Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A ACLF. See Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) Acute kidney injury (AKI) in ACLF patients, 967 Acute liver failure (ALF), 957 964 causes of, 958 959 defined, 957 958 incidence of, 958 959 management of, 959 964 bioartificial liver support systems in clinical efficacy of, 948 949 cause-specific, 959 960 complications-related, 960 962 liver transplantation in, 962 964 non-cause-specific, 960 Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) described, 964 management of artificial liver support systems in clinical efficacy of, 949 953 ICU, 964 970 pathophysiology of, 964 prognosis of initial assessment of, 964 970 Acute variceal bleeding (AVB), 793 808 described, 793 794 management of esophageal stents in, 800 803 general, 795 hemostatic therapies in, 795 800 EBL, 796 800 endoscopic therapy, 796 splanchnic vasoconstrictors, 795 796 TIPS in, 855 natural history/diagnosis of, 794 795 refractory TIPS for, 855 857 AKI. See Acute kidney injury (AKI) Alcoholic hepatitis HVPG measurement in, 785 ALF. See Acute liver failure (ALF) Clin Liver Dis 18 (2014) 979 989 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1089-3261(14)00078-6 1089-3261/14/$ see front matter ª 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. liver.theclinics.com
980 Index Ascites refractory AVB. See Acute variceal bleeding (AVB) B Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) procedure in gastric varices management, 819, 833 847 outcomes in American institutions, 844 846 outcomes in Asian institutions, 837 844 TIPS with outcomes of, 846 847 Balloon tamponade in gastric varices management, 814 Bile duct stones cholangioscopy for outcomes of, 932 934 Biliary anastomotic strictures after liver transplantation cholangioscopy for, 921 diagnostic approach to, 915 916 ERCP for, 913 926. See also Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), for biliary anastomotic strictures after liver transplantation recurrence of, 920 risk factors for, 915 treatment of, 916 920 Biliary malignancies suspected cholangioscopy for outcomes of, 934 937 Biliary strictures anastomotic. See Biliary anastomotic strictures LDLT and, 920 921 types of, 914 915 Bleeding acute variceal, 793 808. See also Acute variceal bleeding (AVB) gastrointestinal in ACLF patients, 969 970 refractory gastric varices and portal hypertensive gastropathy and, 857 variceal. See Variceal bleeding BRTO procedure. See Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) procedure Budd-Chiari syndrome TIPS for, 859 C Cancer(s). See also Carcinoma(s) liver
radioembolization for, 882 883 TACE for, 877 890. See also Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), for liver cancer Carcinoma(s). See also Cancer(s) hepatocellular. See Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) Chemoembolization transarterial for liver cancer. See also Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) Cholangiocarcinoma benign stenosis vs. in PSC patients, 906 907 described, 891 ERCP for, 891 897. See also Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) Cholangioscopy in liver disease, 927 944 approach to, 929 930 for bile duct stones outcomes of, 932 934 for biliary anastomotic strictures after liver transplantation, 921 clinical implications of, 938 complications/management of, 938 current controversies/future considerations in, 938 939 follow-up care, 938 indications/contraindications to, 928 introduction, 927 928 outcomes of, 931 937 postprocedure care, 938 preparation for, 928 929 for PSC, 907 outcomes of, 937 reporting of, 938 for suspected biliary malignancies outcomes of, 934 937 technique for, 930 931 Cholangitis primary sclerosing ERCP for, 899 911. See also Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), for PSC; Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) Chronic liver disease (CLD) described, 768 Cirrhosis prognosis of HVPG measurement in, 784 785 severity of HVPG measurement in, 784 785 CLD. See Chronic liver disease (CLD) Conventional TACE (ctace) for liver cancer technique/procedure for, 879 881 Index 981
