Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Abatacept, for rheumatoid arthritis, 789 Acetaminophen, for low back pain, 735 Acupuncture for fibromyalgia, 753 for low back pain, 738 Adalimumab for rheumatoid arthritis, 789 monitoring of, 796 798 Adrenocorticotropin, for gout, 707 Allopurinol, for gout, 707 709 Alternative therapies, for fibromyalgia, 752 Amaurosis fugax, in temporal arteritis, 759 Amitriptyline, for fibromyalgia, 749 Analgesics, for fibromyalgia, 750 Aneurysms, in temporal arteritis, 765 Ankylosing spondylitis, treatment of, 725 Antibiotics, for infectious arthritis, 719 720 Anticonvulsants, for fibromyalgia, 750 Anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody, 680, 684, 784 Antidepressants for fibromyalgia, 749 Antinuclear antibodies, 681, 684 685, 770 771 Antiphospholipid antibodies, in SLE, 775 Aortic aneurysm, in temporal arteritis, 765 Arteritis, temporal. See Temporal arteritis. Arthritis classification of, 714 degenerative (osteoarthritis), injection therapy for, 695 696 in SLE, 768 769, 772 in temporal arteritis, 759 760 inflammatory. See Inflammatory arthritis. psoriatic, 725 rheumatoid. See Rheumatoid arthritis. with effusion aspiration of. See Arthrocentesis. differential diagnosis of, 692 injection of. See Injection, joint. Arthrocentesis, 677, 682, 691 702 complications of, 692, 696 697 Prim Care Clin Office Pract 37 (2010) 805 815 doi:10.1016/s0095-4543(10)00087-4 primarycare.theclinics.com 0095-4543/10/$ see front matter ª 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
806 Index Arthrocentesis (continued) contraindications to, 692 for rheumatoid arthritis, 784 indications for, 691 of elbow, 700 of knee, 698 of shoulder, 698 699 synovial fluid analysis and, 693 695 technique for, 696 700 Aspiration, joint. See Arthrocentesis. Aspirin, in temporal arteritis, 763 Azathioprine for SLE, 774 for temporal arteritis, 765 monitoring of, 796 798, 801 B Back pain, low. See Low back pain. Balineotherapy, for fibromyalgia, 753 Benzbromarone, for gout, 708 Biofeedback therapy, for fibromyalgia, 753 Biologic response modifiers, for noninfectious arthritis, 724 725 Biopsy, of temporal artery, 760 761 Blindness, in temporal arteritis, 759 Bone scan, for infectious arthritis, 717 718 C Cancer, surveillance for, 795 Cardiovascular disease, surveillance for, 794 Cauda equina syndrome, treatment of, 735 Ceftriaxone, for infectious arthritis, 720 Celecoxib for gout, 707 for rheumatoid arthritis, 787 788 Cellular immune response, in temporal arteritis, 758 Chiropractor treatment, for low back pain, 738 Chlamydial arthritis, 720 Chronic fatigue syndrome, 747 748 Ciprofloxacin, for infectious arthritis, 720 Cirrhosis, methotrexate-induced, 800 Claudication, in temporal arteritis, 759 760, 762 Cognitive behavioral therapy, for fibromyalgia, 751 752 Colchicine, for gout, 705 707 Color duplex ultrasonography, for temporal arteritis, 761 Complete blood cell count, 678, 761 Computed tomography, for low back pain, 734 Corticosteroids for gout, 706 707
Index 807 for noninfectious arthritis, 724 for psoriatic arthritis, 715 for rheumatoid arthritis, 788 789 for SLE, 773 774 for temporal arteritis, 762 764 injection of, 695 complications of, 696 697 preparations for, 696 technique for, 696 700 monitoring of, 796 798, 802 803 Cough, in temporal arteritis, 759 C-reactive protein, 679, 761 Crystal(s), in synovial fluid, 694. See also Gout. Culture, of synovial fluid, 694 695 Cyclobenzaprine for fibromyalgia, 749 monitoring of, 802 Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, for rheumatoid arthritis, 787 788 Cyclophosphamide, monitoring of, 796, 798 Cyclosporine, monitoring of, 796 798, 801 802 Cytology, synovial