Cross-sectional study exploring knowledge, attitude, and barriers toward menstruation among pharmacists in Ajman, UAE
|
|
- Priscilla Wilcox
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Research Article Cross-sectional study exploring knowledge, attitude, and barriers toward menstruation among pharmacists in Ajman, UAE Ghader Ayman Koujan 1, Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun 2 * ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study is to assess pharmacists knowledge and attitude about menstruation and barriers that prevent them from providing menstruation counseling/services in Ajman, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was planned to approach potential respondents for the study. A self-administered questionnaire was delivered to pharmacists in public or private pharmacies (n = 50) practising in Ajman, UAE. Results: This study showed that 58% of the pharmacists had shown a good level of knowledge toward menstruation; however, confusion between the types of dysmenorrhea was observed among respondent pharmacists and 70% of them had not participated in menstrual disorder educational program. About 94% of pharmacists responded that they would like more education on menstrual disorders. The present study illustrated also that lack of time of the patients (76%) and patient health beliefs (76%) were the most common barriers that impact the pharmacist ability to provide menstrual counseling services. Conclusion: There is an essential need for educational interventions among the pharmacists to improve and update their knowledge about menstrual disorder. KEY WORDS: Attitude, Menstruation knowledge, Health-care providers INTRODUCTION Menstruation is considered a natural phenomenon in the reproductive life of every female. Referred to as menstrual period, it marks the start of a woman s reproductive life. Although it is a normal physiological process, it is something that is not openly discussed in rural areas. It is even considered an inconvenience and sometimes embarrassing even in developed countries. [1] A normal menstrual cycle depends on hormones released from hypothalamuspituitary and ovaries. Its reaction from each other and effect on the endometrium dictates a normal or abnormal flow. Menstrual disorder is common among adolescents and young adults. It affects their quality of life, especially those who suffer from dysmenorrhea and heavy menstruation. There are several menstrual disorders that are experienced by women during this period. The most common are excessive uterine bleeding, dysmenorrhea, Access this article online Website: jprsolutions.info ISSN: and premenstrual syndrome. [2] Improper behavior toward menstruation is one of the markers of poor knowledge. Several studies evaluating knowledge about menstruation among adolescent girls worldwide in different countries obtained varied results. One study assessed knowledge and beliefs toward menstruation among 400 female nursing students in Saudi Arabia revealed that a high percentage lacked knowledge and correct beliefs regarding menstruation. [3] This finding was reasonably similar to a study conducted in the urban area of Nigeria, which reflected a general lack of information about menstrual issues. [4] Another study assessed knowledge and practices related to menstruation among 200 girls in the age group of years at tribal (Gujjar) reported a lack of conceptual clarity about the process of menstruation before the start of menstruation. [5] This is consistent with the results revealed by another study in which 43.8% of Saudi girls in Taif were below the standard level of menstrual knowledge. [6] Moreover, several studies showed that there is a gap in the level of awareness about menstruation among female when they first experienced it. [7-9] 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE, 2 Department of Public Health and Safety, Consumer Product Safety Section, Dubai Municipality, UAE *Corresponding author: Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun, Department of Public Health and Safety, Consumer Product Safety Section, Dubai Municipality, UAE. dr_ammar_91_@hotmail.com Received on: ; Revised on: ; Accepted on: Journal of Pharmacy Research Vol 11 Issue
2 In another study, Lawan et al., on menstruation and menstrual hygiene among adolescent school girls in Kano, Nigeria, reported poor knowledge about the physiological aspects and psychology of menstruation. [10] However, a cross-sectional survey in the nursing college of Kufa university among 87 female students identified acceptable and fair level of awareness toward menstruation. [11] Similar response was observed by other studies in which an average level of awareness regarding menstrual aspects was reported. [12,13] Findings and reports from other studies also showed a good knowledge about menstrual disorders and management among adolescent students. [14-17] Menstrual education and preparation of adolescent girls before the start of menstruation is considered one of the most important factors promoting and advancing their behavior in dealing with menstruation. Thus, the findings of several studies revealed that the majority of the participants learned of menses before its onset. [5,18-20] On the other hand, these findings are in contrast to the results reported by Reddy et al. who revealed that only one in seven of the adolescent girls had knowledge of menses before its onset. [21] Regarding the health effects and symptoms associated with menstruation, 50% of adolescent females recognized that menstruation is usually associated with pain while 22.5% of them said that it is usually associated with weight gain. [22] Moreover, pain in the lower abdomen and backache were the most common symptoms identified by the adolescent females. [12] In addition, 51% of adolescent girls consider that dizziness was the highest health effect associated with menstruation. [16] In another study by Dhingra et al., stomach ache was the most common identified complication faced by the adolescent during the menstruation. [5] This was in accordance with the study of Kumar et al. which showed that 80% of the females reported pain in the abdomen as the most common complaint. [14] However, no known studies have examined the knowledge and beliefs of pharmacists regarding menstruation. Therefore, the purpose of this research study was to assess the knowledge and attitude about menstruation among pharmacists who worked at public and private pharmacies and health-care centers and to identify the barriers that prevent them from providing menstruation counseling/services. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study Design and Study Setting This study was cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey carried out in public or private pharmacies and medical centers in Ajman/United Arab Emirates (UAE) between January and May The study aimed to assess knowledge and attitude and to explore the impact of pharmacist intervention in the management of menstrual disorder. Study Participants 50 pharmacists of different age groups and nationalities were randomly recruited from several public, private pharmacies, and health centers in Ajman, UAE. Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria Pharmacists and assistant pharmacists who were worked at public and private hospitals and clinics and healthcare centers in Ajman/UAE were invited to complete a self-administered questionnaire. Pharmacists working in other Emirates were excluded from the study. Data Collection (Study Tool) Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data from the participants. The questionnaire was designed to assess: (1) The knowledge, attitude of the pharmacists toward menstruation, and their role in the management of menstrual disorders and (2) the barriers that the pharmacist may encounter when providing menstruation counseling or services. A total of 50 questionnaires were distributed by trained pharmacy students to pharmacists in Ajman city. The questionnaire was composed of six sections: Section one consisted of 6 questions in total which include demographic data (gender, age group, experience year, position in pharmacy, pharmacy location, and participation in health education program related to menstrual disorder). The second section of the questionnaire was designed with the aim to assess the pharmacists knowledge regarding menstruation and consisted of 22 questions. Each question response was scored as yes, no, or do not know. Correct option scored 1 while incorrect response scored zero. A total score of 22 was obtained. A score of 70% and above was judged to be good, 50-69% fair, and <50% poor. The third section consisted of 5 questions to measure the pharmacist view and attitude on menstruation. The fourth section contains 6 questions to explore the barriers that impact the pharmacist ability to provide specific menstruation counseling or services. The fifth section contains 3 questions to estimate the prevalence of treatments and medications used for menstrual pain management. Ethical Principles The participation in this study was voluntary, and confidentiality of the participants was maintained at all time. Before the administration of questionnaires, the background of the survey was explained and written informed consent forms were signed before data collection. Validation and Pre-testing of Questionnaire Before the study, the validity of the questionnaires for their content and relevance was assured by subject 938 Journal of Pharmacy Research Vol 11 Issue
3 experts consisting of faculty at the college of Pharmacy at Ajman University. Then, they were translated into Arabic language and validated for the readability by distributing them on a pilot sample of 10 pharmacists to clarify any ambiguities. Statistical Analysis On the receipt of completed survey forms, the data were analyzed using the statistical package for Social Sciences version 20. Descriptive analysis was employed, and the results were expressed in frequency, percentage, bar chart, and pie chart. RESULTS Sociodemographic Characteristics of the Pharmacists Table 1 showed the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants. 50 questionnaires were collected from Ajman, UAE pharmacists who were working in different pharmacies and hospitals. Knowledge of Pharmacist toward Menstruation It can be seen from the Table 2 that the overall percentage of correct answers was from 30% to 100%. The highest percentage of participants were aware that imbalance in the level of body hormones can cause menstrual disorders. However, only 30% of responding participants correctly identified that primary dysmenorrhea occurs when there is no identifiable underlying pelvic pathology. Assessment of Menstrual Knowledge A 21-item questions package was used to assess pharmacists knowledge toward menstruation and its management. A correct response was rated 1 while incorrect option was scored zero. A total score of 21 Table 1: Sociodemographic Sociodemographic (n=50) Frequency (%) Gender Male 15 (30) Female 35 (70) Age group (92) (8) Years of experience 1 5 years 40 (80) 6 10 years 7 (14) years 3 (6) Position in the pharmacy Senior pharmacist 14 (28) Pharmacist 36 (72) Pharmacy location Hospital pharmacy 11 (22) Medical center 9 (18) Community pharmacy 30 (60) Participation in menstrual disorder education program Yes 15 (30) No 35 (70) was obtainable. A score of 70% and above was judged to be good, 50-69% fair, and <50% poor. For study participants, the overall mean of knowledge score was with ± standard deviation of In all, 58% of the respondents had good knowledge toward menstruation, and 38% of the studied subjects had fair knowledge while 4% had poor knowledge (Figure 1). Attitude of Pharmacists toward Menstruation It can be observed from Table 3 that there was a positive attitude toward menstruation where 94% of pharmacists prefer to get more knowledge regarding the menstrual disorders and 90% of them believed that there are a misunderstanding and lack of attention to the issue of menstruation. Furthermore, 96% of the pharmacists agreed that a course on menstrual disorder management should be established at the university level. Response of Pharmacists to Barriers Questions It can be seen from Table 4 that lack of the time by the pharmacist, patient health beliefs, and language barriers were the most barriers that impact the pharmacist ability to provide specific menstruation counseling or services. Menstrual Disorder s Managements Figures 2-4 showed that 64% of respondent pharmacists reported that the most common menstrual disorder was Dysmenorrhea, and the commonly used OTC medication to relief dysmenorrhea was mefenamic acid. Moreover, most of pharmacists (60%) responded that hormonal contraception is preferred when nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) fail to relieve pain or contraindicated. DISCUSSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate pharmacists knowledge and attitude Figure 1: Distribution of knowledge category among pharmacists Journal of Pharmacy Research Vol 11 Issue
4 Table 2: Knowledge of pharmacists toward menstruation Knowledge correct response Total n (%) n=50 Senior pharmacist n (%) n=14 Pharmacist n (%) n=36 Menstruation is a bloody discharge from the uterus to the 47 (94) 14 (100) 33 (91.7) vagina? (Yes) Heavy menstrual flow is an example of menstrual 43 (86) 13 (92.9) 30 (83.3) disorders? (Yes) Imbalance in the level of body hormones can cause menstrual 50 (100) 14 (100) 36 (100) Disorders? (Yes) Stress can predispose to menstrual disorders? (Yes) 45 (90) 12 (85.7) 33 (91.7) Women who have never given birth have a higher 30 (60) 9 (64.3) 21 (58.3) risk of experiencing severe, frequent cramping during menstruation? (Yes) Consumption of adequate diet could help alleviate some 43 (86) 12 (85.7) 31 (86.1) menstrual disorders? (Yes) Menstrual disorders may be associated with infertility? (Yes) 36 (72) 10 (71.4) 26 (72.2) Restriction of food intake for the fear of gaining weight can 38 (76) 8 (57.1) 30 (83.3) cause some menstrual problems (Yes) Self initiated vomiting after overeating can cause menstrual 22 (44) 7 (50) 15 (41.7) problems? (Yes) Menstrual disorder is common among younger age 36 (72) 11 (78.6) 25 (69.4) women? (Yes) Being excessively overweight or underweight can increase the 42 (84) 12 (85.7) 30 (83.3) risk for some menstrual disorders? (Yes) Some diseases of the reproductive organs can predispose to 42 (84) 13 (92.9) 29 (80.6) menstrual