Russian food consumption patterns during economic transition and its effects on the prevalence of chronic diseases

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Russian food consumption patterns during economic transition and its effects on the prevalence of chronic diseases"

Transcription

1 Russian food consumption patterns during economic transition and its effects on the prevalence of chronic diseases C. Burggraf; T. Glauben; R. Teuber IAMO Forum /Jun/2014

2 Overview 1 Motivation 2 Data source 3 Nutrition transition in Russia 3.1 Basic food demand conditions 3.2 Russian eating habits during transition 3.3 Prevalence of chronic diseases 4 Demand analysis 4.1 Estimation procedure 4.2 Expenditure and price elasticities 5 Policy implications 2

3 1 Motivation In Russia major concerns with respect to the prevalence of chronic diseases Nutrition is an important impact factor of various health conditions and chronic diseases, including overweight, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and various forms of cancer Generally with economic growth a westernisation of dietary patterns Nutrition transition? 3

4 1 Motivation Nutrition transition: Arises with increasing household incomes Dietary patterns shift away from a relatively monotonous and starchy diet with higher amounts of fiber towards a more varied diet of fruits and vegetables towards higher contents of fat and animal proteins Epidemiological experiences in Europe and USA show that there is a positive link between nutrition transition and a growing incidence of overweight, obesity, and various chronic diseases, including diabetes. 4

5 1 Motivation Aim: Analysis of the Russian food consumption patterns during economic transition Research Questions: I. Is there an ongoing nutrition transition in Russia? II. What are the effects of incomes and prices on the demand for different food aggregates? 5

6 2 Data Source Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS-HSE): Coordinated by the Carolina Population Centre at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the Higher School of Economics of Russia Large data set of about 4,000 household and more than 11,000 individuals Time period

7 3 Nutrition transition in Russia Research Question I: Is there an ongoing nutrition transition in Russia? 7

8 3 Nutrition transition in Russia 3.1 Basic food demand conditions Table: Russian food and non-food expenditure shares Note: Expenditure shares are presented in mean values. Shares of main consumption aggregates (in per cent) Aggregates Foods 48.40% 62.75% 55.49% 54.78% 53.72% 49.11% 46.94% 46.66% 42.40% 44.05% 41.62% Food purchases 44.19% 56.80% 50.37% 50.83% 50.19% 46.29% 44.31% 43.95% 40.33% 41.64% 39.37% Home production 4.21% 5.95% 5.12% 3.96% 3.53% 2.82% 2.63% 2.71% 2.07% 2.41% 2.25% Non-foods 39.86% 20.82% 26.15% 28.51% 29.71% 29.98% 29.67% 30.92% 30.70% 32.99% 31.31% Education 5.09% 6.22% 4.59% 5.13% 4.81% 4.53% 4.74% 5.27% 4.78% 5.06% 4.67% Health care 3.49% 5.60% 6.11% 7.43% 6.52% 6.79% 6.37% 7.28% 7.37% 7.81% 7.57% Others 31.28% 9.00% 15.44% 15.95% 18.38% 18.67% 18.57% 18.36% 18.55% 20.12% 19.08% Housing 9.06% 12.47% 13.24% 12.83% 13.43% 17.98% 19.25% 19.27% 24.14% 19.93% 24.09% Rents 3.57% 5.19% 4.73% 5.56% 6.39% 7.00% 7.15% 8.55% 9.31% 10.05% 9.75% Utilities 5.49% 7.28% 8.51% 7.27% 7.03% 10.99% 12.11% 10.72% 14.83% 9.88% 14.34% Durables 2.69% 3.96% 5.12% 3.87% 3.14% 2.93% 4.14% 3.16% 2.76% 3.03% 2.98% Real consumption per capita in 2005 US $

9 3 Nutrition transition in Russia 3.1 Basic food demand conditions Poor/noon-poor 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Non-poor households Poor households GNI per capita, PPP (constant 2005 international $) GNI Figure: Development of Russian household incomes Source: RLMS-HSE data set and World Bank indicators, Note: Households with total incomes below regional poverty threshold are classified as poor. 9

10 3 Nutrition transition in Russia 3.1 Basic food demand conditions Year Carbohydrates Milk and dairy Meat and meat products Other proteins Fruits Vegetables Fats and oils Other foods All items (OECD) Table: Russian Laspeyres indices for eight food aggregates, base 1996 Source: Russian food consumer price index, own calculations based on RLMS-HSE ( ) compared to OECD s Russian food price index. Note: The aggregate other foods includes sweets, snacks, coffee, tea, and non-alcoholic beverages 10

11 3 Nutrition transition in Russia 3.1 Basic food demand conditions Year Carbohydrates Milk and dairy Meat and meat products Other proteins Fruits Vegetables Fats and oils Other foods All items (OECD) Table: Russian Laspeyres indices for eight food aggregates, base Source: Russian food consumer price index, own calculations based on RLMS-HSE ( ) compared to OECD s Russian food price index. 11

12 3 Nutrition transition in Russia 3.2 Russian eating habits during transition dietary patterns shift away from a relatively monotonous and starchy diet with higher amounts of fiber Year Figure: Relative intake of fiber Note: Intake relative to the recommended adequate intake value. 12

13 3 Nutrition transition in Russia 3.2 Russian eating habits during transition dietary patterns shift towards a higher consumption of fruits and vegetables Relative intake of vitamin A Year Figure: Absolute demand for fruits Note: Horizontal line indicates Russian adequate fruit intake recommendation 13

14 3 Nutrition transition in Russia 3.2 Russian eating habits during transition with higher contents animal proteins Years excludes outside values Figure: Absolut demand for meat and meat products Note: Red horizontal line indicates Russian upper meat intake recommendations. For comparison, blue horizontal line indicates US upper meat intake recommendation. 14

15 3 Nutrition transition in Russia 3.2 Russian eating habits during transition with higher contents of saturated fat Year Figure: Relative intake of saturated fat Note: Intake relative to the recommended upper intake value 15

16 3 Nutrition transition in Russia 3.3 Prevalence of chronic diseases Overweight and obesity prevalence in % 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Year Figure: Prevalence of overweight or obesity [in % of sample] Note: Trend significant at the 5% level 16