fluid, 694 D Dermatitis, gold salt-induced, 800 801 Desipramine, for fibromyalgia, 749 Diplopia, in temporal arteritis, 759 Disc herniation, pain in, 732 733 Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs for noninfectious arthritis, 724 725 for rheumatoid arthritis, 789 790 monitoring of, 795 799 tuberculosis surveillance with, 799 DMARDs. See Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Doxycycline, for infectious arthritis, 720 Duloxetine, for fibromyalgia, 749 750 E Education, for fibromyalgia, 752 Effusions, joint, inspection and analysis of, 693 695 Elbow, arthrodesis and injection of, 700 Elderly persons, rheumatoid arthritis in, 786 Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, 679, 760 762 Etanercept for rheumatoid arthritis, 789 monitoring of, 796 798 Exercise for fibromyalgia, 751 for low back pain, 737
808 Index F Fatigue, in fibromyalgia, 744 Febuxostat, for gout, 707, 709 Fever, in temporal arteritis, 759 Fibromyalgia, 743 755 clinical features of, 744 definition of, 743 diagnosis of, 745 747 differential diagnosis of, 747 epidemiology of, 743 744 pathophysiology of, 744 prognosis for, 753 risk factors for, 745 treatment of, 747 752 Fluorescent antinuclear antibody test, for SLE, 770 771 Fluoxetine, for fibromyalgia, 749 G Gabapentin for fibromyalgia, 749 Gastrointestinal disorders hydroxychloroquine-induced, 799 mycophenolate-induced, 799 NSAID-induced, 802 803 Genetic factors, in rheumatoid arthritis, 780 Giant cell arteritis. See Temporal arteritis. Glomerulonephritis, in SLE, 774 775 Glucocorticoids. See Corticosteroids. Gold therapy, monitoring of, 796 798, 800 801 Gonococcal arthritis, 718 719 Gout, 703 711 clinical presentation of, 704 705 diagnosis of, 705 differential diagnosis of, 705 epidemiology of, 704 pathophysiology of, 703 704 treatment of, 705 710 Gram stain for infectious arthritis, 720 of synovial fluid, 694 695 H Headache in fibromyalgia, 744 in temporal arteritis, 758 759, 762 Hearing loss, in temporal arteritis, 759 Hematuria, gold salt-induced, 800 801 Heparin, for antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, 775
Index 809 Hodgkin s lymphoma, surveillance for, 795 Hyaluronic acid derivatives, injection of, for osteoarthritis, 695 696 Hydroxychloroquine for rheumatoid arthritis, 787, 789 790 for SLE, 771 774 monitoring of, 796 799 Hyperuricemia, in gout, 703 709 Hypnotherapy, for fibromyalgia, 753 I Indomethacin, for reactive arthritis, 715 Infections cyclophosphamide-induced, 802 in rheumatoid arthritis, 790 temporal arteritis in, 758 triggering rheumatoid arthritis, 780 Inflammatory arthritis, 713 727 classification of, 714 infectious diagnosis of, 716 718 pathogenesis of, 714 715 treatment of, 718 720 noninfectious, 720 726 classification of, 721 diagnosis of, 722 723 treatment of, 723 726 referral for, 725 726 Inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis in, 725 Inflammatory mediators, in rheumatoid arthritis, 780 781 Infliximab for rheumatoid arthritis, 789 for temporal arteritis, 764 765 monitoring of, 796 799 Injection, joint complications of, 696 697 contraindications for, 695 corticosteroid preparations for, 696 indications for, 695 696 of elbow, 700 of knee, 698 of shoulder, 698 699 technique for, 696 700 Ischemia, in temporal arteritis, 758 J Jaw claudication, in temporal arteritis, 759, 762 Joint(s) aspiration of. See Arthrocentesis. injection of. See Injection, joint. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 784 786
