Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Advanced Dental Health Practitioner (ADHP), 563, 564 Age, as barrier to oral health care, 525 Alcohol consumption, and tobacco use, oral and pharyngeal cancers and, 592 American Dental Association (ADA), advertising by dentists and, 590 American Indian/Alaska Native Oral Health Assess Summit, 531 National Oral Health Literacy Advisory Committee (NOHLAC), 531 recommendations for improvement of oral health of underserved, 527, 529 American Dental Education Association (ADEA), 564, 600, 601 American Dental Hygienists Association (ADHA), 562, 563 Association of American Medical Colleges, 600 B Bon Secours Health System, Inc., 427 C Cancer(s), oral, 406 and pharyngeal, tobacco use and alcohol consumption and, 592 prevention and detection of, 592 CARES model, 549 community outreach programs of, 553 education and, 553 for improving patient retention and access to care, as social work in dentistry, 549 558 growth of, 550 551 origins of, 550 research and, 554 557 demographic information of, 555 557 services provided by, 552 553 transportation and, 552 553 use in financial problems, 552 use in mental health problems, 553 Caries, 401 404 clinical risk assessment of, 514, 515 516 decline in, fluoride exposure and, 436 incidence of, 402, 403 primary prevention of, 402 403 secondary prevention of, 403 tertiary prevention of, 403 404 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 532 Dent Clin N Am 53 (2009) 609 615 doi:10.1016/s0011-8532(09)00046-9 0011-8532/09/$ see front matter ª 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. dental.theclinics.com
610 Index Children, access to care, improvement of, international approach for, 471 473 barriers to accessing care for, dental workforce and, 470 471 care for, dental therapists focusing on, 476 477 efforts to train dental hygienists to provide, in United States, 474 475 decayed, missing, and filled tooth surfaces in, 436, 437 oral health care for, disparities in, 469 470 improving access to, by including dental therapists in dental workforce, 469 483 preventive dental care for, physicians in, 456 Children s Dental Care Foundation, 598 599 Clinical risk, managing of: right person, right care, right time, 511 522 Clinical risk assessment, 511 512 expanded access to care and, 516 517 instruments needed for, 513 516 understanding risk and, 512 513 Clinical risk data, application to patient needs, 517 518 Communication, in risk management, 519 520 Community Dental Health Coordinator (CDHC), 529, 563 Counseling, Advocacy, Referral, Education and Service program. See CARES model. Cultural factors, as barrier to oral health care, 525 D Dental benefit plans, procedures covered by, 507 508 reasons for, 508 509 Dental benefits, improve access to oral care, 505 509 role of, 508 509 Dental benefits programs, types of, 505 506 Dental care, access of, public programs, and insurance, 485 503 access to, as symptom of dentistry s disconnectedness, 422 423 dilemma of, as symptom of systemic condition, 421 433 improving of, why public policy matters in, 571 587 coverage of, and decision to seek, 493 494 politics and policy and, 499 500 use in children in United States, 500, 501 demand for, 490 dental insurance and, 490 493 financing of, 408 409 for recent immigrants, 413 for special needs populations, 413 for victims of natural disasters, 412 413 how it can preserve and improve oral health, 399 420 limited use of, by elderly, 412 by low-income individuals, 411 by pregnant women, 411 412 by prisoners, 412 by racial/ethnic minorities, 411 by rural residents, 411 Medicaid and, 409, 494, 560, 572 574 mobile, 590 paying for, 489 493 preventive, for children, physicians in, 456
provision and financing of, by state, 571 576 State Children s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) and, 409, 494, 495, 560 562, 572 574 Dental care services, use of, 486 488 Dental coverage, program design for, 496 499 Dental education, 600 601 teledentistry and, 544 545 Dental expenditures, as measure of use fo dental services, 488 489 Dental expenses, average, increase in, 489, 493 Dental health aide therapists, for rural Alaska, 486 Dental Health Maintenance Organizations, 506 Dental Health Professions Shortage Areas (D-HPSAs), 593 Dental hygienists, 440 efforts to train, in United States, to provide care for children, 474 475 scope of practice of, regulation of, 578, 579 state licensure of, 577 