disorders? (Yes) Some menstrual disorders might signify a form of abnormality 45 (90) 14 (100) 31 (86.1) in the reproductive system that need medical attention (Yes) Menstruation can occur in other parts of the body other than 22 (44) 8 (57.1) 14 (38.9) the uterus? (Yes) Engaging in exercise can help to relieve some discomforts 40 (80) 12 (85.7) 28 (77.8) associated with menstruation? (Yes) Applying heating pad to the abdomen can help control pain as 45 (90) 13 (92.9) 32 (88.9) a result of menstruation? (Yes) Contraceptives can help to relieve pain associated with 30 (60) 12 (85.7) 18 (50.0) menstruation? (Yes) Regulating the intake of sugary foods can help control some 31 (62) 9 (64.3) 22 (61.1) menstrual problems? (Yes) Iron supplements can help control menstrual pain? (No) 38 (76) 11 (78.6) 27 (75) Self medication may be harmful for management of menstrual 38 (76) 12 (85.7) 26 (72.2) disorders (Yes) Primary dysmenorrhea occurs when there is identifiable 15 (30) 2 (14.3) 13 (36.1) underlying pelvic pathology? (No) Primary dysmenorrhea may be effectively managed with OTC (Yes) 37 (74) 9 (64.3) 28 (77.8) Table 3: Attitude of pharmacists toward menstruation Attitude Total n (%) n=50 Menstruation is associated with some discomforts which may affect women s health and academic activities of students? (Yes) Do you think that there are a misunderstanding and lack of attention to the issue of menstruation? (Yes) Dysmenorrhea is the most gynecological symptoms reported by women? (Yes) Do you think it is necessary to get more information about menstrual disorder? (Yes) Is it necessary to establish the course Menstrual disorder management at the university level? (Yes) Senior pharmacist n (%) n=14 Pharmacist n (%) n=36 44 (88) 13 (92.9) 31 (86.1) 45 (90) 12 (85.7) 33 (91.7) 39 (78) 9 (64.3) 30 (83.3) 47 (94) 12 (85.7) 35 (97.2) 48 (96) 13 (92.9) 35 (97.2) about menstruation and barriers that prevent them from providing menstruation counseling/services in the Arab and Gulf region. Due to the busy health systems such that in United Arab Emirates (UAE), pharmacists as part of this therapeutic network should be thoroughly involved in care, cooperate with other 940 Journal of Pharmacy Research Vol 11 Issue
5 Table 4: Response of pharmacists to barriers questions Barriers Total n (%) n=50 Senior pharmacist n (%) n=14 Pharmacist n (%) n=36 Lack of time by the pharmacist (Yes) 30 (60) 8 (57.1) 22 (61.1) Lack of time by the patients (Yes) 38 (76) 10 (71.4) 28 (77.8) Pharmacist perception that it is not their role (Yes) 19 (38) 4 (28.6) 15 (41.7) Language barriers (Yes) 36 (72) 8 (57.1) 28 (77.8) Patient health beliefs (Yes) 38 (76) 10 (71.4) 28 (77.8) Conflict between professional and commercial interests 27 (54) 10 (71.4) 17 (47.2) Figure 2: Distribution of menstrual disorder according to pharmacists Figure 3: Distribution of common OTC according to pharmacists health staff, and perform pharmaceutical services to deliver safe and adequate counseling about diseases and medications. The present study also addressed the importance of raising awareness of pharmacists role in the management of menstrual disorders. 50 questionnaires were collected from pharmacists who were working in different pharmacies and hospitals in Ajman, UAE. It can be seen that the majority of the participant pharmacists (92%) were in the age group of years. Males constituted 30% of sample and 70% of respondents were female. Regarding their experience, more than three quarters (80%) of the studied sample had 1-5 years of experience. According to participant s position in the pharmacy, the majority Figure 4: Distribution of hormonal contraception according to pharmacists of them (72%) were general pharmacists, and 28% were pharmacists in charge senior pharmacists. The majority of the studied group (60%) worked in community pharmacy, 22% in hospital pharmacy, and 18% in medical center. About 70% of those pharmacists had not participated in menstrual disorder educational program before. The present study revealed that 58% of the pharmacists had shown a good level of knowledge toward menstruation and associated risk factors, whereas 38% had acceptable knowledge and 4% had poor knowledge. However, the positive knowledge response was not assuring enough when the results were traced down to specific questions. Interestingly, about three quarters of the study participants (70%) wrongly identified that primary dysmenorrhea occurs when there is identifiable underlying pathology. Such wrong perception might be related to their confusion between the types of dysmenorrhea. Moreover, only 44% of the participant pharmacists knew that menstruation can occur in other parts of the body other than the uterus. The attitude of the participant pharmacists with regard to menstruation was found to be positive. 90% of them agreed that there is misunderstanding and lack of attention to the issue of menstruation, and 88% of them believed that menstruation is associated with some discomforts which may affect women s health and the academic activities of students. In our study, pharmacists recognized the importance of menstruation and the majority responded that they would like more education on menstrual Journal of Pharmacy Research Vol 11 Issue
6 disorders (94%). In addition, 96% of them believed in the importance of establishing menstrual disorder management course at the university level. Nowadays, pharmacy practice became more patient centred which provides optimal drug therapy to improve patient outcomes. Efforts to better understand the barriers that impact the pharmacist ability to provide menstrual counseling services was outlined and explored in the present study. It was found that lack of time by the patients (76%) and patient health beliefs (76%) were the most common barriers identified by the pharmacists. Other barriers have been found include language barriers (72%), lack of time by the pharmacist (60%), conflict between professional and commercial interests (54%), and pharmacist perception that it is not their role (38%). Regarding the treatments and medications used for menstrual pain management, about 64% of respondent pharmacists said that the most menstrual disorder appeared and faced in their working place was dysmenorrhea, and the most OTC medication used to relieve dysmenorrhea was mefenamic acid. Moreover, most of pharmacists (60%) thought that hormonal contraception is preferred when NSAIDs fail to relieve pain or contraindicated with female. Limitations The limitations in the present study were that a selfadministered questionnaire was used, instead of the face-to-face interviews and it was conducted only in one emirate. CONCLUSION The results of the study emphasized the importance of introducing an educational interventions among the pharmacists to improve and update their knowledge about menstrual disorder. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Authors would like to thank Prof. Dr. Abdelazim Ahmed Al and Dr. Nihal Abdalla for their precious help and for their assistance and valuable remarks. REFERENCES 1. Abrahams S, Fraser I, Gebskin V, Knight C, Llewellyn- Jones D, Mire M, et al. Menstruation, menstrual protection and menstrual cycle problem; Knowledge, attitudes and practices of young Australian women. Med J Aust. 1985;142(4): Cakir M, Mungan I, Karakas T, Girisken I, Okten A. Menstrual pattern and common menstrual disorders among university students in Turkey. Pediatr Int. 2007;49(6): Karout N. Prevalence and pattern of menstrual problems and relationship with some factors among Saudi nursing students. J Nurs Educ Pract. 