982 Index D Drug-eluting bead TACE for liver cancer technique/procedure for, 882 E EBL. See Endoscopic band ligation (EBL) Endoscopic band ligation (EBL) in AVB management, 796 800 in gastric varices management, 816 Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for biliary anastomotic strictures after liver transplantation, 913 926 complications of, 921 dilation and plastic stent placement, 917 introduction, 913 914 limitations of, 918 920 self-expandable metal stents, 917 918 for cholangiocarcinoma, 891 897 complications/management of, 894 895 current controversies/future considerations in, 896 indications/contraindications to, 891 892 outcomes of, 895 896 postoperative care, 895 technique/procedure for, 892 894 introduction, 891 for PSC, 899 911. See also Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) complications of, 905 907 introduction, 899 900 Endoscopic sphincterotomy for PSC, 902 Endoscopic stent placement for PSC, 903 904 Endoscopic stricture dilation for PSC, 902 903 Endoscopic therapies in AVB management, 796 combined in gastric varices management, 818 in gastric varices management, 814 in gastric varices prevention, 820 Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided therapy in gastric varices management, 818 819 Endovascular procedures in gastric varices management, 829 851. See also specific methods and Gastric varices, management of, endovascular ERCP. See Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) Esophageal stents in AVB management, 800 803 EUS. See Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)
Index 983 G Gastric varices acute management of, 813 anatomy related to, 830 833 vascular, 811 812 classification of, 810, 830 833 hemodynamic features of, 811 812 introduction, 809 810 management of, 809 851 balloon tamponade in, 814 band ligation in, 816 BRTO procedure in, 819, 833 847 endoscopic therapies in, 814 combined, 818 endovascular, 829 851 BRTO procedure, 833 837 outcomes in American institutions, 844 846 outcomes in Asian institutions, 837 844 introduction, 829 830 TIPS only in outcomes of, 846 EUS guided treatment in, 818 819 medical, 813 814 obturation in, 815 816 primary prophylaxis in, 812 813 radiologic interventions in, 819 risk factors associated with, 813 sclerotherapy in, 814 815 secondary prophylaxis in, 820 821 thrombin in, 817 818 TIPS in, 819 refractory bleeding from terminology related to, 830 833 Gastroesophageal varices. See also Gastric varices introduction, 809 810 Gastrointestinal bleeding in ACLF patients, 969 970 Gastropathy portal hypertensive refractory bleeding from H HCC. See Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) Hemodynamic instability in ACLF patients management of, 965 967
984 Index Hemostatic therapies in AVB management, 795 800. See also Acute variceal bleeding (AVB), management of, hemostatic therapies in Hepatic venoocclusive disease TIPS for, 859 Hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) measurement, 780 782 applications of, 783 788 alcoholic hepatitis, 785 assessment of new therapeutic agents, 788 assessment of response to pharmacologic therapy to decrease portal pressure, 786 788 cirrhosis prognosis, 784 785 cirrhosis severity, 784 785 hepatocellular carcinoma, 786 liver transplantation, 785 786 portal hypertension classification, 784 portal hypertension diagnosis, 783 784 viral hepatitis, 785 Hepatitis alcoholic HVPG measurement in, 785 viral HVPG measurement in, 785 Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) HVPG measurement in, 786 introduction, 877 879 Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) TIPS for, 858 859 Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) TIPS for, 859 HPS. See Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) HRS. See Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) HVPG. See Hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) Hydrothorax refractory hepatic TIPS for, 858 Hypertension portal. See Portal hypertension I ICU. See Intensive care unit (ICU) Infection(s) in ACLF patients, 964 Intensive care unit (ICU) liver failure patients in management of, 957 978. See also Liver failure, ICU management of patients with Interventional radiologic approach in gastric varices prevention, 820
Index 985 L LDLT. See Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) Liver biopsy transjugular, 767 778. See also Transjugular liver biopsy (TJLB) Liver cancer radioembolization for, 882 883 TACE for, 877 890. See also Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), for liver cancer Liver disease cholangioscopy in, 927 944. See also Cholangioscopy, in liver disease Liver failure acute. See Acute liver failure (ALF) acute-on-chronic. See Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) ICU management of patients with, 957 978 ACL patients, 957 964. See also Acute liver failure (ALF) ACLF patients, 964 970 liver support systems in, 945 956. See also Liver support systems Liver support systems bioartificial in ALF, 948 949 extracorporeal technical characteristics of, 946 in liver failure, 945 956 artificial vs. bioartificial systems analysis clinical studies, 953 clinical efficacy of, 948 953 in ACLF, 949 953 in ALF, 949 bioartificial liver support systems in ALF, 948 949 future