810 Index K Kidney disorders cyclosporine-induced, 801 802 gold salt-induced, 800 801 in SLE, 774 775 NSAID-induced, 803 surveillance for, 794 tacrolimus-induced, 801 802 Kineret, monitoring of, 796 798 Knee, arthrodesis and injection of, 698 L Laboratory testing, 673 689 anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody, 680, 684 antinuclear antibodies, 681, 684 685 arthrocentesis for, 677, 682 complete blood cell count, 678 C-reactive protein, 679, 761 diagnostic investigations for, 675 677 erythrocyte sedimentation rate, 679, 760 762 history taking before, 674 675, 682 physical examination before, 675, 682 radiography for, 677 678, 683 rheumatoid factor, 679 680, 684 sensitivity and specificity of, 676 677 uric acid, 678, 684 Leflunomide for rheumatoid arthritis, 789 for SLE, 774 monitoring of, 796 798 Leukemia, surveillance for, 795 Leukopenia, sulfasalazine-induced, 799 Liver disease, methotrexate-induced, 800 Low back pain, 729 741 definition of, 729 diagnosis of, 729 734 differential diagnosis of, 729 730 economic cost of, 729 red flags in, 730 731 treatment of, 735 738 yellow flags in, 730 731 Lumbar pain. See Low back pain. Lupus. See Systemic lupus erythematosus. Lyme disease, laboratory tests for, 686 Lymphoma, surveillance for, 795 M Magnetic resonance imaging for infectious arthritis, 717 718 for low back pain, 734
Index 811 Malar rash, in SLE, 768 769 Manipulation therapy, for low back pain, 738 Meditation, for fibromyalgia, 753 Methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis, 787, 789 790 for SLE, 774 for temporal arteritis, 764 monitoring of, 796 798, 800 Milnacipran, for fibromyalgia, 750 Minocycline for rheumatoid arthritis, 787, 789 monitoring of, 796 798 Multiple myeloma, surveillance for, 795 Muscle relaxants, for low back pain, 735 736 Mycophenolate mofetil for SLE, 774 monitoring of, 802 Myelosuppression azathioprine-induced, 801 methotrexate-induced, 800 Myofascial pain syndrome, 747 748 N Neonatal lupus, 775 Nephritis, in SLE, 774 775 Neurologic disorders cyclorsporine-induced, 801 802 in low back pain, 732 733 in temporal arteritis, 759 tacrolimus-induced, 801 802 Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, 787 788 for gout, 705 707 for low back pain, 735 736 for noninfectious arthritis, 724 for psoriatic arthritis, 715 for reactive arthritis, 715 for SLE, 772 monitoring of, 797 798, 802 803 O Opiates for fibromyalgia, 750 751 Osteoarthritis, injection therapy for, 695 696 Osteoporosis in corticosteroid therapy, 763 764 surveillance for, 794 Outcome Measures in Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Trials (OMERTA), 793
812 Index P Pain in fibromyalgia, 744, 746 747 in gout, 705 in rheumatoid arthritis, 783 in SLE, 768 769 low back. See Low back pain. Pancytopenia, gold salt-induced, 801 Paroxetine, for fibromyalgia, 749 Pediatric patients, rheumatoid arthritis in, 784 786 Physical therapy, for low back pain, 738 Pneumonitis gold salt-induced, 801 methotrexate-induced, 800 Polymyalgia rheumatica, 747 748, 758 Postinfectious arthritis, treatment of, 725 Postinjection flare, in joint injection, 696 697 Predictive values, of laboratory tests, 676 677 Prednisolone, for gout, 706 707 Prednisone for rheumatoid arthritis, 788 789 for SLE, 773 774 Pregabalin for fibromyalgia, 749 750 Pregnancy, SLE and, 775 Probenecid, for gout, 707 708 Proteinuria, gold salt-induced, 800 801 Psoriatic arthritis, treatment of, 725 R Radiography, 677 678, 683 for infectious arthritis, 717 for low back pain, 734 for rheumatoid arthritis, 784 Rasburicase, for gout, 707, 709 Reactive arthritis, treatment of, 725 Remitting seronegative symmetric synovitis with pitting edema syndrome, 786 787 Respiratory symptoms, in temporal arteritis, 759 Retinopathy, hydroxychloroquine-induced, 772, 799 Rheumatoid arthritis, 779 792 cancer in, 795 cardiovascular disease in, 794 corticosteroid injections for, 695 diagnosis of, 782 783 differential diagnosis of, 786 787 duration of, 789 elderly onset, 786 epidemiology of, 779 780
