Subject Index A1, apoptosis regulation 217, 218 Adaptive immunity, polymorphonuclear neutrophil role 31 33 Angiogenesis cancer 178 endometrium remodeling 172 HIV Tat induction mechanism 176 inflammatory disease 167 neutrophil modulators angiostatin 173, 174 anti-inflammatory agents 175 CXCR2 ligands 168, 169, 175, 176 cytokine inhibitors 174, 175 hepatocyte growth factor 170, 171, 176, 177 induction vs inhibition 175 178 interleukin-8 168, 170, 177 platelet activating factor 171 reactive oxygen species 173 vascular endothelial growth factor 170, 172, 176, 177 Angiostatin, neutrophil modulation of angiogenesis 173, 174 AP-1 dimerization 16 neutrophil synthesis 16, 17 target genes 16 Apoptosis, neutrophils CD16 expression 206 cytokine regulation 207, 212, 213 glutathione loss 208 hypoxia effects 208 life span of neutrophils 24, 45, 64, 204 molecular regulation A1 217, 218 Bcl-2 210 213 caspases 209, 210 cytochrome c loss from mitochondria 210 death receptors 209 Mcl-1 213 218 morphology 205 207 nuclear factor- B role 13, 14 phosphatidylserine translocation 207 survival factors 24, 25, 204, 205, 207, 208 Aspirin, promotion of lipoxin synthesis 116, 118 120, 128 130 Asthma, lipoxin role 129, 130, 135 Bcl-2, apoptosis regulation 210 213 Bone marrow, polymorphonuclear neutrophil release 24, 26 Cancer angiogenesis 178, 185 antitumor therapy 193 gene transfer studies chemokines 189 cytokines 186 189 stimulating immunotherapy bispecific antibodies 193 195 patient selection 195, 196 principles 193, 194 prospects 196 226
tumor necrosis factor ligands 189, 190 interleukin-12 therapy 191, 193 neutrophils antitumor activity overview 186 feeding 185 immune memory rejection role 190, 191 tumor components 184, 185 vaccination plus cytokines for prevention 197 CAP37, see Heparin binding protein Caspases, apoptosis regulation 209, 210 Cathepsin G functions 184 vascular permeability modulation 156 CCL19, adaptive immunity role 32, 33 CCL20, adaptive immunity role 32, 33 CD16, expression on apoptotic cells 206 CD83, expression 51, 53 C/EBP activation 15, 16 isoforms 15, 16 neutrophil synthesis 16 Chemokines, see also specific chemokines adaptive immunity role 32, 33 angiogenesis regulation CXCR2 ligands 168, 169, 175, 176 interleukin-8 168, 170, 177 classification 25, 82 expression in cytokine-activated s 36 inflammation role of neutrophil cytokines 88 90 networking during acute inflammation 87, 88 neutrophil recruitment 82 86 receptor expression on s bone marrow release role 26, 27 CCR1 84, 85 CCR2 85 CCR3 85 CCR6 35, 86 CXCR1 25 27, 82 84, 169 CXCR2 25 27, 82 84, 168, 169 CXCR4 27 cytokine regulation 26 miscellaneous receptors 86 regulation of expression 86, 87 tissue-infiltrating cell expression 27, 28 regulation of neutrophil expression 88 tumor transfection studies 189 Circulating levels, polymorphonuclear neutrophils 24 Complement, cytokine release regulation in neutrophils 99 Cytochrome c, apoptosis regulation 210 Cytokine receptor chain, expression 64, 75, 76 Defensins, functions 183, 184 Degranulation, see Granule release, s Dendritic cell phenotype and cytokine activation 33 35, 45, 184 subpopulations 103 DNA microarray, cytokine-activated expression studies 35 38 Elastase, vascular permeability modulation 156 Emigration, cytokines in emigration 28, 29 Endometrium, remodeling 172 Endothelium, see Vascular permeability Enteritis, lipoxin 136 Ets, neutrophil synthesis 15 Extracellular matrix, polymorphonuclear neutrophil transversal 29 Fas ligand, tumor transfection studies 189, 190 N-Formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, interleukin-12 production role 99 Subject Index 227
Glutathione, loss in apoptosis 208 Granule release, polymorphonuclear neutrophils cytokine regulation 30, 31 granule types 169 tissue damage 81, 82 Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor cancer treatment 193 STAT activation 3, 4 Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor phenotype effects 34 STAT activation 4, 5 Growth hormone, STAT activation 8 Heparin binding protein, vascular permeability modulation 156 158 Hepatocyte growth factor, neutrophil modulation of angiogenesis 170, 171, 176, 177 15-HETE, esterification in lipoxin biosynthesis priming 123, 124 Human immunodeficiency virus neutrophil defects 196 Tat, angiogenesis induction mechanism 176 Innate immunity, polymorphonuclear neutrophil triggering 107 Integrins neutrophil-endothelium interactions 148, 149, 153, 155 emigration role 28, 29 structures 149 Interferon- interleukin-12 production regulation 101 phenotype effects 34 STAT activation 5, 6 Interleukin-1 neutrophil synthesis 1, 2 Interleukin-2 activation 68 70 Interleukin-4 interleukin-12 production regulation 101 activation 70, 71 production 74 Interleukin-6, preformed stores in neutrophils 102, 103 Interleukin-7 activation 71, 72 Interleukin-8 angiogenesis role 168, 170, 177 cytokine stimulation of production 100 neutrophil synthesis 1, 2, 99, 100 tumor angiogenesis 185 Interleukin-9 activation 72, 73 Interleukin-10 interleukin-12 production regulation 101, 103, 104 STAT activation 7, 8 tumor transfection studies 187 Interleukin-12 antitumor therapy 191, 193 functions 95, 96 production Subject Index 228
