SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE MANAGEMENT ADVANCED CROP ADVISORS 1
SCN on roots of volunteer canning pea (lower) and soybean (upper) 5 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
SCN RESISTANT VARIETIES Numerous plant introductions 1 PI 54840 (Peking ) 2 PI 88788 3 PI 90763 4 PI 437654 (Hartwig) 5 PI 209332 6 PI 89772 7 PI 558316 (Cloud) PI567516C Most current varieties are PI88788, some Peking, a very few PI437654 6
Source: Soybean Cyst Nematode Management Guide. 2011. University of Minnesota Senyu Chen, ed. Non-host Susceptible soybean Eggs SCN not detected < 10,000 eggs/100 cc soil > 10,000 eggs/100 cc soil Nonhost Nonhost Non-host Resistant soybean (1st source) Non-host Susceptible soybean < 200 eggs/ 100 cc soil Non-host Resistant soybean (2nd source) 7
2015 PRIVATE SOYBEAN VARIETIES* WITH PEKING RESISTANCE* ADAPTED TO MN Company Peking variety and maturity Asgrow Channel Croplan Gold Country Legend Mycogen Mustang NK (Syngenta) North Star NuTech 7063 (0.6), 7110 (1.1), 7138 (1.3), 7169 (1.6), 7186 (1.7), 7240 (2.4), 7250 ( 2.5) Pioneer 90M80 (0.8), P22T41 (2.4), P22T69 (2.6) Prairie Brand PB-2198R2 (2.1) Producer's Hybrid Rob-See-Co 1S1907 (1.9) Stine 22RF22 (2.2) * May not be a complete list. May not perform equally against SCN populations 8
EVENTUALLY, THINGS GO WRONG 4 YEARS CORN SCN resistance is not immunity SCN resistance is declining Shifts may not be reversible (Chen & Potter unpublished) Working with multiple genes is tough Watch for symptoms Use rotation CORN - SOYBEAN ROTATION PI 88788 resistant soybean. Brown County, MN 2014. 9 2013 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. Bruce Potter 2/18/2014
A PARTIAL LIST OF PESTICIDE SEED TREATMENTS LABELED FOR SOYBEAN Example Seed borne Chemical/ biological/ combination* Trade names Pythium Phytophtyhora Rhizoctonia sp. Fusarium spp. fungi SDS SCN Insects metalaxyl Allegience mefenoxam Apron XL fludioxonil Maxim captan Captan thiram Thiram pentachloronitrobenzene PCNB thiabendazole TBZ,mertect sedaxane Vibrance fluopyram ILeVO imidacloprid Gaucho thiamethoxam Cruiser clothianidin Poncho Bacillus subtilis Kodiak Bacillus firmis VOTiVO Pasteuria nishizawa Clariva captan+thiram+tbz Rival prothioconazole+ penfluthen+ Everol energy metalaxyl mefenoxam+fludioxonil+ CruiserMaxx thiamethoxam mefenoxam+fludioxonil+ Clariva Complete thiomethoxam+p. nishizawa+ + Mertect mertect *Not all labeled products are equally effective on all organisms 10
SOME CONSTRAINTS ON THE USE OF BIOLOGICALS TO CONTROL CROP PESTS Concentration of inoculum (spores, bacteria, etc.) delivered Persistence of inoculum Environmental requirements of biological Right strain/biotype to match pest genetics in field 11
2014-15 STATEWIDE TRIALS ON CLARIVA COMPLETE Bruce Potter, Senyu Chen, Phil Glogoza, Ryan Miller, David Nicolai In Cooperation with University of MN Soybean Breeding Project Seth Naeve, Dean Malvick Funded by Minnesota Soybean Research &Promotion Council Seed and treatments supplied by Syngenta Crop Protection and Bayer Crop Protection (2015) 12