2016;5: Campagne DM, Campagne G. The premenstrual syndrome revisited. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2007;130(1): Dhingra R, Kumar A, Kour M. Knowledge and practices related to menstruation among tribal (Gujjar) adolescent girls. Ethnomedicine. 2009;3(1): Alosaimi J. Saudi intermediate school girls knowledge, attitude and practices about puberty in Taif, Saudi Arabia. Int J Med Sci Public Health. 2014;3(2): Ahuja A, Tewari S. Awareness of pubertal changes among adolescent girls. J Fam Welf. 1995;41(1): Khanna A, Goyal RS, Bhawsar R. Menstrual practices and reproductive problems: A study of adolescent girls in Rajasthan. J Health Manage. 2005;7(1): Singh AJ. Place of menstruation in the reproductive lives of women of rural north India. Indian J Commun Med. 2006;31(1): Lawan UM, Yusuf NW, Musa AB. Menstruation and menstrual hygiene amongst adolescent school girls. Afr J Reprod Health. 2010;14(3): Khudair FW. Assessment the level of awareness of female students toward menstruation in nursing college. Kufa J Nurs Sci. 2013;3(1): Nagar S, Aimol KR. Knowledge of adolescent girls regarding menstruation in tribal areas of Meghalaya, department of human development, college of home science, dakopgre tura , Meghalaya, India. Stud Tribes Tribals. 2010;8(1): Bhattacherjee S, Ray K, Biswas R, Chakraborty M. Menstruation: Experiences of adolescent slum dwelling girls of Siliguri City, West Bengal, India. J Basic Clin Reprod Sci. 2013;2(2): Kumar K, Datta A, Bandyopadhyay A. Knowledge, problems and practices of adolescent girls during menstruation. Indian Med Gaz. 2015;149(3): Titilayo A, Agunbiade OM, Banjo O, Lawani A. Menstrual discomfort and it s influence on daily academic activities and psychosocial relationship among undergraduate females in Nigeria. Tanzan J Health Res. 2009;11(4): Olowokere AE, Oginni MO, Olajubu AO, William AE, Irinoye OO. Menstrual disorders: The implications on health and academic activities of female undergraduates in a federal university in Nigeria. J Nurs Educ Pract. 2014;4(5): ISSN E-ISSN Kamalam KJ, Rajalakshmi B. Reproductive health awareness among college going girls. Indian J Soc Work. 2005;66(4): Bobhate P, Shrivastava S. A cross sectional study of knowledge and practices about reproductive health among female adolescents in an urban slum of Mumbai. J Fam Reprod Health. 2011;5(4): Houston AM, Abraham A, Huang Z, D Angelo LJ. Knowledge, attitudes and consequences of menstrual health in urban adolescents females. J Peadiatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2006;19(4): Thakre SB, Thakre SS, Reddy M, Rathi N, Pathak K, Ughade S, et al. Menstrual hygiene-knowledge and practice among adolescents school girls of Saoner, Nagpur District. J Clin Diagn Res. 2011;5(5): Reddy P, Rani D, Reddy G, Reddy K. Reproductive health constraints of adolescents school girls. Indian J Soc Work. 2005;66(4): Helal EA, Elarousy WH. Menstrual attitude and knowledge among Egyptian female adolescents. J Am Sci. 2012;8(6): Journal of Pharmacy Research Vol 11 Issue
Prevalence of dysmenorrhea in young women (16 25 years): A cross-sectional study
Prevalence of dysmenorrhea in young women (16 25 years): A cross-sectional study Henna Haris 1 *, Jameel Ummar 1, Mohammad Maaz 1, Mohammad Mustafa 1, Shazia Aslam 1, Rizwana B Shaikh 2, Shatha Al Sharbatti
More informationJMSCR Vol 06 Issue 07 Page July 2018
www.jmscr.igmpublication.org Impact Factor (SJIF): 6.379 Index Copernicus Value: 71.58 ISSN (e)-2347-176x ISSN (p) 2455-0450 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i7.127 A Cross-Sectional Study to Assess
More informationImpact factor: 3.958/ICV: 4.10 ISSN:
Impact factor: 3.958/ICV: 4.10 ISSN: 0976-7908 145 Pharma Science Monitor 8(3), Jul-Sep 2017 PHARMA SCIENCE MONITOR AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES Journal home page: http://www.pharmasm.com
More informationOriginal Research Article. Sutanuka Santra* DOI:
International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health Santra S. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2017 Mar;4(3):708-712 http://www.ijcmph.com pissn 2394-6032 eissn 2394-6040 Original Research
More informationInternational Journal of Research in Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics
International Journal of Research in Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics ISSN Print: 2278 2648 IJRPP Vol 3 Issue 1 Jan - Mar -2014 ISSN Online: 2278-2656 Journal Home page: Research article Open Access
More informationA study of prevalence and impact of dysmenorrhea and its associated symptoms among adolescent girls residing in slum areas of Vadodara city, Gujarat
Research Article A study of prevalence and impact of dysmenorrhea and its associated symptoms among adolescent girls residing in slum areas of Vadodara city, Gujarat Grishma Dinesh Chauhan 1, Anuj Harish
More informationAssessment of suboptimal health status and their associated risks in university students: A cross-sectional study, UAE
Research Article Assessment of suboptimal health status and their associated risks in university students: A cross-sectional study, UAE Saba Saleh Al-Hemyari 1 *, Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun 2, Naseem Abdulla
More informationA CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY ON AWARENESS ABOUT MENSTRUAL HYGIENE AMONG RUR AL WOMEN
A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY ON AWARENESS ABOUT MENSTRUAL HYGIENE AMONG RUR AL WOMEN P. Seenivasan [1], K. Caroline Priya [1], Arthi.E [2], Gaviya.G [2], Kanchana Devi.B [2], Karunya.C [2], Midhuna.G [2], Priyadharshini.R
More informationInternational Journal of Health Sciences and Research ISSN:
International Journal of Health Sciences and Research www.ijhsr.org ISSN: 2249-9571 Original Research Article Study of the Prevalence and Severity of Dysmenorrhea among the University Students of Hail
More informationWomen, Hormones & The Menstrual Cycle: Herbal & Medical Solutions From Adolescence To Menopause By Ruth Trickey READ ONLINE
Women, Hormones & The Menstrual Cycle: Herbal & Medical Solutions From Adolescence To Menopause By Ruth Trickey READ ONLINE It is a book for every woman who is interested in how her body works and the
More informationKNOWLEDGE AND BELIEFS ON FEMALE BREAST CANCER AMONG MALE STUDENTS IN A PRIVATE UNIVERSITY, MALAYSIA
ORIGINAL ARTICLE KNOWLEDGE AND BELIEFS ON FEMALE BREAST CANCER AMONG MALE STUDENTS IN A PRIVATE UNIVERSITY, MALAYSIA Hasanain Faisal Ghazi, Maged Elnajeh, Afifah Azri, Mohammed AbdalQader, Mohammad Faez,
More informationDownloaded from journal.gums.ac.ir at 14:30 IRDT on Thursday August 16th 2018
(MD) - (MD) - (MD) * : * z_panahandeh@yahoo.com : // : // :. :. :., :.,.,,. % / % / : %. % / %. %. % :. / / : -:... -... % %.() %/.() -.() 87. . % %.().( ).().. - - %/ -. %/.() ()%/.() % %/.() - % % -.()..().(
More informationMedical Student, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Pondicherry, India.