17 Diabetis prevalence in % 3 Nutrition transition in Russia 3.3 Prevalence of chronic diseases 5% 5% 4% 4% 3% 3% 2% 2% 1% 1% 0% Year Figure: Prevalence of diabetes [in % of sample] Note: Trend significant at the 5% level 17

18 3 Nutrition transition in Russia 3.3 Prevalence of chronic diseases Changing macroeconomic conditions: increasing household incomes and changing price relations Russian nutrition transition decreasing consumption of carbohydrates, increasing consumption of fruits and vegetables, increasing consumption of meat products, and increasing fat intakes Changing health situation: increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity increasing prevalence of diabetes 18

19 4 Demand analysis Research question II: What are the effects of incomes and prices on the demand for different food aggregates? 19

20 4 Demand analysis 4.1 Estimation procedure Two-stage budgeting model according to DEATON AND MUELLBAUER (1980) Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) of BANKS, BLUNDELL, AND LEWBEL (1997) Distinguished between our eight food aggregates: carbohydrates; milk and dairy products; meat products; other protein sources such as fish and eggs; fruits; vegetables; oils and fats; other foods Demographic scaling: household size, proportion of children aged 0-14 years in the household, as well as dummies for land use, settlement type, and geographic region 20

21 4 Demand analysis 4.2 Expenditure and price elasticities Carbohydrates Milk and dairy Meat and meat products Fish, eggs, other proteins Fruits Vegetables Fats and oils Other foods Table: Russian unconditional expenditure elasticities of eight food aggregates Note: Significant values at the 5% level are printed in bold type 21

22 4 Demand analysis 4.2 Expenditure and price elasticities All food aggregate expenditure elasticities positive and between zero and one, indicating normal goods. Lowest expenditures elasticities: products of basic demand, such as fats and carbohydrates Highest expenditure elasticities: meat products, fruits, and dairy products As incomes increase over time, the share of additional household expenditures allocated to carbohydrates decreases and a greater share is allocated to meat products and fruits 22

23 4 Demand analysis 4.2 Expenditure and price elasticities Carbohydrates Milk and dairy Meat Eggs and other proteins Fruits Vegetables Fats and oils Other foods Table: Russian unconditional uncompensated own price elasticities of eight food aggregates Note: Significant values at the 5% level are printed in bold type. 23

24 4 Demand analysis 4.2 Expenditure and price elasticities Own price elasticities negative for all eight food aggregates. Considering absolute values, own-price elasticities are generally smaller for food groups such as carbohydrates and fats but larger for meats, fruits, and dairy products Meat products, dairy products, fruits and vegetables are more price elastic in 2007/2008 (global food crisis) than in

25 4 Demand analysis 4.2 Expenditure and price elasticities Between the financial crisis in 1998 and the food crisis in 2007/2008 cross price elasticities are considerably low and often not significantly different from zero Demand for fruits and vegetables primarily based on substitutional effects Complementary association between the demand for meats and fats 25

26 5 Policy implications 26

27 5 Policy implications Strategy of market regulation: price regulations by taxing unhealthy foods (e.g., taxing fatty meats and meat products at higher rates than other foods) subsidizing healthier foods (e.g., a refund on fruits and vegetables) But we have to consider cross-price effects! 27

28 5 Policy implications Financial aid: in order to increase the demand for fruits and vegetables of poor households makes the consumption of healthier foods more affordable but higher household budgets: tend to increase the demand for meat products tend to decrease the demand for fiber 28

29 5 Policy implications Consumer based intervention strategy: considers officially promoted intake recommendations, labelling approaches and nutritional education programs to target an improvement in dietary knowledge of the Russian population information reduces consumer uncertainty or it transforms credence attributes of food products into search attributes consumer based strategy seems to be of major importance because of low nutritional education levels information on health risks of excessive intake of meat products and fats is of special need in Russia 29

30 Even though all visible traces are gone it profoundly changed all of us Umberto Eco, Newsweek, Thank you for your attention! 30

31 Appendix 31

32 2 Data Source Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS-HSE): Representativeness of food consumption data: yearly meat consumption RLMS-HSE=72.83 kg per capita in 2008 (vs kg GKS data) yearly fruit consumption RLMS-HSE= kg per capita in 2008 (vs. 151 kg GKS data) 32

33 3 Nutrition transition in Russia 3.1 Basic food demand conditions Highest share of household expenditures: foods In 1996 food expenditures 48% of total expenditure In 1998, during the Russian financial crisis, share of food expenditure increased up to 62.75% After 1998, share of food expenditures decreases to 41.62% with increasing real household incomes Share of foods produced by households decreases from 4.21% in 1996 down to 2.25% in

34 Why considering changes over time? Expenditure elasticities: ABLER (2010) states that with increasing incomes food expenditure elasticities tend to fall, except for carbohydrates food demand will be less affected by future income shocks Price elasticities: ABLER (2010) states that the absolute values of the own-price elasticities tend to fall development towards a more price inelastic demand bears the risk that any supply reduction of agricultural commodities will lead to a relatively greater increase in food prices since food demand is less price elastic 34

35 Variable Observations Mean Std. Dev. Expenditure shares Cereals and other carbohydrates 50, Milk and dairy products 50, Meat and meat products 50, Other protein (fish and eggs) 50, Fruits 50, Vegetables 50, Oil and fats 50, Other foods 50, Price indices per primary sampling unit, deflated to 1996 Cereals and other carbohydrates 50, Milk and dairy products 50, Meat and meat products 50, Other protein (fish and eggs) 50, Fruits 50, Vegetables 50, Oil and fats 50, Other foods 50, Socio-economic variables Regional poverty group [1 very poor,, 5 rich] 47, Household size 50, Settlement type [ 0 rural, 1 urban] 50, Land used in last 12 month? [1 yes, 0 no] 50, Proportion of children 50, Table: Descriptive statistics 35

36 Urban settlement type Carbohydrates * * 0.53* 0.50* 0.47* 0.48* * 0.53* Milk and dairy * 0.58* 0.61* * * Meat * Eggs and other proteins Fruits * Vegetables * * Fats and oils Other foods * Rural settlement type Carbohydrates Milk and dairy Meat Eggs and other proteins Fruits Vegetables Fats and oils Other foods Table: Russian unconditional expenditure elasticities depending on settlement type Notes: Significant values at the 5% level are printed in bold type. *Urban expenditure elasticities are significantly different from rural expenditure elasticities at the 5% level, according to Welch's t test. 36

