical for the fight-or-flight response from the sympathetic nervous system? C 30. Which hormone is secreted in substantial amounts, rising and falling from day to night, and is known as a sleep trigger? H 31. Which hormones are associated with calcium deposits in the bone? B 32. Which hormones may lead to cretinism (dwarfism) or myxedema (physical and mental sluggishness)? F The following questions (33-36) refer to the options below. A-D may be used more than once. a. Polyuria b. Acidosis c. Polydipsia d. Polyphagia 33. Hunger due to the inability to use sugars is known as. D 34. Very acidic blood due to the breakdown of fat is known as. B 35. Extreme thirst due to water loss is known as. C 36. Excessive urination (from flushing out glucose and ketones) is known as. A 37. Glucagon and insulin are best known as hormones. a. Agonistic b. Antagonistic c. Antidiuretic d. Gonadotropic 38. A person with type two diabetes (adult-onset) is able to produce insulin. However, their insulin receptors cannot respond to insulin. This phenomenon is known as. a. Insulin dependence

8 b. Insulin resistance c. Anti-insulin d. Insulinosis 39. During pregnancy, the placenta takes on the role of producing estrogen and progesterone. The placenta is assuming the role of which organ? a. Testes b. Ovaries c. Fallopian tubes d. None of the above 40. Which does not occur during menopause? a. Hypertrophy of reproductive organs b. Ability to have children ends c. Increased likelihood of arteriosclerosis, osteoporosis d. Hot flashes, fatigue, nervousness 41. Nonendocrine organs may also be able to produce hormones. Which of the following is an example? a. Heart b. Stomach c. Kidneys d. All of the above 42. Which is false about the thymus? a. It is located in the upper thorax b. It functions during youth c. It produces thymosin d. None of the above are false