578 support of, teledentistry and, 543 544 Dental Indemnity Plans, 506 Dental insurance, availability of, 409 dental care and, 490 493 innovations in, 600 Dental office, mix of services provided by, 439 440 Dental office personnel, increase in, 440 441 mix of, in dental services, 439 440 Dental personnel, auxiliary, scope of practice of, as limited, 407 408 Dental plans, affordability of, 506 507 discount, 506 Dental practice, ownership of, state laws concerning, 580 Dental Preferred Provider Organizations (DPPOs), 505 Dental profession, founding of, 590 regulation by state, 590 Dental professional foundations, 598 599 Dental Programs, community-based, innovative, 594 596 Dental public health, 410 Dental schools, as source of treatment for underserved, 549 clinics at, care at, 549, 550 enrollment in, 441 443 graduates of, 443 entering practice, and retiring from practice, 443, 444 Dental services, and medical services, cost of, compared with consumer price index, 438 expenditures for, 436 437 payment methods for, 437 Dental students, debt burden of, 583 loan repayment programs for, 583 Dental therapists, care of children by, as economic issue, 477 478 deployment of, 478 479 focusing on care of children, 476 477 in dental workforce, improving access to oral health care for children by including, 469 483 introduction in Alaska, 475 476 training of, for dental workforce, 478 Index 611
612 Index Dental workforce, 435 449 barriers to accessing care for children, 470 471 projections for, 444 447 racial/ethnic homegeneity of, oral health care and, 408 supply of, factors affecting, 435 Dentist to population ratio, decline in, 470 Dentistry, disconnectedness of, 422 establishment of connectedness in, 424 429 evidence-based, 601 602 evolution of, three developments in, 426 in 1830s and 1840s, 426 patterns of isolation in, 422 423 Dentists, advertising by, American Dental Association and, 590 and community, connectedness between, 431 and patients, connectedness between, 430 and profession, connectedness between, 431 and society at large, connectedness between, 432 as agents of change, 425 426 commercial competition between, 423 424 foreign-trained, 590 591 income of, and dental expenditures, 438 number of, oral health care and, 407 percentage of population visiting, 439 professional associations and, 425 426 committee membership and, 428 leadership and key players of, 427 428 questions for discussion and, 428, 430 432 state or county-employed, care by, 571 Department of Defense, Total Dental Access project of, 538 Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 532 Donated Dental Services (DDS) program, 530, 599 E Early Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment (EPSDT) service, of Medicaid, 494 495, 560, 572 573 Education, dental, 600 601 teledentistry and, 544 545 Education level, oral health care and, 525 Electronic records, use of, teledentistry and, 545 Emergency departments, use of, for dental problems, 452 454 F Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs), 593 594, 595 Fluoride exposure, decline in caries in, 436 Fluoride prevention therapy, 591 592 Foundations, private, and public agency partnerships, 599 600 G Gingivitis, 404
Index 613 H Head Start Dental Home Initiative, 596 Health care workforce, education and training of, by state, 582 584 Health facilities, regulation of, state dental practice acts and, 576 580 Health Foundation of Greater Cincinnati, 599 Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA), teledentistry and, 546 Health professionals, non-dental, role in providing access to dental care for low-income and minority patients, 451 468 future directions in, 460 461 Health providers, state control over, 571, 572 Health reform, dental community and, 566 567 scenarios for, 567 568 Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), 526 527, 532 Healthy Kids Dental (HKD) Medicaid program, 528 529 Healthy People 2010 program, 597 598 I Income, oral health care and, 525 Insurance, dental, availability of, 409 dental care and, 490 493 innovations in, 600 public programs, and dental access, 485 503 M Medicaid, 596 597 dental care and, 409, 494, 560, 572 574 Early Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment (EPSDT) service of, 494 495, 560, 572 573 Healthy Kids Dental (HKD) program, 528 529 state programs, administration rates and, 574 dentist reimbursement and, availability of, 576 rates of, 574 Medicaid