Glycinates Animal Nutrition G-ENL/MT, G-ENL/MP Lampertheim, 02.12.2013
1 Introduction 2 Product offer 3 Value 4 Product portfolio 5 Dosage recommendation 6 Backup: - Animal trial data - Packaging and Labelling 2
Introduction Why organically bound trace elements Glycinates? Why trace elements? Trace elements are essential ingredients that comprise <50mg/kg animal body weight. Reduced performance, problems with the immune system and reduced reproduction can be the consequence in case of deficiency. Why glycine? Glycine is the smallest amino acid occurring in nature. Because glycine is the smallest amino acid, the complex of the trace element and glycine is the smallest possible, too. Why glycinates? Glycinates are very stable, highly available, not electrically charged trace element bonds and therefore not sensitive to other antagonists. The advantage compared to other amino acid chelates is the little molecular size which helps to improve the absorption in the intestine. 3
Amino Acids Structure and molecular weights (MW: g/mol) Source: http://www.neb.uk.com/te chnicalresources/general_ data/amino_acid_structur es.asp 4
Product Offer BASF focuses on the four most important trace elements Trace elements Most important trace elements 5
Value Degree of complexation and quality lead to five key values Key values Premixing / Basemixing Feed Milling Animal Farming complexation Quality Degree of Sustainability Bioavailability Efficacy Reliability Physical properties Positive effect on stability of other ingredients (e.g. Vitamin A) - Flow ability - Dust-free - Miscibility - Solubility Less metals in the manure due to better absorption Better performance (higher weight gain, improved feed conversion ratio) The higher the degree of complexation the more trace element can be potentially absorbed by the animal Guaranteed metal content and Degree of complexation Unique for BASF products Typical for all Glycinates 6
Reliability Guaranteed high metal content Unique production process ensures high metal content and granule product form in BASF Glycinates product range. Glycine + Metal- Sulphate Competitor spray drying process leads to dusty, lumpy product at a lower metal content BASF unique granulation process leads to superior granules at a higher metal content 7
Intensity Reliability BASF has developed a method to prove the degree of complexation by powder XRD Results: Diffraction angle control product residue Advantage of BASF analysis: Quantitative, unambiguous & fast Based on structure identification Works on all known forms Used for production control Competitor product analysis Cu Fe Mn Zn Compet. >95% (tbd) >95% >95% x % Source: BASF 8
Reliability All structures are completely identified All trace element structures in glycinate products have been identified. Knowledge of all structures is prerequisite to enable and steer development of trace element glycinates with high-complexation degree. For complete elucidation even high sophisticated technologies like synchrotron have been used for high resolution X-ray powder diffractogram. Synchrotron, European Laboratory for Particle Physics, Geneva, Switzerland Glycinate structure 9
Physical properties Copper Glycinate Cu-Glycinate: blue to turquois, free flowing, dust-free and odorless micro-granule Mineral content: 23-27% Mineral complexed: guaranteed >93% Residual moisture: <8% Density: 800-1100 kg/m³ Solubility: highly soluble in water Shelf life: 24 months Packaging: 25 kg bag Article number: 50351985 What is Copper important for? Connective tissue: Elastin formation; decreased collagen and elastin crosslinking; egg shell formation Immune system: General immunocompetence (SOD) Barrier function and protection against oxidation: pigmentation (melanin synthesis). Required for proper function of numerous enzymes: second most common metalloenzyme constituent (after zinc); Cytochrome c oxidase (electron transport chain), CNS development; in crustaceans it is the main component of hemocyanin/multifunctional protein. Deficiency results in ataxia, bone remodeling-impaired bone growth. 10
Physical properties Iron Glycinate Fe-Glycinate: beige to brownish, free flowing, dust-free and odorless micro-granule Mineral content: 21-24% Mineral complexed: guaranteed >90% Residual moisture: <8% Density: 750-1000 kg/m³ Solubility: highly soluble in water Shelf life: 24 months Packaging: 25 kg bag Article number: 50351987 What is Iron important for? Blood cells: Fe-Complex for oxygen binding in erythrocytes Enzymes: Plays the pivotal role/is the central ion or co-factor in many enzymes; antioxidative processes; energy metabolism Storage: Liver, spleen, bone marrow 11
Physical properties Manganese Glycinate Mn-Glycinate: white to light rose, free flowing, dust-free and odorless micro-granule Mineral content: 20-23% Mineral complexed: guaranteed >90% Residual moisture: <3% Density: 600-1000 kg/m³ Solubility: highly soluble in water Shelf life: 24 months Packaging: 25 kg bag Article number: 50351989 What is Manganese important for? Connective tissue: Cartilage formation (required for proteoglycan synthesis; deficiency effects endochondral ossification; bones and joints (abnormal bone length and shape, joint repair) Reproductive system: defective ovulation and testicular atrophy; delayed oestrus and poor conception Protection against oxidation: manganese superoxide dismutase (provides mitochondrial resistance to oxidation, Mn catalase detoxifies peroxide) Required for proper function of energy capture enzymes (affects carbohydrate and lipid metabolism via pyruvate carboxylase) Storage (limited): liver, GI Epithelium 12