Research Article Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding breast cancer and its screening methods among nursing staff working in a tertiary-care hospital located in South India Niveatha Santhanakrishnan
More informationAwareness of PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome) in adolescent and young girls
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology Upadhye JJ et al. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Jun;6(6):2297-2301 www.ijrcog.org DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20172119
More informationA Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Aerobic Exercise on Primary Dysmenorrhoea among Adolescent Girls at Selected College, Coimbatore
IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science (IOSR-JNHS) e-issn: 2320 1959.p- ISSN: 2320 1940 Volume 6, Issue 6 Ver. V. (Nov.- Dec.2017), PP 57-64 www.iosrjournals.org A Study to Assess the Effectiveness
More informationKnowledge of Carcinoma Cervix among rural women of Reproductive age in Trichy district, India
Original Article Knowledge of Carcinoma Cervix among rural women of Reproductive age in Trichy district, India A.M Veerakumar. Assistant Professor, Community Medicine, Chennai Medical College Hospital
More informationField Testing of Flipbook on Hygiene During Menstruation for its Comprehension by Rural Women
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 07 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.707.119
More informationBreast Cancer Awareness Among Zayed University Female Students
Volume 2, Issue no. 3, DOI 10.18502/ajne.v2i3.1357 Production and Hosting by Knowledge E Research Article Breast Cancer Awareness Among Zayed University Female Students Shaima K. AlBlooshi 1, Lina T. Al
More informationSUMMARY. Research hypotheses:
SUMMARY Nephrotic syndrome is one of the most, chronic kidney disease in Egypt. The estimated incidence of nephrotric syndrome ranges between 2-7 childhood cases per 100,000 children per year. Childhood
More informationMenstrual Hygiene Practice and Associated Factors among Secondary School Girls in Wegera District, Northwest Ethiopia; a Cross-Sectional Study
Computational Biology and Bioinformatics 2017; 5(1): 6-11 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/cbb doi: 10.11648/j.cbb.20170501.12 ISSN: 2330-8265 (Print); ISSN: 2330-8281 (Online) Menstrual Hygiene
More informationCHAPTER VI SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS. Premenstrual syndrome is a set of physical psycho emotional and behavioral
CHAPTER VI SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 6.1 Summary Premenstrual syndrome is a set of physical psycho emotional and behavioral symptoms that start during the week before menstruation
More informationHightower, M (1997) Women Health, 26(4) Effects of Exercise participation on menstrual
REVIEW OF LITERATURE: Hightower, M (1997) Women Health, 26(4) Effects of Exercise participation on menstrual pain and symptoms. Exercise status was found to interact with menstrual cycle phase with predicting
More informationInternational Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences A STUDY OF THE PREVALENCE, SEVERITY AND TREATMENT OF DYSMENORRHOEA IN MEDICAL AND NURSING STUDENTS
International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences RESEARCH ARTICLE PHARMACOLOGY A STUDY OF THE PREVALENCE, SEVERITY AND TREATMENT OF DYSMENORRHOEA IN MEDICAL AND NURSING STUDENTS KIRAN B* 1, TASNEEM SANDOZI
More informationArthritis among Patients Attending GMC Hospital, Ajman, UAE: A cross sectional survey
Arthritis among Patients Attending GMC Hospital, Ajman, UAE: A cross sectional survey Abdullah Ahmed 1, Amin Rigi 1, Feras Emaddin Kokash 1*, Osman Abdul Samad 1, Isaa Al Sebae 1, Rizwana Burhanuddin Shaikh
More informationA STUDY TO ASSESS THE LEVEL OF STRESS AMONG WOMEN WITH PRIMARYINFERTILITY ATTENDING INFERTILITY CLINIC AT SRM GENERAL HOSPITAL
ISSN: 2321-3272 (Print), ISSN: 2230-7605 (Online) IJPBS Volume 6 Issue 1 JAN-MAR 2016 94-99 Research Article Biological Sciences A STUDY TO ASSESS THE LEVEL OF STRESS AMONG WOMEN WITH PRIMARYINFERTILITY
More informationCOMPARISON OF QUALITY OF LIFE SCORES IN ADOLESCENTS WITH PRIMARY DYSMENORRHEA
Original Article 13 COMPARISON OF QUALITY OF LIFE SCORES IN ADOLESCENTS WITH PRIMARY DYSMENORRHEA Kusuma Sriyakul 1, Somboon Kietinun 2, Junya Pattaraarchachai 2, Nijsiri Ruangrungsi 1,* 1 College of Public
More informationStructured teaching programme on knowledge about polycystic ovarian syndrome among adolescent girls
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences Rawat S et al. Int J Res Med Sci. 2017 Nov;5(11):5004-5008 www.msjonline.org pissn 2320-6071 eissn 2320-6012 Original Research Article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20174960
More informationHae Won KIM. KIM Reproductive Health (2015) 12:91 DOI /s x
KIM Reproductive Health (2015) 12:91 DOI 10.1186/s12978-015-0076-x RESEARCH Open Access Sex differences in the awareness of emergency contraceptive pills associated with unmarried Korean university students
More informationSCREENING OF POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS AT CAIRO UNIVERSITY
SCREENING OF POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS AT CAIRO UNIVERSITY Sahar Mansour Ibrahim, Yossria Ahmed Elsayed, Reda Esmail Reyad 4 and Hanan Fahmy Azzam 1* 2 3 1 Assistant Lecturer,
More informationPalm Beach Obstetrics & Gynecology, PA
Palm Beach Obstetrics & Gynecology, PA 4671 S. Congress Avenue, Lake Worth, FL 33461 561.434.0111 4631 N. Congress Avenue, Suite 102, West Palm Beach, FL 33407 Endometriosis The lining of the uterus is
More informationPREVALENCE OF ANAEMIA AND ITS EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CORRELATES AMONG WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE IN A RURAL SETTING
PREVALENCE OF ANAEMIA AND ITS EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CORRELATES AMONG WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE IN A RURAL SETTING Bilkish N. Patavegar 1, Manjunath S.Kamble 2 and *Sanjivani Langare-Patil 3 1 Department of Community
More informationPractice of menstrual hygiene and associated factors among female Mehalmeda high school students in Amhara regional state, Ethiopia
Science Journal of Public Health 2014; 2(3): 189-195 Published online April 30, 2014 (http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/sjph) doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20140203.18 Practice of and associated factors among
More informationKnowledge, attitude and behavior of women towards abnormal menstrual bleeding and its impact on quality of life