37 Urban settlement type Carbohydrates Milk and dairy Meat Eggs and other proteins Fruits Vegetables Fats and oils Other foods Rural settlement type Carbohydrates Milk and dairy Meat Eggs and other proteins Fruits Vegetables Fats and oils Other foods Table: Russian unconditional own price elasticities depending on settlement type Notes: Significant values at the 5% level are printed in bold type. None of the urban expenditure elasticities is significantly different from rural expenditure elasticities at the 5% level, according to Welch's t test. 37

38 5 Policy implications 38

39 6 Conclusions Lowest expenditures elasticities: products of basic demand, such as fats and carbohydrates Highest expenditure elasticities: meat products, fruits, and vegetables Highest significant uncompensated own price elasticities in absolute values: meat products, fruits, and vegetables Lowest uncompensated own price elasticities are in absolute values: carbohydrates Strategy of market regulation through price regulations and financial aid Major problems of low nutritional education which should be the main target of public intervention programs 39

Agricultural Policies and Obesity: The Linkages Between Farm Commodities and Retail Food Products

Agricultural Policies and Obesity: The Linkages Between Farm Commodities and Retail Food Products Agricultural Policies and Obesity: The Linkages Between Farm Commodities and Retail Food Products Abigail Okrent University of California, Davis Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics SPECIALTY

More information

Methodology of Poverty Measurement Since 2009

Methodology of Poverty Measurement Since 2009 MEASURING POVERTY IN ARMENIA: METHODOLOGICAL CLARIFICATIONS 169 Methodology of Poverty Measurement Since 2009 A consumption aggregate is used to approximate well-being in Armenia. It is assumed that consumption

More information

Implications of a Healthier U.S. Food Stamp Program

Implications of a Healthier U.S. Food Stamp Program Implications of a Healthier U.S. Food Stamp Program Julian M. Alston Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics University of California, Davis Presented at the International Health Economics Association

More information

METHODOLOGICAL GUIDELINES

METHODOLOGICAL GUIDELINES MONTENEGRO STATISTICAL OFFICE METHODOLOGICAL GUIDELINES Minimal consumer basket - Revision - 79 METHODOLOGICAL GUIDELINES 79 Podgorica, February 2018 Contents THE LEGAL BASIS... 3 Conclusion of Statistical

More information

OECD Food Chain Analysis Network: The 9 th Meeting. 2 May Sang-Hyo Kim Juyoung Lee

OECD Food Chain Analysis Network: The 9 th Meeting. 2 May Sang-Hyo Kim Juyoung Lee OECD Food Chain Analysis Network: The 9 th Meeting 2 May 2017 Sang-Hyo Kim Juyoung Lee 1. Introduction Policy Demander = Consumer Group 0) For All Consumer Groups 1) Who don t Know Consequences of Choosing

More information

Country Profile: Food Security Indicators

Country Profile: Food Security Indicators I. FOOD DEPRIVATION AND CONSUMPTION INDICATORS Food Deprivation Proportion of undernourishment 38 47 54 47 4.1 2.6-2.2 Number of undernourished millions 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 7.0 5.1 0.2 Food deficit of undernourished

More information

Myanmar Food and Nutrition Security Profiles

Myanmar Food and Nutrition Security Profiles Key Indicators Myanmar Food and Nutrition Security Profiles Myanmar has experienced growth in Dietary Energy Supply (DES). Dietary quality remains poor, low on protein and vitamins and with high carbohydrates.

More information

Content. The double burden of disease in México

Content. The double burden of disease in México Can we and Prevent Malnutrition while Addressing the Challenge of NRCD s? Experiences from Mexico Content The double burden of disease in México What is currently being done in México for preventing and

More information

Food and Nutrient Demand in the context of the Conditional Cash Transfer Oportunidades in Mexico

Food and Nutrient Demand in the context of the Conditional Cash Transfer Oportunidades in Mexico Food and Nutrient Demand in the context of the Conditional Cash Transfer Oportunidades in Mexico Ana Elena Meza Gonzalez 1, Christine Wieck 2 1 Université catholique de Louvain. Earth and Life Institute.

More information

Myanmar - Food and Nutrition Security Profiles

Myanmar - Food and Nutrition Security Profiles Key Indicators Myanmar - Food and Nutrition Security Profiles Myanmar has experienced growth in Dietary Energy Supply (DES). Dietary quality remains poor, low on protein and vitamins and with high carbohydrates.

More information

The Great Food Conundrum: Health vs Sustainability

The Great Food Conundrum: Health vs Sustainability The Great Food Conundrum: Health vs Sustainability Dr Christian Reynolds Knowledge Exchange Research Fellow (N8 AgriFood project) Department of Geography, University of Sheffield @sartorialfoodie Talk

More information

Trends in food availability in MALTA the DAFNE V project

Trends in food availability in MALTA the DAFNE V project Trends in food availability in MALTA the DAFNE V project Lucienne Pace 1, Etienne Caruana 2 and Nicola Camilleri 2 1 Health Promotion Department, Ministry of Health, Malta 2 National Statistical Office,

More information

Canada s Food Supply: A Preliminary Examination of Changes,

Canada s Food Supply: A Preliminary Examination of Changes, Canada s Food Supply: A Preliminary Examination of Changes, 1992-2002 Canada's Food Guide to Healthy Eating, released in 1992, is a key nutrition education tool for Canadians aged four years and over.