considerations, 953 954 ideal requirements for, 953 954 in improving liver regeneration, 948 in improving portal and systemic hemodynamics, 947 948 rationale for, 946 948 in toxins elimination, 946 947 necessity of, 945 946 Liver transplantation for ALF, 962 964 biliary anastomotic strictures after. See also Biliary anastomotic strictures, after liver transplantation ERCP for, 913 926. See also Biliary anastomotic strictures; Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), for biliary anastomotic strictures after liver transplantation HVPG measurement and, 785 786 living donor biliary strictures and, 920 921 Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) biliary strictures and, 920 921
986 Index M Malignancy(ies) biliary suspected cholangioscopy for, 934 937 Medical therapies in gastric varices prevention, 820 N Neurologic complications in ACLF patients, 967 969 O Obturation in gastric varices management, 815 816 P Partial splenic embolization (PSE) in gastric varices prevention, 820 Portal hypertension classification of HVPG measurement in, 784 described, 779 780 diagnosis of HVPG measurement in, 783 784 Portal hypertensive gastropathy refractory bleeding from Portal pressure decrease in HVPG measurement in assessment of response to pharmacologic therapy for, 786 788 introduction, 779 780 measurement of, 779 792 HVPG related, 780 782 Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) cholangioscopy for outcomes of, 937 cholangioscopy in role of, 907 described, 899 900 diagnosis of, 900 dominant stricture in, 900 901 management of endoscopic, 902 904 medical, 901 nonendoscopic, 901 902 percutaneous, 901 surgical, 902
Index 987 endoscopic management of efficacy of, 904 ERCP for, 899 911. See also Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), for PSC PSC. See Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) PSE. See Partial splenic embolization (PSE) Pulmonary complications in ACLF patients, 970 R Radioembolization for liver cancer, 882 883 Radiologic procedures in gastric varices management, 819 Refractory acute variceal bleeding TIPS for, 855 857 Refractory ascites Refractory bleeding gastric varices and portal hypertensive gastropathy and Refractory hepatic hydrothorax TIPS for, 858 S Sclerotherapy in gastric varices management, 814 815 Septic shock in ACLF patients management of, 965 967 Sphincterotomy endoscopic for PSC, 902 Splanchnic vasoconstrictors in AVB management, 795 796 Stent(s) esophageal in AVB management, 800 803 Suspected biliary malignancies cholangioscopy for outcomes of, 934 937 T TACE. See Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) Thrombin in gastric varices management, 817 818 TIPS. See Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS) TJLB. See Transjugular liver biopsy (TJLB)
988 Index Toxin(s) liver failure related elimination of liver support systems in, 946 947 Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for liver cancer, 877 890 clinical implications of, 884 885 complications/management of, 883 ctace technique/procedure for, 879 881 current controversies/future considerations in, 886 888 drug-eluting bead type technique/procedure for, 882 follow-up care, 884 885 indications/contraindications for, 879 introduction, 877 879 outcomes of, 885 886 postprocedure care, 883 884 reporting related to, 884 885 technique/procedure for, 879 883 Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS), 853 876 advanced/alternative techniques for, 864 complications of, 864 867 conventional technique for, 860 864 evaluation prior to, 859 860 follow-up care, 867 future considerations in, 867 in gastric varices management, 819 with BRTO procedure outcomes of, 846 847 outcomes of, 846 indications for, 854 859 AVB, 855 refractory, 855 857 Budd-Chiari syndrome, 859 hepatic venoocclusive disease, 859 HPS, 858 859 HRS, 859 refractory ascites, 857 refractory bleeding from gastric varices and portal hypertensive gastropathy, 857 refractory hepatic hydrothorax, 858 variceal hemorrhage prevention, 854 855 introduction, 853 854 maintenance care, 867 patient selection for, 859 860 Transjugular liver biopsy (TJLB), 767 778 complications/management of, 774 current controversies/future considerations in, 776 indications/contraindications to, 768 sample quality and clinical implications in, 774 776 technique/procedure for, 768 774
Index 989 Transplantation(s) liver. See Liver transplantation V Variceal bleeding acute refractory TIPS for, 855 857 TIPS for, 855 prevention of TIPS in, 854 855 Varices gastric. See Gastric varices Vasoconstrictor(s) splanchnic in AVB management, 795 796 Venoocclusive disease hepatic TIPS for, 859 Viral hepatitis HVPG measurement in, 785