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology Bhatiyani BR et al. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Oct;6(10):4291-4296 www.ijrcog.org DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20174130
More informationEvaluation of Factors that Increase the Severity of Dysmenorrhoea among University Female Students in Maiduguri, North Eastern Nigeria
A Peer Reviewed Publication of the College of Health Care Sciences at va Southeastern University Dedicated to allied health professional practice and education http://ijahsp.nova.edu Vol. 11. 4 ISSN 1540-580X
More informationFederation of Reproductive Health Association of Malaysia (FRHAM) Reproductive Rights Advocacy Alliance Malaysia (RRAAM) The Sexual Rights Initiative
Joint Stakeholder Submission on Sexual and Reproductive Rights in Malaysia For the 17 th Session of the Universal Periodic Review - October 2013 By: Federation of Reproductive Health Association of Malaysia
More informationPsychosocial wellbeing and coping strategies of infertile women seeking infertility treatment
Psychosocial wellbeing and coping strategies of infertile women seeking infertility treatment D Souza Vinitha 1, Noronha Judith Angelita 2 *, Kamath Shobha 3 1. Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal University,
More informationMenstrual Discomfort L O O K, F E E L A N D L I V E B E T T E R
Menstrual Discomfort LOOK, FEEL AND LIVE BET TER Pycnogenol for Menstrual Discomfort Most women of child-bearing age experience a variety of symptoms related to the menstrual cycle that may be limited
More informationImplementation of primary care alcohol screening, brief interventions and referral as routine practice in PHC in South Africa
Implementation of primary care alcohol screening, brief interventions and referral as routine practice in PHC in South Africa Karl Peltzer, Gladys Matseke Matevha Aswihangwisi, Tom Babor Presentation First
More informationMaria Ayub*, Maria Awan, Nida Faheem Zaidi, Wajia Qamar Feroze, Yumna Tauseef. Jinnah University for Women, Karachi 74600, Pakistan
Original Research Article DOI - 10.26479/2016.0204.07 KNOWLEDGE AND BARRIERS TOWARDS PREVALENCE OF GYNECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS AMONG FEMALES OF KARACHI: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY Maria Ayub*, Maria Awan, Nida
More informationKnowledge Attitude and Practice of married women regarding ECP and MTP
International Journal of Sciences & Applied Research www.ijsar.in Knowledge Attitude and Practice of married women regarding ECP and MTP Suman Lata 1 *, Ravinder Singh 2 1 Maharishi Markandeshwer Institute
More informationBody Mass Index, Menarche, and Perception of Dieting Among Peripubertal Adolescent Females
Body Mass Index, Menarche, and Perception of Dieting Among Peripubertal Adolescent Females Suzanne Abraham 1 * and Jennifer A. O Dea 2 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Sydney, Sydney,
More informationDo patients understand medical communication?
Scientific Research Journal (SCIRJ), Volume II, Issue VI, June 2014 12 Do patients understand medical communication? Patients knowledge on anatomical location of organs in human body Dr. B. S. Ramanayake
More informationCHAPTER 5 FAMILY PLANNING
CHAPTER 5 FAMILY PLANNING The National Family Welfare Programme in India has traditionally sought to promote responsible and planned parenthood through voluntary and free choice of family planning methods
More informationDIP.G.O. EXAMINATION 2007
DIP.G.O. EXAMINATION 2007 GYNAECOLOGY Batch A/07 Time : 2 hrs. Question 1. a. Define Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding 10 b. What are the various terms used to describe menstrual disorder? 10 Question 2.
More informationThe study was cross-sectional, conducted during the academic year 2004/05.
Tobacco use is one of the chief preventable risk factors of some 25 noncommunicable diseases, many of which are eventually fatal. The World Health Organization (WHO) attributes some 4 million deaths annually
More informationOn Diseases Of Menstruation And Ovarian READ ONLINE
On Diseases Of Menstruation And Ovarian READ ONLINE If you are searching for the ebook On Diseases of Menstruation and Ovarian in pdf format, in that case you come on to the right website. We present the
More informationEastern Mediterranean Health Journal, Vol. 10, No. 6,
Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, Vol. 10, No. 6, 2004 789 Invited paper Overweight and obesity in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: can we control it? A.O. Musaiger 1 SUMMARY Obesity has become an
More informationReproductive health knowledge, beliefs and determinants of contraceptives use among women attending family planning clinics in Ibadan, Nigeria
Reproductive health knowledge, beliefs and determinants of contraceptives use among women attending family planning clinics in Ibadan, Nigeria O.A. Moronkola, 2 M.M. Ojediran, 3 A. Amosu Health Education
More informationChronic Pelvic Pain. AP099, December 2010
AP099, December 2010 Chronic Pelvic Pain Pain in the pelvic area that lasts for 6 months or longer is called chronic pelvic pain. An estimated 15 20% of women aged 18 50 years have chronic pelvic pain
More informationAn intervention to empower and engage the self-help groups for menstrual hygiene in Karnataka, India
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology Reshmi RS et al. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Feb;4(1):15-22 www.ijrcog.org pissn 2320-1770 eissn 2320-1789
More informationVCHIP LARC Needs Assessment Survey
VCHIP LARC Needs Assessment Survey Demographics 1. How many have you been in practice (post-training)? Choose one of the following answers 0-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21 or more 2. What are your professional
More informationLEARNING OBJECTIVES. Beyond the Pill: Long Acting Contraception. Distribution Of Contraception Use By Women In The Us. Unintended Pregnancy is Common
4:15 5 pm Beyond the Pill: Long Acting Contraceptives and IUDs Presenter Disclosure Information The following relationships exist related to this presentation: Christine L. Curry, MD, PhD: No financial
More informationEndometriosis and Infertility - FAQs
Published on: 8 Apr 2013 Endometriosis and Infertility - FAQs Introduction The inner lining of the uterus is called the endometrium and it responds to changes that take place during a woman's monthly menstrual
More informationAssessment of Nutritional Deficiency Diseases in Rural School Children s of Anantapuramu District S. Pradeep Kumar Reddy 1*, G.