Index 813 extra-articular symptoms of, 784 juvenile, 784 786 kidney disease in, 794 laboratory tests for, 783 784 osteoporosis in, 794 pathophysiology of, 780 781 risk factors for, 780 symptoms of, 783 784 treatment of, 787 791, 795 803 Rheumatoid factor, 679 680, 684, 783 Rheumatology arthrocentesis for, 691 702 crystal arthropathies, 703 711 disease incidence, 681 fibromyalgia, 743 755 inflammatory arthropathies, 713 727 joint injection, 691 702 laboratory testing in, 673 689 low back pain, 729 741 nonrheumatologic diseases and, 793 804 rheumatoid arthritis. See Rheumatoid arthritis. systemic lupus erythematosus. See Systemic lupus erythematosus. temporal arteritis, 757 766 Rituximab, for rheumatoid arthritis, 789 S Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, for fibromyalgia, 749 Septic arthritis. See Inflammatory arthritis, infectious. Septicemia, arthrocentesis in, 692 Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, for fibromyalgia, 749 750 Shoulder, arthrodesis and injection of, 698 699 Skin disorders, in SLE, 768 769 SLE. See Systemic lupus erythematosus. Sleep disorders, in fibromyalgia, 752 Spinal manipulation, for low back pain, 738 Statins, for rheumatoid arthritis, 790 Stiffness in fibromyalgia, 744 in rheumatoid arthritis, 783 Stomatitis, gold salt-induced, 800 801 Straight leg raise test, for disc herniation, 733 Stress, fibromyalgia and, 745 Stroke, in temporal arteritis, 759 Sulfasalazine for reactive arthritis, 715 for rheumatoid arthritis, 787, 789 790 monitoring of, 796 800 Synovial fluid aspiration of. See Arthrocentesis. crystal detection in, 694
814 Index Synovial (continued) culture of, 694 695 cytology of, 694 Gram stain of, 694 695 inspection of, 693 laboratory analysis of, 693 for infectious arthritis, 717 for noninfectious arthritis, 723 for rheumatoid arthritis, 784 Synovium autoimmune response in, in rheumatoid arthritis, 780 781 biopsy of, in infectious arthritis, 717 Systemic lupus erythematosus, 767 778 antiphospholipid antibodies in, 775 cancer in, 795 cardiovascular disease in, 794 clinical presentation of, 768 769 diagnostic criteria for, 769 771 emergencies in, 775 776 epidemiology of, 768 in pregnancy, 775 kidney disease in, 794 monitoring of, 773 osteoporosis in, 794 physician-patient interaction in, 771 treatment of, 771 776, 795 803 T Tacrolimus, monitoring of, 801 802 Temporal arteritis, 757 766 classification of, 762 clinical presentation of, 758 760 course of, 765 diagnosis of, 760 762 differential diagnosis of, 762 epidemiology of, 757 pathogenesis of, 758 treatment of, 762 765 Tender points, in fibromyalgia, 744, 746 747 Tenosynovitis, in temporal arteritis, 760 Tetracycline, for reactive arthritis, 715 Thrombosis in SLE, 775 in temporal arteritis, 758 Tongue, necrosis of, in temporal arteritis, 759 Tophi, in gout, 704 Tramadol for fibromyalgia, 749 750 Transcranial direct current stimulation, for fibromyalgia, 753
Index 815 Triamcinolone, for gout, 706 707 Tricyclic antidepressants, Tuberculosis in DMARD use, 799 in rheumatoid arthritis, 790 Tumor necrosis factor-a inhibitors, monitoring of, 799 U Ultrasonography, for temporal arteritis, 761 Uric acid in gout, 703 709 measurement of, 678, 684, 717 V Vancomycin, for infectious arthritis, 720 Vasculitis, of temporal arteries. See Temporal arteritis. Venlafaxine, for fibromyalgia, 750 Viral arthritis, treatment of, 719 Viscosity, of synovial fluid, 693 Visual loss, in temporal arteritis, 759, 763 W Warfarin, for antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, in SLE, 775 Z Zolpidem, for fibromyalgia, 750 Zopiclone, for fibromyalgia, 750