More information

Prospective study on nutrition transition in China

Prospective study on nutrition transition in China Prospective study on nutrition transition in China Fengying Zhai, Huijun Wang, Shufa Du, Yuna He, Zhihong Wang, Keyou Ge, and Barry M Popkin The aim of the prospective study reported here was to examine

More information

Solomon Islands Food and Nutrition Security Profiles

Solomon Islands Food and Nutrition Security Profiles Key Indicators Solomon Islands Food and Nutrition Security Profiles Solomon Islands has experienced stagnation in percapita GDP and undernourishment in recent years. Dietary Energy Supply (DES) has continued

More information

Country Report: Sweden General Conclusions Basic Facts Health and Nutrition Health Related Initiatives Climate Change

Country Report: Sweden General Conclusions Basic Facts Health and Nutrition Health Related Initiatives Climate Change Country Report: Sweden General Conclusions Basic Facts Health and Nutrition Health Related Initiatives Climate Change General conclusion Health in Sweden has improved for many decades Many health problems

More information

A Simple Method of Measuring Dietary Diversity at Population Level

A Simple Method of Measuring Dietary Diversity at Population Level A Simple Method of Measuring Dietary Diversity at Population Level NP Steyn, D Labadarios, JH Nel Social science that makes a difference Date: Introduction Determining dietary diversity in RSA adults has

More information

THE CHALLENGE OF IMPROVING FISH CONSUMPTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRY : THE CASE STUDY OF INDONESIA

THE CHALLENGE OF IMPROVING FISH CONSUMPTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRY : THE CASE STUDY OF INDONESIA THE CHALLENGE OF IMPROVING FISH CONSUMPTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRY : THE CASE STUDY OF INDONESIA Tridoyo Kusumastanto, Center for Coastal and Marine Resource Studies, Institute for Tropical Coastal and

More information

Cook Islands Food and Nutrition Security Profiles

Cook Islands Food and Nutrition Security Profiles Key Indicators Cook Islands Food and Nutrition Security Profiles Mortality in children has shown a constant reduction over the years, but unless further acceleration, Cook Islands will not achieve the

More information

THE CONSUMER COMES FIRST MYTH OR REALITY?

THE CONSUMER COMES FIRST MYTH OR REALITY? THE CONSUMER COMES FIRST MYTH OR REALITY? PROFILING SOUTH AFRICA Population: 48+ million Almost 50/50 males to females 35% children

More information

3. FOOD CONSUMPTION PATTERNS IN INDIA

3. FOOD CONSUMPTION PATTERNS IN INDIA 3. FOOD CONSUMPTION PATTERNS IN INDIA Introduction India is a vast and varied subcontinent, with 2.4% of its global landmass supporting over one-sixth of the world s population. At the time of independence

More information

Public Health and Nutrition in Older Adults. Patricia P. Barry, MD, MPH Merck Institute of Aging & Health and George Washington University

Public Health and Nutrition in Older Adults. Patricia P. Barry, MD, MPH Merck Institute of Aging & Health and George Washington University Public Health and Nutrition in Older Adults Patricia P. Barry, MD, MPH Merck Institute of Aging & Health and George Washington University Public Health and Nutrition in Older Adults n Overview of nutrition

More information

Food prices and food consumption: potential contradictions between health and economic policy

Food prices and food consumption: potential contradictions between health and economic policy Food prices and food consumption: potential contradictions between health and economic policy Dr Laura Cornelsen Dr Rosemary Green Dr Alan Dangour Prof Richard Smith BNF. 07.04.2014 Fiscal policies Price

More information

Personal Touch Food Service will ensure all consumers have access to varied and nutritious foods consistent with promoting health and wellness.

Personal Touch Food Service will ensure all consumers have access to varied and nutritious foods consistent with promoting health and wellness. Nutrition Guidelines It is well accepted that consumer eating habits are greatly influenced by the types and quantities of foods made available to them. Personal Touch Food Service is committed to supporting

More information

Brunei Darussalam - Food and Nutrition Security Profiles

Brunei Darussalam - Food and Nutrition Security Profiles Key Indicators Brunei Darussalam Food and Nutrition Security Profiles Brunei Darussalam has one of the highest rates of GDP per capita and of Dietary Energy Supply (DES) per person in the region. For decades,

More information

Food Demand, Diet and Health- The Role Played by Managers of Agribusinesses 1

Food Demand, Diet and Health- The Role Played by Managers of Agribusinesses 1 International Food and Agribusiness Management Review Volume 17 Special Issue A, 2014 Food Demand, Diet and Health- The Role Played by Managers of Agribusinesses 1 INTRODUCTION Timothy Park Branch Chief,

More information

Trends in food availability in the SLOVAK REPUBLIC the DAFNE V project

Trends in food availability in the SLOVAK REPUBLIC the DAFNE V project Trends in food availability in the SLOVAK REPUBLIC the DAFNE V project Leskova Emilia 1 and Sukenikova Helena 2 1 Food Research Institute, Bratislava, Slovak Republic 2 Statistical Office of the Slovak

More information

Food Insecurity and Food Assistance in Maryland. Stephanie Grutzmacher, PhD UME Family Health Specialist

Food Insecurity and Food Assistance in Maryland. Stephanie Grutzmacher, PhD UME Family Health Specialist Food Insecurity and Food Assistance in Maryland Stephanie Grutzmacher, PhD UME Family Health Specialist Overview Food assistance programs, populations Consumer and health behaviors Needs and opportunities

More information

CHOICES The magazine of food, farm and resource issues

CHOICES The magazine of food, farm and resource issues CHOICES The magazine of food, farm and resource issues Fall 2004 A publication of the American Agricultural Economics Association Obesity: Economic Dimensions of a Super Size Problem Maria L. Loureiro

More information

Food Consumption Pattern and Dietary Diversity

Food Consumption Pattern and Dietary Diversity 12Round I survey of CFPR phase II Food Consumption Pattern and Dietary Diversity Chowdhury SB Jalal, Nuzhat Choudhury and Munshi Suliman INTRODUCTION This chapter provides information about the quantities

More information

P. Nasurudeen, Anil Kuruvila, R. Sendhil and V. Chandresekar*

P. Nasurudeen, Anil Kuruvila, R. Sendhil and V. Chandresekar* Ind. Jn. of Agri. Econ. Vol.61, No.3, July-Sept. 2006 SUBJECT II TRENDS IN FOOD CONSUMPTION AND NUTRITION - FOOD SECURITY CONCERNS The Dynamics and Inequality of Nutrient Consumption in India P. Nasurudeen,

More information

Aligning the food system to meet dietary needs: fruits and vegetables

Aligning the food system to meet dietary needs: fruits and vegetables Aligning the food system to meet dietary needs: fruits and vegetables Introduction to Session 1 Kathryn G. Dewey, PhD Distinguished Professor, Dept of Nutrition Director, Program in International & Community

More information

UNDERSTANDING THE ROLES THAT FOOD MANUFACTURERS, GOVERNMENT, AND CONSUMERS PLAY IN EFFORTS TO REDUCE PURCHASES OF GRAIN-BASED DESSERTS