Saudi Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Scholars Middle East Publishers Dubai, United Arab Emirates Website: http://scholarsmepub.com/ ISSN 2413-4929 (Print) ISSN 2413-4910 (Online) Assessment
More informationStudy of awareness about early detection of cervical cancer by pap smear screening amongst women of Bhavnagar District
Original Research Article Study of awareness about early detection of cervical cancer by pap smear screening amongst women of Bhavnagar District Vandana N Patel 1, Piyush K Solanki 2, Harshid L Patel 3*
More informationLEARNER OUTCOME 2 W-5.3:
GRADE 5 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY LESSON 3 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Lesson 3 1 GRADE 5 LEARNER OUTCOME 2 W-5.3: Identify the basic components of the human reproductive system, and describe the basic functions of
More informationPrevalence Of Overweight And Obesity In A Private School Of Orissa, India
ISPUB.COM The Internet Journal of Epidemiology Volume 10 Number 1 Prevalence Of Overweight And Obesity In A Private School Of Orissa, India S Patnaik, L Patnaik, S Patnaik, M Hussain Citation S Patnaik,
More informationOriginal Article Risk Factors And Common Symptoms of Cervical Cancer Pak Armed Forces Med J 2017; 67 (4):
Open Access Original Article Risk Factors And Common Symptoms of Cervical Cancer Pak Armed Forces Med J 2017; 67 (4): 630-34 AWARENESS AND KNOWLEDGE REGARDING RISK FACTORS AND COMMON SYMPTOMS OF CERVICAL
More informationWOMEN S HEALTH May 2017
Ohio Northern University HealthWise WOMEN S HEALTH May 2017 MAY IS WOMEN S HEALTH MONTH Osteoporosis Page 2 Breast Health Page 3 Hot Flashes Page 4 Menstrual Disorders Page 5 Celebrate your Health May
More informationTranscervical Sterilization
Q UESTIONS & ANSWERS A BOUT Transcervical Sterilization A New Choice in Permanent Birth Control Choosing a Birth Control Method Women and their partners now have more birth control choices than ever. How
More informationSwathi and Sandhya D Almieda
2018; 4(12): 38-43 ISSN Print: 2394-7500 ISSN Online: 2394-5869 Impact Factor: 5.2 IJAR 2018; 4(12): 38-43 www.allresearchjournal.com Received: 24-10-2018 Accepted: 25-11-2018 Swathi MSc. Nursing, Obstetric
More informationAssessment of rubella vaccination among unmarried females of Wardha district, central India
Original Article Assessment of rubella vaccination among unmarried females of Wardha district, central India Kunal Modak 1*, Nikhil Dhande 2, Abhay Mudey 3, Swati Deshpande 4 1 JR 3, 2 Assistant Professor,
More informationVariation of blood pressure among the adolescent students Mushroor S 1, Islam MZ 2, Amir RA 3, Ahmed N 4, Amin MR 5
Original Article Variation of blood pressure among the adolescent students Mushroor S 1, Islam MZ 2, Amir RA 3, Ahmed N 4, Amin MR 5 Abstract The increase in the burden of chronic disease associated with
More informationUnintended Pregnancy is Common LEARNING OBJECTIVES. Distribution Of Contraception Use By Women In The Us. Unintended Pregnancy And Contraceptive Use
3:45 4:30 pm Beyond the Pill: Long Acting Contraceptives and IUDs Presenter Disclosure Information The following relationships exist related to this presentation: Christine L. Curry, MD, PhD: No financial
More informationOutline OVERVIEW PUBERTY PRE-TESTS PUBERTY WITH SAM AND SALLY MENSTRUATION: HOW DOES IT WORK? SPERMATOGENESIS: HOW DOES IT WORK?
UNIT FIVE: PUBERTY HiTOPS, Inc./Princeton Center for Leadership Training OVERVIEW PUBERTY PRE-TESTS Outline PUBERTY WITH SAM AND SALLY MENSTRUATION: HOW DOES IT WORK? SPERMATOGENESIS: HOW DOES IT WORK?
More informationInternational Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Nano Sciences Journal homepage:
Review Article ISSN: 2319 9563 International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Nano Sciences Journal homepage: www.ijrpns.com A REVIEW ON INTRAUTERINE DEVICES Boddu Venkata Komali* 1, M. Kalyani
More informationEmergency Contraception THE FACTS
Emergency Contraception Quick Facts What is it? Emergency contraception is birth control that you use after you have had unprotected sex--if you didn t use birth control or your regular birth control failed.
More informationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine (Jan. 2017) Vol. 66, Page
The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine (Jan. 2017) Vol. 66, Page 193-197 Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice toward Acne Vulgaris among Community in Jeddah City, 2016 Abdulrahman M Albahlool,
More informationThe Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine (Jan. 2017) Vol. 66, Page
The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine (Jan. 2017) Vol. 66, Page 146-151 Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice toward Down Syndrome in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia 2016 Yousef Ehab Jan, Murad
More informationCHAPTER 5 FAMILY PLANNING
CHAPTER 5 FAMILY PLANNING The National Family Welfare Programme in India has traditionally sought to promote responsible and planned parenthood through voluntary and free choice of family planning methods
More informationA Cross Sectional Study on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Cervical Cancer Screening Among Women in Thiruvanmiyur, Chennai
A Cross Sectional Study on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Cervical Cancer Screening Among Women in Thiruvanmiyur, Chennai Sneha Sethumadhavan (1), Chitra. A (1) Abstract Aims: To assess the knowledge,
More informationAwareness about cervical cancers among health workers in Shimla district, Himachal Pradesh, India
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology Fotedar V et al. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Oct;6(10):4419-4423 www.ijrcog.org DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20174416
More informationAssessment of Nutritional Status among Children less than 5 years old in Hilla City
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 6, Issue 8, August 2016 276 Assessment of Nutritional Status among Children less than 5 years old in Hilla City * Ismael Hasan Jawad,
More informationStatus of Syndromic Management of Clients and their Partners at STI Clinic in a Suburban Area of Mumbai, India
International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences Available online at www.ijmrhs.com ISSN No: 2319-5886 International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences, 2017, 6(10): 115-120 I J M
More informationKnowledge and practices of blood donation among the undergraduate students of district Una, Himachal Pradesh, India
GLOBAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH Knowledge and practices of blood donation among the undergraduate students of district Una, Himachal Pradesh, India Ankita Thakur 1, Hoshiar Singh Chauhan 2,
More informationImpact of Training on Gain of Nutrition Knowledge of Farm Women in Unnao District of Uttar Pradesh
Vol.2 No. 2, 103-107 (2013) Received.Feb.2013; Accepted Aug. 2013 Impact of Training on Gain of Nutrition Knowledge of Farm Women in Unnao District of Uttar Pradesh Archana Singh, Pradeep Kumar, Vikas
More informationA study on contraceptive use among married women of reproductive age group in a rural area of Tamilnadu, India
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology Nair RV et al. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Sept;5(9):3147-3152 www.ijrcog.org pissn 2320-1770 eissn 2320-1789
More informationAt the outset, we want to clear up some terminology issues. IBS is COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL. What Is IBS?
