Student Worksheet Additional Case Study: Glands and Hormones LSM 8.5-2 This activity can be done individually or in pairs. Prepare the pieces ahead of time. Materials For each student (or pair): one copy of each of the four masters, photocopied on different colors of paper. Cut out the separate pieces. four envelopes (approx. 150 cm 220 cm), labelled: Glands, Hormones, Target Organs, and Primary Action. one large envelope (approx. 200 cm 300 cm), labelled Endocrine Activity, to hold the four envelopes. Write the colour, and the number of pieces inside, on the front of each envelope. Glands 7 pieces Target Organs 16 pieces Hormones 16 pieces Primary Action 16 pieces Have students lay out the four envelopes on their desk in the order: Glands, Hormones, Target Organs, and Primary Actions. Using their texts or other references, have the students construct a table, using all the pieces in each envelope correctly. When they finish, check the table using the key (below). When the table is correct, students can place a copy in their notebooks. A simple evaluation is to assign 10 marks, with one subtracted for each error in the initial check. Return all pieces to the correct envelopes. Key to Glands and Hormones Case Study Gland Hormone Target Organ Action Anterior Pituitary TSH Thyroid gland Stimulates thyroid to make thyroxine ACTH Adrenal cortex Stimulates adrenal cortex to produce cortisol Somatotropin or GH All body cells Promotes cell division, protein synthesis, etc. FSH & LH Testes/Ovaries Stimulates sex organs to secrete sex hormone Prolactin Mammary glands Milk production in mammary glands Posterior Pituitary Oxytocin Uterus, mammary glands Uterine contractions, milk release ADH Kidney tubules Increases permeability of kidney tubules Thyroid Thyroxine All body cells Increases metabolic rate, etc. Calcitonin Bones Decreases Ca in blood, adds Ca to bones Parathyroid PTH Bones, kidney tubules Increases Ca in blood, decreases PO4 Pancreas Insulin Liver & body cells Increases glucose uptake, etc. Glucagon Liver & body cells Decreases glucose uptake, etc. Adrenal Cortex Aldosterone Kidneys Regulates Na and K levels Cortisol Liver, fat, muscle Stimulates breakdown of protein, etc. Sex hormones Sex organs, Stimulates secondary sex characteristics, muscles, skin, bone especially in males Adrenal Medulla Epinephrine & Heart, iris, muscles Increases heartbeat, rapid movement norepinephrine 226 Chapter 8 Chemical Signals Maintain Homeostasis Copyright 2003 Nelson
Anterior pituitary Pancreas Posterior pituitary Adrenal cortex Thyroid Adrenal medulla Parathyroid Copyright 2003 Nelson Chapter 8 Chemical Signals Maintain Homeostasis 227
TSH Calcitonin ACTH PTH Somatotropin or GH Insulin FSH & LH Glucagon Prolactin Aldosterone Oxytocin Cortisol ADH Sex hormones Thyroxine Epinephrine & norepinephrine 228 Chapter 8 Chemical Signals Maintain Homeostasis Copyright 2003 Nelson
Thyroid gland Bones Adrenal cortex Bones, kidney tubules All body cells Liver & body cells Testes/Ovaries Liver & body cells Mammary glands Kidneys Uterus, mammary glands Kidney tubules All body cells Liver, fat, muscle Sex organs, muscles, skin, bone Heart, iris, muscles Copyright 2003 Nelson Chapter 8 Chemical Signals Maintain Homeostasis 229
Decreases Ca in blood, adds Ca to bones Causes milk production in mammary glands Decreases glucose uptake through cell membranes (raises blood sugar). Breaks down glycogen, proteins, and fats Promotes cell division, protein synthesis, etc. Increases calcium level in blood, removes calcium from bones. Also decreases PO 4-3 level in blood Regulates Na + and K + levels in the blood (increases Na +, decreases K + ). Indirectly affects blood volume & pressure Increases glucose uptake through cell membranes (lowers blood glucose). Forms glycogen, proteins, and fats Increases heart rate, etc. Prepares body for rapid movement and heightened awareness fight or flight Increases basic metabolic rate. Can increase blood sugar Increases permeability of kidney tubules, water is reabsorbed Stimulates adrenal cortex to produce cortisol Stimulates breakdown of protein and releases amino acids which are converted to glucose by the liver and raises blood sugar levels Stimulates secondary sex characteristics, especially in males Stimulates sex organs to secrete testosterone (males) or estrogen and progesterone (female), also sperm and egg production Uterine contractions, milk release Stimulates thyroid to make thyroxine 230 Chapter 8 Chemical Signals Maintain Homeostasis Copyright 2003 Nelson