UNDERSTANDING THE ROLES THAT FOOD MANUFACTURERS, GOVERNMENT, AND CONSUMERS PLAY IN EFFORTS TO REDUCE PURCHASES OF GRAIN-BASED DESSERTS UNDERSTANDING THE ROLES THAT FOOD MANUFACTURERS, GOVERNMENT, AND CONSUMERS PLAY IN EFFORTS TO REDUCE PURCHASES OF GRAIN-BASED DESSERTS Kevin Clark Mathias A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the

More information

Habit Formation to Dietary Fat in U.S. Demand for Ground Meat and Fluid Milk

Habit Formation to Dietary Fat in U.S. Demand for Ground Meat and Fluid Milk Habit Formation to Dietary Fat in U.S. Demand for Ground Meat and Fluid Milk Shaheer Burney Zwick Center for Food and Resource Policy Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics University of Connecticut

More information

PROTEINS: the often neglected nutrient in development

PROTEINS: the often neglected nutrient in development PROTEINS: the often neglected nutrient in development by WILNA OLDEWAGE-THERON PhD RD (SA) CENTRE OF SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS Vaal University of Technology South Africa OUTLINE of PRESENTATION The role

More information

Brunei Darussalam - Food and Nutrition Security Profiles

Brunei Darussalam - Food and Nutrition Security Profiles Key Indicators Brunei Darussalam Food and Nutrition Security Profiles Brunei Darussalam has one of the highest rates of GDP per capita and of Dietary Energy Supply (DES) per person in the region. For decades,

More information

Miao Zhen, John Beghin and Helen Jensen Iowa State University CMD Meeting, Banff, Alberta September 28-30,2009

Miao Zhen, John Beghin and Helen Jensen Iowa State University CMD Meeting, Banff, Alberta September 28-30,2009 Miao Zhen, John Beghin and Helen Jensen Iowa State University CMD Meeting, Banff, Alberta September 28-30,2009 High rates of obesity and overweight 62% of Adults (age 20-74) are overweight/obese Contributors

More information

Estimated mean cholestero intake. (mg/day) NHANES survey cycle

Estimated mean cholestero intake. (mg/day) NHANES survey cycle 320 Estimated mean cholestero intake (mg/day) 300 280 260 240 220 200 2001-02 2003-04 2005-06 2007-08 2009-10 2011-12 2013-14 NHANES survey cycle Figure S1. Estimated mean 1 (95% confidence intervals)

More information

Older Americans Need To Make Every Calorie Count

Older Americans Need To Make Every Calorie Count Older Americans Need To Make Every Calorie Count Joanne F. Guthrie and Biing-Hwan Lin Joanne F. Guthrie (202) 694-5373 jguthrie@ers.usda.gov Biing-Hwan Lin (202) 694-5458 blin@ers.usda.gov Guthrie is a

More information

Rising Food Prices Will Result in Severe Declines in Mineral and Vitamin Intakes of the Poor

Rising Food Prices Will Result in Severe Declines in Mineral and Vitamin Intakes of the Poor Rising Food Prices Will Result in Severe Declines in Mineral and Vitamin Intakes of the Poor Dr. Howarth Bouis, Director, HarvestPlus SUMMARY The poor in developing countries will cope with rising food

More information

MILK, SUSTAINABILITY AND NUTRITION DAIRY FARMERS OF CANADA

MILK, SUSTAINABILITY AND NUTRITION DAIRY FARMERS OF CANADA MILK, SUSTAINABILITY AND NUTRITION SHARING PERSPECTIVES How will I contribute to the conversation today? DFC s team of health professionals, train and engage with thousands of key food influencers each

More information

Excessive Food Consumption in Irish Adults. Implications for Climatic Sustainability and Public Health

Excessive Food Consumption in Irish Adults. Implications for Climatic Sustainability and Public Health Excessive Food Consumption in Irish Adults. Implications for Climatic Sustainability and Public Health Sinéad N McCarthy 1, Daniel O Rourke 1, 2, John Kearney 2, Mary McCarthy 3, Maeve Henchion 1, JJ Hyland

More information

Senarath Dharmasena Department of Agricultural Economics Texas A&M University

Senarath Dharmasena Department of Agricultural Economics Texas A&M University Demand for Organic /Non-Organic Non-alcoholic Beverages in the United States: Application of Semiparametric Estimation of Censored Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (C-QUAIDS) with Household-Level Micro

More information

How do obese people afford to be obese? Consumption strategies of Russian households

How do obese people afford to be obese? Consumption strategies of Russian households How do obese people afford to be obese? Consumption strategies of Russian households MATTHIAS STAUDIEL Institute of Agricultural Policy and Market Research, University of iessen, ermany Matthias.Staudigel@agrar.uni-giessen.de

More information

Chronic Disease and Nutritional Underpinnings. Patrick Gélinas Dept. of Exercise and Sports Science USC Aiken

Chronic Disease and Nutritional Underpinnings. Patrick Gélinas Dept. of Exercise and Sports Science USC Aiken Chronic Disease and Nutritional Underpinnings Patrick Gélinas Dept. of Exercise and Sports Science USC Aiken Modern Diseases Difficult (impossible?) to gain information regarding diseases among prehistoric

More information

Dietary Guidelines Executive Summary

Dietary Guidelines Executive Summary Page 1 of 7 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines Executive Summary In this section: 1. The Guidelines 2. Key Recommendations Over the past century, deficiencies of essential nutrients have dramatically decreased,

More information

LOCAL FRUITS AND VEGETABLES: NUTRIENT CONTENT AND BARRIERS TO CONSUMPTION

LOCAL FRUITS AND VEGETABLES: NUTRIENT CONTENT AND BARRIERS TO CONSUMPTION LOCAL FRUITS AND VEGETABLES: NUTRIENT CONTENT AND BARRIERS TO CONSUMPTION BRIAN PAYNE B. S C. M. S C. M. P H I L. N ATIONAL N U T R I T I O N C E N T R E M I N I S T R Y O F H E AL T H OBJECTIVE Give an

More information

Swiss Food Panel. -A longitudinal study about eating behaviour in Switzerland- ENGLISH. Short versions of selected publications. Zuerich,