cytokine modulation 100, 101 functions 104 107 inducing microorganisms 96, 98 overview 96 preformed stores 102 104 prospects for study 108, 109 triggering pathways 98 100 structure 95 tumor transfection studies 187 189 Interleukin-15 activation 73 75 production 74 tumor transfection studies 187, 188 Interleukin-21 functions 74 JAM-1, neutrophil diapedesis role 151, 152 Janus kinase signaling through STATs 2, 3, 67, 68 types 67 Leukotrienes antagonist comparison studies with lipoxins 132 leukotriene A 4 -dependent biosynthesis of lipoxins 124 126 neutrophil recruitment 147 Life span, s 24, 45, 64, 204 Lipopolysaccharide, polymorphonuclear neutrophil gene expression response 37, 38 Lipoxins biosynthesis aspirin promotion of synthesis 116, 118 120, 128, 129 15-HETE esterification in priming 123, 124 leukotriene A 4 -dependent biosynthesis 124 126 15-lipoxygenase-initiated pathway 117, 118, 120, 122, 123 regulation 137 selectin-deficient mouse studies 126, 127 transcellular biosynthesis 117, 118, 126, 127 disease association asthma 135 enteritis 136 nephritis 136 overview 134, 135 15-epi-LXA 4 induction by aspirin in animal models and asthma 129, 130 stable analog 134 inflammation resolution 115, 116 species distribution 127, 128 therapeutic use leukotriene antagonist comparison studies 132 neutrophil infiltration inhibition 131 133 prospects 137, 138 rational 116, 117, 130, 131 stable analog generation 131 vascular damage prevention 131 134 types and functions 121 Major histocompatibility complex, expression class II molecules active disease studies 47, 49 51 donor-dependence of surface expression 46 functional consequences 53, 55, 59, 60, 61 induction by cytokines 46 specificity of cytokine induction 46, 47 costimulatory molecule expression 51, 53, 55 overview 33 35, 45 Subject Index 229
Mcl-1 antisense disruption 214, 215, 217 half-life 214 neutrophil expression and apoptosis role 215 218 regulation of expression 218 structure 213, 214 tissue distribution 213 MCP-1, adaptive immunity role 32 MIP-1, neutrophil synthesis 1, 2 MIP-2, preformed stores in neutrophils 102, 103 Mitogen-activated protein kinase, interleukin-12 production role 99 Nephritis, lipoxin 136 Nuclear factor- B activation in neutrophils 10 12 apoptosis role 13, 14 DNA binding 9 gene targets 9, 10 inhibitor 9 interleukin-12 production role 99 prospects for study 14, 15 reactive oxygen intermediate modulation 12, 13 structure 9 OX40L, tumor transfection studies 190 PECAM-1, neutrophil diapedesis role 150, 151 Phosphatidylserine, translocation in apoptosis 207 Platelet activating factor, neutrophil modulation of angiogenesis 171 Priming, cytokines in polymorphonuclear neutrophil priming 29, 65 Prolactin, STAT activation 8 PU.1, neutrophil synthesis 15 Reactive oxygen species neutrophil modulation of angiogenesis 173 nuclear factor- B modulation 12, 13 Rolling, s 28 Selectins deficient mouse studies of lipoxin synthesis 126, 127 neutrophil-endothelium interactions 148, 182, 183 L-selectin, polymorphonuclear neutrophil emigration role 28 STATs activation in neutrophils early studies 3, 4 granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 3, 4 granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor 4, 5 growth hormone 8 interferon- 5, 6 interleukin-10 7, 8 prolactin 8 prospects for study 8, 9 dimers 2 isoforms 2 Jak signaling 2, 67, 68 types 2 T cell antitumor immune memory rejection 190, 191 delayed-type hypersensitivity 183 recruitment 183 subset selection by polymorphonuclear neutrophils during infection 104 106 Tat, angiogenesis induction mechanism 176 Toll-like receptor, neutrophil expression 98, 99 Tumor, see Cancer Tumor necrosis factor- s gene expression response 36, 37 phenotype effects 34, 35 priming 29 tumor transfection studies of ligands 189, 190 Vascular endothelial growth factor, neutrophil modulation of angiogenesis 170, 172, 176, 177 Subject Index 230
Vascular permeability endothelial barrier structure 151, 152 inflammatory reaction and mediators 146 lipoxin effects 131 134 neutrophils diapedesis 150, 151 endothelium interactions adhesive contact downregulation 154 cationic proteins in regulation of barrier function 155 158 endothelial cell calcium flux and contraction 153, 154 extravasation 147, 148 integrins 148, 149, 153, 155 junction protein phosphorylation 154 oxidant-mediated barrier dysfunction 154, 155 prospects for study 159, 160 selectins 148, 182, 183 gap formation in transendothelial migration 159 recruitment 147, 183 Wegener granulomatosis, MHC class II expression 49, 50 Subject Index 231