Physical properties Zinc Glycinate Zn-Glycinate: white to beige, free flowing, dust-free and odorless micro-granule Mineral content: 25-28% Mineral complexed: guaranteed >95% Residual moisture: <3% Density: 800-1100 kg/m³ Solubility: highly soluble in water Shelf life: 24 months Packaging: 25 kg bag Article number: 50349107 What is Zinc important for? Connective tissue: Collagen synthesis and degradation-tissue strength, collagen turnover-remodeling, ossification; keratin formation : hoof, skin, wool, hair, wound healing Barrier function and protection against oxidation: glutathione and metallothionein influence on redox status; regulatory role in cell turnover and repair of oxidative damage; keratin: skin, hair, hooves, feathers, parakeratosis Reproductive system: reproductive failure, fetal death. Immune system: Lymphocyte differentiation, cell migration, phagocytosis Hundreds of metalloenzymes (SOD, RNA&DNA polymerase) ; regulation of gene expression; storage: bone, metallothionein 13
Dosage recommendation for BASF glycinates* Cu Fe Mn Zn Before the start of rumination: milk replacers 65 g/ton; other complete feed 65 g/ton; other bovine 150 g/ton Milk replacers: 800 g/ton feed Piglets up to 12 weeks: 740 g/ton feed Other pigs: 110 g/ton feed Piglets up to one week before weaning: 1,190 mg/day 65 g/ton feed 2,385 g/ton of the complete feeding stuff 5,960 g/ton of the complete feeding stuff 1,000 g/ton feed 220 g/ton feed 110 g/ton feed 500 g/ton feed 800 g/ton feed Other species 110 g/ton feed 3,575 g/ton of the complete feeding stuff 750 g/ton feed 600 g/ton feed * : Equivalent to the limits of trace elements according EU regulation No 1334/2003 14
Backup 15
Animal Trial Data Results show highest digestibility compared to other sources of trace elements Fattening pig trial: general approach with different trace element sources. Design: 53% barley (heat treated), 37,4% skim milk powder, 3% corn starch day 24 37 depletion period; day 37 to 44 repletion period Groups: Control group: 24.6 mg Zn, 15.3 mg Mn, 45.0 mg Fe & 3.8 mg Cu per kg feed Sulfate group: 43.1 mg Zn, 26.9 mg Mn, 69.7 mg Fe & 5.9 mg Cu per kg feed Proteinate group: 42.6 mg Zn, 25.6 mg Mn, 72.9 mg Fe & 5.7 mg Cu per kg feed Glycinate group: 44.4 mg Zn, 27.5 mg Mn, 68.2 mg Fe & 6.2 mg Cu per kg feed % % % % 50 50 45 45 40 40 35 35 30 25 30 Comments on volume development: 25 50 50 45 45 40 40 35 35 30 30 25 25 20 20 20 20 Apparent digestibility of Zn Apparent digestibility of Mn Apparent digestibility of Fe Apparent digestibility of Cu Source: Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Berlin; Männer 2008 16
Animal Trial Data Results show higher impact on animal performance than proteinates Fattening pig trial: general approach glycinate vs. proteinate. Design: standard pig diet, fattening period (30 105 kg BW) Groups: Proteinate group: 160 mg Cu, 160 mg Mn & 660 mg Zn per kg mineral feed Glycinate group: 160 mg Cu, 160 mg Mn & 660 mg Zn per kg mineral feed g 820 + 3.3% g/g 2.8 800 780 760 Comments on volume development: 740 2.75 2.7 2.65 2.6 2.55-3.0% Daily Body Weight Gain Feed Conversion Ratio Source: Trial facility/research farm for pigs, Forchheim, Germany, 2006 (not published) 17
% apparent digestibility day 42-44 of age % of intake Animal Trial Data Results show higher impact on animal performance than proteinates Rat trial Level of significant difference to Zn-sulfate group *p<0.05; (*)p<0.1 Relative difference of Zn retention from Zn-glycinate group: +30% vs. Zn-sulfate and +15% vs. Zn-proteincomplex 60 50 40 30 20 True Zn absorption * * Zn retention (*) (*) Source: Wageningen, 2008: W. Windisch u. T. Ettle et al; p.187 Trace elements in animal production systems. 10 0 Zn-sulfate Zn-glycinate Zn-proteincomplex 50 40 30 20 Control Sulfate Chelate Glycinate b b ab b b ab a a a ab c a a b a a Piglet trial a, b, c values with different superscripts in the same trace element block differed significantly (p<0.05) Relative difference of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu digestibility from glycinates: +22%, +25%, +24%, +49% vs. sulfates 10 +4%, +3%, +9%, +23% vs. protein chelates 0 Fe Mn Zn Cu Source: Wageningen, 2008: K. Männer et al; p.182 Trace elements in animal production systems. 18
Intensity BASF s glycinates Trial with competitor s material show significant lower degree of complexation Analysis of Zn glycinates by in house established powder diffractometrie (XRD): BASF Chinese Total Zn content min. 25% 23% Appearance Free flowing, granule dust-free Zn-glycinate hydrate 33% 69% Zn-glycinate 67% 0% Non-glycine Zn complexes 0% 31% Zn-glycinate complexes 100% <70% Lumping fine powder very dusty Diffraction angle 19
Packaging and Labeling 20
Limits of trace elements according EU regulation No 1334/2003 Cu Fe Mn Zn Before the start of rumination: milk replacers 15 mg/kg; other complete feed 15 mg/kg; other bovine 35 mg/kg Milk replacers: 200mg/kg feed Piglets up to 12 weeks: 170 mg/kg feed Other pigs: 25mg/kg feed Piglets up to one week before weaning: 250 mg/day 15 mg/kg feed 500 mg/kg of the complete feeding stuff 1,250 mg/kg of the complete feeding stuff 250 mg/kg feed 50 mg/kg feed 25 mg/kg feed 100 mg/kg feed 200 mg/kg feed Other species 25 mg/kg feed 750 mg/kg of the complete feeding stuff 150 mg/kg feed 150 mg/kg feed 21