Swiss Food Panel. -A longitudinal study about eating behaviour in Switzerland- ENGLISH. Short versions of selected publications. Zuerich, Vertrag 10.008123 ENGLISH Swiss Food Panel -A longitudinal study about eating behaviour in Switzerland- Short versions of selected publications Zuerich, 16.10. 2013 Address for Correspondence ETH Zurich

More information

sociodemographic patterns of food purchasing and dietary intake

sociodemographic patterns of food purchasing and dietary intake A closer look at sociodemographic patterns of food purchasing and dietary intake in Northern Ireland 11 th October 2016 Joanne Casey Aims for today Nutrition surveillance in NI National Diet and Nutrition

More information

The Strategic Marketing Institute Working Paper

The Strategic Marketing Institute Working Paper The Strategic Marketing Institute Working Paper The Market for Organic and Fortified Eggs William A. Knudson 2-0104 January 2004 Introduction Eggs are an important part of the American diet. According

More information

Whole Grains: Dietary Recommendations, Intake Patterns, and Promotion

Whole Grains: Dietary Recommendations, Intake Patterns, and Promotion Just Ask for Whole Grains Conference Kansas City, Missouri November 5, 2007 Whole Grains: Dietary Recommendations, Intake Patterns, and Promotion Dr. Robert C. Post, Deputy Director Center for Nutrition

More information

How to Build Urban Food Systems for Better Diets, Nutrition, and Health in Low and Middle-Income Countries

How to Build Urban Food Systems for Better Diets, Nutrition, and Health in Low and Middle-Income Countries How to Build Urban Food Systems for Better Diets, Nutrition, and Health in Low and Middle-Income Countries Jef Leroy, IFPRI November 30, 2018, Bangkok Side event agenda JEF LEROY Senior Research Fellow

More information

HOUSEHOLD FOOD CONSUMPTION AND DEMAND FOR NUTRIENTS IN SRI LANKA

HOUSEHOLD FOOD CONSUMPTION AND DEMAND FOR NUTRIENTS IN SRI LANKA HOUSEHOLD FOOD CONSUMPTION AND DEMAND FOR NUTRIENTS IN SRI LANKA Manori Nimanthika Lokuge Dona Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics Texas Tech University Email: manori-nimanthika.lokuge@ttu.edu

More information

Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2005

Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2005 The DB Brown Research Chair on Obesity from Université Laval presents its Newsletter on Obesity: Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2005 The sixth edition of Dietary Guidelines for Americans was recently

More information

Use of Diversion Ratios in Addressing the Consequences of Tax Policies Associated with Non-alcoholic Beverages

Use of Diversion Ratios in Addressing the Consequences of Tax Policies Associated with Non-alcoholic Beverages 1 Use of Diversion Ratios in Addressing the Consequences of Tax Policies Associated with Non-alcoholic Beverages Senarath Dharmasena and Oral Capps, Jr. Abstract Monthly data derived from the Nielsen HomeScan

More information

The purpose of this report is to provide feedback to relevant Councils to help inform decision making on key issues.

The purpose of this report is to provide feedback to relevant Councils to help inform decision making on key issues. Store Nutrition Report Final Store Turnover Food and Nutrition Results Nganampa Health Council March 2013 Amanda Lee and Jamie Sheard Summary This report provides food and nutrition information about the

More information

A new approach to measuring Indian diet diversity: Healthy Eating Index

A new approach to measuring Indian diet diversity: Healthy Eating Index A new approach to measuring Indian diet diversity: Healthy Eating Index Mousumi Das Institute of Financial Management & Research (IFMR), Chennai, India World Bank, South Asia Region, India Suresh Babu

More information

ASSESSMENT OF DIETARY HABITS AMONG DIFFERENT INCOME GROUPS

ASSESSMENT OF DIETARY HABITS AMONG DIFFERENT INCOME GROUPS ASSESSMENT OF DIETARY HABITS AMONG DIFFERENT INCOME GROUPS *Priya. P and Rari John. K Department of Home Science, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvanthapuram, 695001 *Author for Correspondence

More information

Consumer Price Index October, 2011 (Base year 2007)

Consumer Price Index October, 2011 (Base year 2007) Consumer Price Index October, 2011 (Base year 2007) Nov 9. 2011 Issue No.2011. SCAD.CPI. No: 10 1 Executive summary The average rise in consumer prices for the first ten months of 2011 was 2.1 per cent,

More information

What are the patterns of dietary intake across the lifespan and the opportunities to support healthy aging?

What are the patterns of dietary intake across the lifespan and the opportunities to support healthy aging? What are the patterns of dietary intake across the lifespan and the opportunities to support healthy aging? Eve Stoody, PhD Lead Nutritionist U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CENTER FOR NUTRITION POLICY

More information

Your Guide to the Lunch Line

Your Guide to the Lunch Line Delicious & Nutritious! Your Guide to the Lunch Line How to Choose a Reimbursable Lunch in Middle School What is a Reimbursable Lunch? * The National School Lunch Program allows schools to receive money

More information

WEEK 1 GOAL SETTING & NUTRITION 101. with your Supermarket Registered Dietitian

WEEK 1 GOAL SETTING & NUTRITION 101. with your Supermarket Registered Dietitian WEEK 1 GOAL SETTING & NUTRITION 101 with your Supermarket Registered Dietitian Welcome to Week 1! We are excited you have decided to join us on this wellness journey! Please note that you should consult

More information

New Dietary Guidelines Will Help Americans Make Better. Food Choices, Live Healthier Lives

New Dietary Guidelines Will Help Americans Make Better. Food Choices, Live Healthier Lives U.S. Department of Health and Human Services New Dietary Guidelines Will Help Americans Make Better Food Choices, Live Healthier Lives January 12, 2005 Retrieved 01/18/05 from http://www.hhs.gov/news/press/2005pres/20050112.html

More information

Assessment Schedule 2011 Home Economics: Examine New Zealand food choices and eating patterns (90246)

Assessment Schedule 2011 Home Economics: Examine New Zealand food choices and eating patterns (90246) NCEA Level 2 Home Economics (90246) 2011 page 1 of 9 Assessment Schedule 2011 Home Economics: Examine New Zealand food choices and eating patterns (90246) Evidence Statement Question Evidence Code Achievement

More information

Pricing of Food: can we use this to promote healthy nutrition?