STATEWIDE SOYBEAN SEED TREATMENT Co-located with U of M Soybean breeding project Soil samples for soil fertility and SCN eggs early and late, early SBA, Yield 2014 2015 13
STATEWIDE SEED TREATMENT STUDY SOYBEAN VARIETY SCN Resistant SCN Susceptible North NK S06-H5 NK S08-G1 (2015) NK S06-R9 (2014) South NK S22-S1 NK S22-F8 14
STATEWIDE SEED TREATMENT STUDY Untreated Cruiser Apron Maxim Vibrance Clariva Mertect Thiamethoxam Mefoxanam Fludioxonil Sedaxane P. nishizawae Thiabendazole CruiserMaxx * 1 CruiserMaxx 1 w/ Vibrance Clariva Complete 1 Clariva Complete 1 + Mertect * EverGol Energy** 2 Apron ILeVO Metalaxyl Prothioconazole Penflufen Fluopyram EverGol Energy + ILeVO ** 2 * 2015 only ** 2015 Southern sites only 1 Seed supplied and treatments applied by Syngenta 2 Seed supplied and treatments applied by Bayer Crop Science 15
2015 STATEWIDE SOYBEAN SEED TREATMENT PRELIMINARY 2015 Factorial ANOVA SCN Bu./Acre YIELD Bu./Acre Bu./Acre SCN Reproductive Factor Pf / Pi 1 Pi p(f) p(f) p(f) p(f) p(f) p(f) Site rating* Variety Seed trt. Var. x Seed trt. Variety Seed trt. Var. x Seed trt. Becker 2 0.0000 0.6490 0.4111 0.0027 0.3714 0.5021 Lamberton( Non-infested) 2 0.0000 0.0282 0.5358 0.0000 0.5171 0.8538 Lamberton (Infested) 4 0.0220 0.4042 0.3043 0.0072 0.3208 0.7387 Fairfax 3 0.0000 0.9065 0.1838 0.0000 0.2733 0.5136 Waseca (Non-infested) 1 0.5831 0.6242 0.9706 0.1175 0.1902 0.1912 Waseca (infested) 4 0.8955 0.7345 0.7200 0.0009 0.3624 0.6491 Danvers 1 0.0130 0.2061 0.0688 0.2496 0.3788 0.3716 Calloway 1 0.0917 0.1790 0.6275 *** *** *** Thief River Falls 1 0.2469 0.2544 0.6099 *** *** *** Gary (Ada) 1 0.6707 0.1586 0.9596 0.0066 0.4527 0.4130 Downer 2 0.1760 0.2907 0.1735 0.0810 0.6505 0.6421 *SCN Pi rating: 1= <50 2 = 51-250 3 = 251-2500 4 > 2501-10000 5 > 10000 1 SCN Pf/Pi (Reproductive Factor) = SCN final egg density (plot) / initial SCN egg density (replicate mean) *** Not enough SCN population to evaluate reproduction 16
2015 STATEWIDE SOYBEAN SEED TREATMENT PRELIMINARY Multi-site Yield SCN Reproduction Factorial ANOVA P(f) / P(i) * 2015 p (F) p (F) SITE 0.9844 0.0002 VARIETY (SCN RES.) 0.0000 0.0002 SEED TRT. 0.0141 1 0.5276 SITE * VARIETY (SCN RES.) 0.0000 0.0134 SITE * SEED TRT. 0.7875 0.5184 VARIETY (SCN RES. ) * SEED TRT. 0.0127 0.5676 SITE* VARIETY (SCN RES.) * SEED TRT. 0.7219 0.4865 * final SCN egg population / initial SCN egg population (replication mean) 17
2015 STATEWIDE SOYBEAN SEED TREATMENT MULTI-SITE VARIETY (SCN RESISTANCE) X SEED TREATMENT PRELIMINARY YEILD (% mean yield) & SEM 110 ab a abc ab 100 d cd bcd d bcd abcd 90 80 70 SCN RESISTANT VARIETIES SCN SUSCEPTIBLE VARIETIES 60 50 96.2 105.6 107.8 104.8 105.2 96.6 98.0 94.8 97.2 99.6 Untreated Cruiser Maxx Cruiser Maxx + Vibrance Clariva Complete Clariva Complete + Mertec Untreated Cruiser Maxx Cruiser Maxx + Vibrance Clariva Complete Clariva Complete + Mertec 18