1 What Is IBS? At the outset, we want to clear up some terminology issues. IBS is the abbreviation that doctors use for irritable bowel syndrome, often when they are talking about people with IBS. We will
More informationReproductive Morbidity among the Rural Women in Maharastra
M.P.S. Seminar Paper Reproductive Morbidity among the Rural Women in Maharastra Student: Saurabh Singh Date: 26-04-2006 Guide: Dr. S. K. Singh Time: 11:30 A.M. Introduction and literature review The magnitude
More informationPrescriber and Pharmacy Guide for the Tracleer REMS Program
Prescriber and Pharmacy Guide for the Tracleer REMS Program Please see accompanying full Prescribing Information, including BOXED WARNING for hepatotoxicity and teratogenicity. Introduction to Tracleer
More informationInt. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 45(2), July - August 2017; Article No. 18, Pages:
Research Article Nutrition and Healthy Lifestyle: Knowledge, Attitude and Practice in Medical Students of Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore. A Questionnaire Based Study. Dr. Sadaf Ali 1*, Dr. Greeshma
More informationLIFESTYLE DISEASES IN KERALA : AN ANALYSIS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS, CONSUMPTION PATTERN AND ADOLESCENT OBESITY IN KOTTAYAM DISTRICT
SYNOPSIS OF THE THESIS ENTITLED LIFESTYLE DISEASES IN KERALA : AN ANALYSIS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS, CONSUMPTION PATTERN AND ADOLESCENT OBESITY IN KOTTAYAM DISTRICT INTRODUCTION Kerala enjoys a unique
More informationPrevalence of dysmenorrhoea in College Students
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 4, Issue 10, October 2014 1 Prevalence of dysmenorrhoea in College Students Nidhi Sharma *, M Benjamin Sagayaraj **, Balamma Sujatha
More informationChapter 7. M.G.Rajanandh, Department of Pharmacy Practice, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM University.
Chapter 7 M.G.Rajanandh, Department of Pharmacy Practice, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM University. Patient counseling is a broad term which describes the process through which health care professionals
More informationContraception in Postpartum Women of North India A Study of Knowledge, Concepts and Practice
SciFed Obstetrics & Women Healthcare Journal Research Article Open Access Contraception in Postpartum Women of North India A Study of Knowledge, Concepts and Practice * Jayati Nath * Obstetrics & Gynaecology,
More informationAdoption, Use and Environmental Impact of Feminine Hygiene Products among College Going Girls of Udaipur, India
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 09 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.709.461
More informationEVALUATION OF MENSTA SYRUP FOR ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY USING FEMALE WISTAR RATS.
EVALUATION OF MENSTA SYRUP FOR ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY USING FEMALE WISTAR RATS. Introduction: The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Dabur Mensta Syrup in the female reproductive system of experimental
More informationSex Differentiation & Menstruation
Sex Differentiation & Menstruation Basic Genetics Every cell in your body should have 46 chromosomes 23 from the ovum, 23 from the sperm Eggs only carry X chromosomes The sperm determines the sex of a
More informationMaterials and Methods. Study place, design and participants
Mental health literacy among undergraduate students of a Saudi tertiary institution: a cross-sectional study Mohamed S. Mahfouz, 1 Abdulwahab Aqeeli, 2 Anwar M. Makeen, 1,2 Ramzi M. Hakami, 3 Hatim H.
More informationHow far are we from adhering to national asthma guidelines: The awareness factor
Egyptian Journal of Ear, Nose, Throat and Allied Sciences (2013) 14, 1 6 Egyptian Society of Ear, Nose, Throat and Allied Sciences Egyptian Journal of Ear, Nose, Throat and Allied Sciences www.ejentas.com
More informationResearch Article Awareness of High School Students Regarding Modes of Spread and Complications of HIV/AIDS
Cronicon OPEN ACCESS MICROBIOLOGY Research Article Awareness of High School Students Regarding Modes of Spread and Complications of HIV/AIDS Khalid S Al-anzy, Saleh S Al-senani 2, Abdulaziz H Alazmi 2,
More informationFDA-Approved Patient Labeling Patient Information Mirena (mur-ā-nah) (levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system)
FDA-Approved Patient Labeling Patient Information Mirena (mur-ā-nah) (levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system) Mirena does not protect against HIV infection (AIDS) and other sexually transmitted infections
More informationAWARENESS OF HYGIENE AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN RADHANPUR BLOCK OF PATAN DISTRICT, GUJARAT (JULY AND AUGUST 2016)
AWARENESS OF HYGIENE AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN RADHANPUR BLOCK OF PATAN DISTRICT, GUJARAT (JULY AND AUGUST 2016) Meetings were held regularly across various villages to spread awareness of menstrual hygiene
More informationMeasurement of Change in the Knowledge and Attitude about Leprosy in Physiotherapy Students Undergoing Intensive One Week Training in Leprosy
Indian J Lepr 2014, 86 : 99-104 Hind Kusht Nivaran Sangh, New Delhi http://www.ijl.org.in Original Article Measurement of Change in the Knowledge and Attitude about Leprosy in Physiotherapy Students Undergoing
More informationA Questionnaire Based Study Regarding the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Self- Medication Among Second Year Undergraduate Medical Students
www.ijpcs.net ORIGINAL ARTICLE A Questionnaire Based Study Regarding the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Self- Medication Among Second Year Undergraduate Medical Students Rajanish Kumar Sankdia 1,
More information19:30-21:00 Endometriosis NZ Symposium
Ms Miriama Kamo Dr Guy Gudex Director Repromed Professor Neil Johnson Gynaecologist and REI Subspecialist Auckland Gynaecology Group and Repromed Auckland Dr Fiona Connell Gynaecologist North Shore and
More informationSearch for a low-cost screening test for female genital tuberculosis: A study in a tertiary care level hospital of West Bengal
Original article Search for a low-cost screening test for female genital tuberculosis: A study in a tertiary care level hospital of West Bengal 1 Dr. Amitava Chakraborty, 2 Dr. Nasima Khondker, 3 Dr. Aditya
More informationISSN X (Print) Original Research Article
Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences (SJAMS) Sch. J. App. Med. Sci., 2017; 5(11F):4695-4701 Scholars Academic and Scientific Publisher (An International Publisher for Academic and Scientific Resources)
More informationReproductive Health status of Women in few villages of Bangladesh
Original article: Reproductive Health status of Women in few villages of Bangladesh Akhi Khatun 1*, Md Kabir 2 1 City Clinic, Dinajpur, Bangladesh 2Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh *Corresponding
More informationUnit 8: Human Sexuality
Unit 8: Human Sexuality Adolescence is the time when young people go through the, emotional, and social changes that end in adulthood. refers to the physical changes that occur during adolescence. During
More information