Pricing of Food: can we use this to promote healthy nutrition? EUPHA Section on Food and Nutrition PRE-CONFERENCE on WEDNESDAY 9 NOVEMBER 2016, Vienna, Austria Pricing of Food: can we use this to promote healthy nutrition? Consumers choice of food consumption and

More information

Nutrition Standards for All Foods Sold in School. Interim Final Rule USDA

Nutrition Standards for All Foods Sold in School. Interim Final Rule USDA Nutrition Standards for All Foods Sold in School Interim Final Rule USDA The School Nutrition Environment Improving the nutritional profile of all foods sold in school is critical to: improving diet and

More information

2018 Global Nutrition

2018 Global Nutrition Professor Corinna Hawkes Director, Centre for Food Policy, City, University of London Co-Chair, Independent Expert Group of the Global Nutrition Report 2018 Global Nutrition Report November 2018 About

More information

NATIONAL NUTRITION WEEK 2012: A Food Guide to Healthy Eating

NATIONAL NUTRITION WEEK 2012: A Food Guide to Healthy Eating NATIONAL NUTRITION WEEK 2012: A Food Guide to Healthy Eating September 2012 INTRODUCTION This serves as a background document highlighting the key messages to be used throughout National Nutrition Week

More information

Are Child Eating Patterns Being Transformed Globally?

Are Child Eating Patterns Being Transformed Globally? Public Health and Public Policy Are Child Eating Patterns Being Transformed Globally? Linda S. Adair and Barry M. Popkin Abstract ADAIR, LINDA S. AND BARRY M. POPKIN. Are child eating patterns being transformed

More information

The Nutrition Transition

The Nutrition Transition This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License. Your use of this material constitutes acceptance of that license and the conditions of use of materials on this

More information

User Guide: The Thrifty Food Plan Calculator

User Guide: The Thrifty Food Plan Calculator User Guide: The Thrifty Food Plan Calculator Parke Wilde, Joseph Llobrera, and Flannery Campbell Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University Overview This calculator is a tool for

More information

Assessment of pediatric malnutrition and household food insecurity in Kisii and Nyamira, Kenya

Assessment of pediatric malnutrition and household food insecurity in Kisii and Nyamira, Kenya Assessment of pediatric malnutrition and household food insecurity in Kisii and Nyamira, Kenya Kevin Forey, MD-MBA Health Administration, Class of 2018 Blair Gifford, PhD Professor of Management and Health

More information

Sustainable Food Consumption: Some Selected Issues and Policies

Sustainable Food Consumption: Some Selected Issues and Policies Sustainable Food Consumption: Some Selected Issues and Policies Xavier Irz, LUKE Economics & Society Research Unit (e-mail: xavier.irz@luke.fi) Raisio Oyj:n Tutkimussäätiö ELINTARVIKETUOTANNON KESTÄVYYS

More information

Dietary Fat Guidance from The Role of Lean Beef in Achieving Current Dietary Recommendations

Dietary Fat Guidance from The Role of Lean Beef in Achieving Current Dietary Recommendations Dietary Fat Guidance from 1980-2006 The Role of Lean Beef in Achieving Current Dietary Recommendations Penny Kris-Etherton, Ph.D., R.D. Department of Nutritional Sciences Pennsylvania State University

More information

EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE OF THE EFFICIENCY AND EFFICACY OF FAT TAXES AND THIN SUBSIDIES

EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE OF THE EFFICIENCY AND EFFICACY OF FAT TAXES AND THIN SUBSIDIES Cent Eur J Public Health 2014; 22 (3): 201 206 EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE OF THE EFFICIENCY AND EFFICACY OF FAT TAXES AND THIN SUBSIDIES J. Stephen Clark 1, Ludwig O. Dittrich 2, Qin Xu 3 1 Dalhousie University,

More information

The State of Food and Agriculture 2013: Food systems for better nutrition Questions and Answers

The State of Food and Agriculture 2013: Food systems for better nutrition Questions and Answers The State of Food and Agriculture 2013: Food systems for better nutrition Questions and Answers What is malnutrition? Malnutrition is an abnormal physiological condition caused by inadequate, unbalanced

More information

Københavns Universitet. Financial penalties on unhealthy foods Smed, Sinne. Publication date: 2011

Københavns Universitet. Financial penalties on unhealthy foods Smed, Sinne. Publication date: 2011 university of copenhagen Københavns Universitet Financial penalties on unhealthy foods Smed, Sinne Publication date: 2011 Document Version Early version, also known as pre-print Citation for published

More information

A Food Demand System Estimation for Uganda

A Food Demand System Estimation for Uganda IIIS Discussion Paper No.396/ March 2012 A Food Demand System Estimation for Uganda Ole Boysen, IIIS Research Associate, Trinity College Dublin IIIS Discussion Paper No. 396 A Food Demand System Estimation

More information

Purchasing Patterns for Nutritional-Enhanced Foods: The case of Calcium-Enriched Orange Juice

Purchasing Patterns for Nutritional-Enhanced Foods: The case of Calcium-Enriched Orange Juice Purchasing Patterns for Nutritional-Enhanced Foods: The case of Calcium-Enriched Orange Juice By Alla Golub, James J Binkley, and Mark Denbaly Dept of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University; (Golub

More information

Fad Diets: Superfood or Super Hype 5/30/2017. Objectives. 1.) Fad Diets vs. Balanced Diets. 2.) New Food Trends

Fad Diets: Superfood or Super Hype 5/30/2017. Objectives. 1.) Fad Diets vs. Balanced Diets. 2.) New Food Trends Superfood or Super Hype Dr. Barbara Ann Hughes PhD, MPH, RDN, FADA, FAND Objectives 1.) Fad Diets vs. Balanced Diets 2.) New Food Trends 3.) How to discern which nutritional information is true 4.) How

More information

Consumer Sovereignty and Healthy Eating: Dilemmas for Research and Policy. W Bruce Traill The University of Reading

Consumer Sovereignty and Healthy Eating: Dilemmas for Research and Policy. W Bruce Traill The University of Reading Consumer Sovereignty and Healthy Eating: Dilemmas for Research and Policy W Bruce Traill The University of Reading Dimensions of a healthy diet 1. Food is safe 2. Healthy total energy intake plus balance

More information

14th Biennial Sunflower Conference June Consumer Trends & Usage of Fats & Oils. Charles Aldersey

14th Biennial Sunflower Conference June Consumer Trends & Usage of Fats & Oils. Charles Aldersey 14th Biennial Sunflower Conference June 2003 Consumer Trends & Usage of Fats & Oils Charles Aldersey Contents World Usage of Fats & Oils World Consumption Trends in Fats & oils Domestic Consumer Trends

More information

Laos - Food and Nutrition Security Profiles

Laos - Food and Nutrition Security Profiles Key Indicators Laos - Food and Nutrition Security Profiles In Lao PDR, GDP per capita has increased consistently during recent years, as has Dietary Energy Supply (DES) per person. Nevertheless, undernutrition

More information

Current issues in childhood overweight and obesity: a clinical and public health perspective.