Bushels/acre LONG-TERM EFFECT OF CLARIVA COMPLETE ON SOYBEAN YIELD LAMBERTON, MN 2015 50 45 40 Aaa a Aba ab Aaa a Aba a Baa b Bba bc Baa b Bba c 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 42.1 40.2 42.3 41.8 30.2 27.5 31.5 22.8 SCN R Y1+ Y2+ SCN R Y1- Y2+ SCN R Y1+ Y2- SCN R Y1- Y2- SCN S Y1+ Y2+ SCN S Y1- Y2+ SCN S Y1+ Y2- SCN S Y1- Y2- Variety: SCN R (resistant) and S (Susceptible ) Year: Y1 (2014), Y2 (2015) Seed trt.: + (Clariva Complete), - (Cruiser Maxx + Vibrance) Mean separation (α = 0.05): Capital letter-scn resist., 2 nd lower case 2014 seed trt., 3 rd lower case 2015 seed trt., red italics interaction 2015 Regents 2016 Regents of the University of the University of Minnesota. of Minnesota. All rights All reserved. rights reserved. Bruce Potter Bruce 2016 Potter 2015 19
ILEVO HALO INJURY TO COTYLEDONS 20
RESULTS SCN resistant varieties yielded more at sites with significant initial SCN populations in both 2014 and 2015. SCN resistant varieties yielded less in several northern sites with minimal 2015 SCN populations. Significant yield responses to seed treatments occurred in 2 of 18 and 1 of 11 sites in 2014 and 2015, respectively. All seed treatment combinations yielded more than the untreated at these sites. 21
RESULTS In 2015 only, seed treatments yielded more than untreated soybeans but only within SCN resistant varieties. Treatments with Clariva, Vibrance or Mertect did not yield better than other treatments and responses were not due to SCN. Yield responses to ILeVO were not observed at these study sites, none of which displayed SDS symptoms. This treatment showed temporary crop injury, others did not. 22
RESULTS SCN resistant varieties reduced SCN populations within infested sites. Clariva and ILeVO seed treatments did not. A long-term study initiated at the U of MN Southwest Research and Outreach Center, Lamberton, MN, in 2014 indicates there may be a positive legacy yield effect from Clariva with the magnitude larger within susceptible varieties. Unfortunately, a second site at Waseca was destroyed by flooding in 2014. 23
SUMMARY Yield responses to seed treatments occurred in ~10% of sites but were not related to Clariva. Yield differences by variety in ~ 45% of sites with resistant varieties yielding more in SCN infested sites. Resistant varieties reduced SCN reproduction, seed treatments did not.. Resistant varieties remain the best option for SCN management in a soybean crop. The legacy effect observed for Clariva may or may not be reproducible. 24
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2014 STATEWIDE SOYBEAN SEED TREATMENT Multi-site Yield SCN Reproduction Factorial ANOVA P(f) / P(i) * 2014 p (F) p (F) SITE 1.0000 0.0002 VARIETY (SCN RES.) 0.0000 0.0017 SEED TRT. 0.1487 0.1531 SITE * VARIETY (SCN RES.) 0.0000 0.0000 SITE * SEED TRT. 0.8896 0.0128 VARIETY (SCN RES. ) * SEED TRT. 0.0127 0.1500 SITE* VARIETY (SCN RES.) * SEED TRT. 0.9890 0.0020 * final SCN egg population / initial SCN egg population (replication mean) 26
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End of season SCN eggs / 100 cc soil VOLUNTEER SOYBEANS 10,000 8,975 RESISTANT SOYBEAN 4,938 SUSCEPTIBLE SOYBEAN 2,300 1,000 375 375 425 213 288 325 319 163 100 88 50 75 10 13 1 28