patients, oral health care access and, 525, 526, 528, 530 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), use of dental services and, 487 Medicare Direct Graduate Medical Education (DGME), 594 Mobile dental care, 590 N National Association of Dental Plans (NADP), 559, 562 563 National Foundation of Dentistry for the Handicapped (NFDH), 530 National Health Service Corps (NHSC), 593 National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), 532 National Network for Oral Health Access, 532 Nurses, school dental, efforts to train, in United States, 473 474 O Oral cancer(s), 406 and pharyngeal cancer, tobacco use and alcohol consumption and, 592 prevention and detection of, 592
614 Index Oral care, dental benefits improve access to, 505 509 Oral diseases, common, 401 406 primary prevention of, 401 secondary prevention of, 401 tertiary prevention of, 401 Oral health, and general health, 399 400 how dental care can preserve and improve, 399 420 patient behavioral and socio-cultural issues and, 410 poor, problem of, 400 quality of life and, 400 relevance of, 399 400 Oral health care, access to, definition of, 523 improving of, next steps for, 533 534 private sector response to, 523 535 innovations to improve, 589 606 legislative solutions to, 564 566 problem of, 524 availability and access to, factors determining, 407 410 barriers to, defining of, 524 527 population categories with, 524 community-based, 592 594 curricular and training deficiencies in, 408 disparities in, 423 for children, disparities in, 469 470 improving access to, by including dental therapists in dental workforce, 469 483 physicians providing, 454 459 reform of, introduction to, 559 570 structural issues in, 408 410 Oral health care legislation, promotion of, 562 Oral health care needs, identification of, 518 519 Orofacial disorders, consultation on, teledentistry for, 543 544 P Periodontal diseases, clinical risk assessment of, 516 definition of, 404 primary prevention of, 405 secondary prevention of, 405 symptoms of, 404 tertiary prevention of, 405 406 Periodontitis, 404 Pharmacists, role in consulting with underserved with toothache pain, 459 460 Pharyngeal cancer, and oral cancer, tobacco use and alcohol consumption and, 592 Phobias and fear, as barrier to oral health care, 526 Physicians, interventions of, effectiveness of, 456 457 providing oral health care, 454 459 services for adults, in dental care, 457 459 Private sector, response of, to improvement of access to oral health care, 523 535 Public health, dental, 410 Public health responses, of states, 580 582 Public programs, insurance, and dental access, 485 503
Index 615 Q Quantum Foundation, 599 600 R Records, electronic, use of, teledentistry and, 545 Rhode Island Oral Health Access Project, 599 Risk assessment, clinical. See Clinical risk assessment. Risk management, communication in, 519 520 Sealant programs, school-based and school-linked, 581 Sealants, application of, state regulations and, 578 579 Social work in dentistry: CARES model for improving patient retention and access to care, 549 558 State Children s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP), 596 597 dental care and, 409, 494, 495, 560 562, 572 574 State dental director, 581 582 State dental practice acts, in regulation of health facilities and professionals, 576 580 T Teleconsultation, 538 Teledentistry, and dental education, 544 545 and support of dental hygienists, 543 544 collaboration between hub site and remote site, 539 description of, 537, 538 for consultation on orofacial disorders, 542 543 Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act and, 546 improving access to care, areas appropriate for, 542 545 telehealth equipment and transmission modes for, 545 546 typical visit, 539 University of Minnesota project, 540 542 use of, to improve access to dental care for underserved, 537 548 use of electronic records in, 545 videoconferencing in, 539, 540 Telehealth, 538 Tobacco use, and alcohol consumption, oral and pharyngeal cancers and, 592 Tooth surfaces, decayed, missing, and filled, in children, 436, 437 Toothache pain, underserved with, pharmacists consulting in, 459 460 U Underserved population, access to dental care for, teledentistry to improve, 537 548 toothache pain and, pharmacists consulting in, 459 460 United States, population of, by age groups, 435, 436 W Water fluoridation, 591 community-based, 581 W.K. Kellogg Foundation, 599