Current issues in childhood overweight and obesity: a clinical and public health perspective. Current issues in childhood overweight and obesity: a clinical and public health perspective. Many factors influence a person s diet. Human biology and physiological needs Costs of food and level of income

More information

Food consumption changes in Botswana since Naomi Setshegetso 1

Food consumption changes in Botswana since Naomi Setshegetso 1 Abstract Food consumption changes in Botswana since 1966 Naomi Setshegetso 1 Historically, Botswana has predominantly been an agricultural country (mainly cattle farming) until the discovery of diamonds

More information

Food purchase patterns: empirical identification and analysis of their association with diet quality, socioeconomic factors, and attitudes

Food purchase patterns: empirical identification and analysis of their association with diet quality, socioeconomic factors, and attitudes Thiele et al. Nutrition Journal (2017) 16:69 DOI 10.1186/s12937-017-0292-z RESEARCH Food purchase patterns: empirical identification and analysis of their association with diet quality, socioeconomic factors,

More information

DIETARY GUIDELINES FOR AMERICANS EIGHTH EDITION

DIETARY GUIDELINES FOR AMERICANS EIGHTH EDITION DIETARY GUIDELINES FOR AMERICANS 2015-2020 EIGHTH EDITION Executive Summary Over the past century, deficiencies of essential nutrients have dramatically decreased, many infectious diseases have been conquered,

More information

DIETARY GUIDELINES FOR AMERICANS, ,

DIETARY GUIDELINES FOR AMERICANS, , DIETARY GUIDELINES FOR AMERICANS, 2015-2020, AND THE STATE OF THE AMERICAN DIET Vanessa da Silva, PhD, RD Assistant Professor and Nutrition Specialist University of Arizona DIETARY GUIDELINES FOR AMERICANS

More information

Functions of Food. To provide us with energy and keep us active. For growth and repair of the. body. To stop us from feeling hungry.

Functions of Food. To provide us with energy and keep us active. For growth and repair of the. body. To stop us from feeling hungry. Functions of Food To provide us with energy and keep us active. For growth and repair of the body. To stop us from feeling hungry. To keep us healthy and fight diseases. Nutrients Macro/Micro Nutrient

More information

Nutrition and Health Foundation Seminar

Nutrition and Health Foundation Seminar Nutrition and Health Foundation Seminar Presentation by Brian Mullen Health Promotion Policy Unit Department of Health and Children Prevalence of overweight and obesity has been described by WHO as an

More information

Research Article A Study to Assess Relationship Between Nutrition Knowledge and Food Choices Among Young Females

Research Article A Study to Assess Relationship Between Nutrition Knowledge and Food Choices Among Young Females Cronicon OPEN ACCESS EC NUTRITION Research Article A Study to Assess Relationship Between Nutrition Knowledge and Food Choices Among Young Females Maidah Nawaz 1 *, Samia Khalid 1 and Sania Ahmed 2 1 Department

More information

Why the Increase In Obesity

Why the Increase In Obesity Obesity From an Economist s Perspective Eric Finkelstein, PhD, MHA RTI INTERNATIONAL The Economics of Obesity (outline) Why the Increase in Obesity Rates Adverse Health Consequences Why do (or should)

More information

The composition of the food groups

The composition of the food groups 2. Food and nutrients 2.2 The nutritional value of food 2.2.2 The composition of the food groups NUTRIENT CONTENT Foodstuffs are grouped according to their nutrient content. They often comprise several

More information

Instructor s Manual for Unit 2 The Inside Story about Nutrition and Health

Instructor s Manual for Unit 2 The Inside Story about Nutrition and Health Instructor s Manual for Unit 2 The Inside Story about Nutrition and Health Class Preparation Materials in the Instructor s Manual for Unit 2 Learning Objectives Brief Chapter Outline Answers to Global

More information

Trends in food availability in Portugal the DAFNE III project

Trends in food availability in Portugal the DAFNE III project Trends in food availability in Portugal the DAFNE III project Rodrigues SSP and de Almeida MDV Faculty of Food and Nutrition Sciences of Porto University - Portugal Introduction The use of household budget

More information

WORKING DOCUMENT ON THE SETTING OF NUTRIENT PROFILES

WORKING DOCUMENT ON THE SETTING OF NUTRIENT PROFILES EUROPEAN COMMISSION HEALTH AND CONSUMERS DIRECTORATE-GENERAL Brussels, 13 February 2009 WORKING DOCUMENT ON THE SETTING OF NUTRIENT PROFILES Preliminary draft Legal proposal Prepared by the Commission

More information

FNS. State Agencies. Program Operators Participants

FNS. State Agencies. Program Operators Participants Ending Hunger Improving Nutrition Combating Obesity FNS State Agencies Program Operators Participants About 1 in 4 Americans participates in at least 1 of the U.S. Department of Agriculture s (USDA) domestic

More information

Are Organic Beverages Substitutes for Non-Organic Counterparts? Household-Level Semiparametric Censored Demand Systems Approach

Are Organic Beverages Substitutes for Non-Organic Counterparts? Household-Level Semiparametric Censored Demand Systems Approach Are Organic Beverages Substitutes for Non-Organic Counterparts? Household-Level Semiparametric Censored Demand Systems Approach Senarath Dharmasena Department of Agricultural Economics Texas A&M University

More information

The nutritional and environmental effects of the UK 5- a- day policy

The nutritional and environmental effects of the UK 5- a- day policy The nutritional and environmental effects of the UK 5- a- day policy Concetta Castiglione, Mario Mazzocchi Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Bologna Abstract Over the last two decades,

More information