4 2012 Phytophthora cactorum A symptom of Phytophthora rot caused by Phytophthora cactorum on strawberry petioles and stolons NAO Masahiro 2011 6 Glomerella cingulata Phytophthora cactorum 3 22 21 3 835 /kg 2008 2011 6 1989 4 19791980 19902006 2008 Phytophthora nicotianae van Breda de Haan Phytophthora cactorumlebert CohnSchröter 2 2006 2008 2011 6 15 2011 4 70 130 NARM 2008 50mg/L 255 CMA BBLTM Corn Meal Agar,17g/L, Becton, Dickinson and Company 2 A-1 MAFF 243284 A-2 MAFF 243285 A-1 A-2 PSA 18g/L 51015202530357 4mm PSA 369-13 -
Phytophthora cactorum 2 PSA A-1 A-2 V8 V8 100, Campbell soup company 163ml 2g 1L 18g/L 12110 25 2007V8 12120 A-1 A-2 PD MagExtractor -Plant Genome-TOYOBO DNA 2008 78 P. nicotianae E-1 E-2 DNA PCR TaKaRa ETaq 0.1l10ETaq Buffer 2ldNTPMix 1.6l 20pmol/l 0.5l DNA 2lDNA 50l 20l PCR I Cycer170-8720JA PCR 10l loading buffer 4l 1.5S 1200g/cm 2 1.5 100 30 DNA Martin et al.2004fmph-8b 5'-aaaagagaaggtgttttttatgga-3'FMPh-10b 5'-gcaaaagcactaaaaattaaatataa-3'PCR 457bp PCR 942 9515 5515 7230 35 725 White et al.1990internal transcribed spacersits ITS1 5'-tccgtaggtgaacctgcgg-3'ITS4 5'-tcctccgcttattgatatgc-3' ITS1 ITS2rDNA PCR 942 9430 5030 721 35 727 PCR ITS1 ITS4 5'3' BLASTBasic Local Alignment Search Tool GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ A-1 V8 3.710 /ml 51 25 2kKG-106SHLD-25281 mol/m 2 S20,000lux 8016 8 7 48 1215202530 1 30 1 2 3 1 3 5 30726mm 6 35255 A-1 26mmA-2 23mm 9 530-14 -
4 2012 25P. cactorum 1990 2007 1981 1960 Waterhouse and Waterston1966 V8 2557 2 A-1 34.626.1mA-2 32.224.7m l/b 1.33 1.30 1 4 2 A-1 27.5mA-2 28.1 m A-1 13.410.2mA-2 12.910.7m A-1 23.3 ma-2 24.4m 2007 1990 P. cactorum P. cactorum 457bp Phytophthora 2 ITS1 ITS2 rdna A-1 801 A-2 768 3 A-1 P. cactorumaccession GU11158799.6A-2 P. cactorum accessioneu66221999.799.9 500bp - 15 -
Phytophthora cactorum 4 56 4 30 20 6 7 2001 2008-16 -
4 2012 2007 2007 Senga SenganaKorona P. cactorum Eikemo et al.2000 P. cactorum leather rot Rose 19241993 1952 1960 Seemüller 1984Santos et al.,2002 1960 20061990 201020081993 P. nicotianae 2006 1980 Suzui et al.1980 P. cactorum Waterhouse1963P. cactorum PCR Martin et al.2004 ITS rdna Waterhouse and Waterston1966P. cactorum 120 2011 6 3.5 Grove et al.1985 Rose1926 Wright et al.1966 Madden et al.1991p. cactorum 1 1971 crown rotdeutschmann 1954 2010 Madden et al.1991 2006 0.1mm Deutschmann, von F.1954 Eine Wurzelfäule an Erdbeeren, hervorgerufen durch Phytophthora cactorum (Leb. et Cohn) Schroet., Nachrichtenblatt des Deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienst 6 7-9 Eikemo, H., Stensvand, A. and Tronsmo, A.M.2000 Evaluation of methods of screening strawberry cultivars for resistance to crown rot caused by Phytophthora cactorumannals of applied biology137237-244 - 17 -
Phytophthora cactorum 2006 6112 158-160 Grove,G.G., Madden,L.V., and Ellis, M.A.1985 Influence of temperature and wetness duration on sporulation of Phytophthora cactorum on infected strawberry fruitpytopathology75 700-703 2006,2- /127-132 1990 Phytophthora cactorum 56147 2008 4116-20 2007Phytophthora nicotianae 73112-113 1971 20-22 2010 Phytophthora cactorum 3 4538 Madden,L.V., Ellis,M.A., Grove,G.G., Reynolds, K.M. and Wilson, L.L.1991Epidemiology and control of leather rot of strawberriesplant disease75439-446 Martin,F.N., Tooley,P.W.and Blomquist, C.2004Molecular detection of Phytophthora ramorum, the causal agent of sudden oak death in California, and two additional species commonly recovered from diseased plant materialphytopathology94 621-631 1981 35 425-432 1979 45528 1980 46179-184 2008 62485-489 2007Phytophthora cactorum 5864-68 2006 57 60-61 2007 19992004 7376 1993 Phytophthora cactorum 44 68-70 Rose,D.H. 1924 Leather rot of strawberries Journal of agricultural research28357-376 Rose,D.H.1926 Relation of strawberry fruit rots to weather conditions in the fieldphytopathology16229-232 Santos, B. de los, Porras, M., Blanco, C., Barrau, C. and Romero, F. 2002 First report of Phytophthora cactorum on strawberry plants in SpainPlant disease861051 Seemüller, E.1984Crown rot (vascular collapse), Maas, J.L.(ed), Compendium of strawberry diseases, APS PRESSSt. Paul 83-85 2006 Phytophthora sp. 72207 1980 4664 Suzui, T., Makino, T. and Ogoshi, A.1980 Phytophthora rot of strawberry caused by Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica in Shizuoka Annals of the phytopathological society of Japan 46 169-178 1960 2 2556 1989 2 1-6 2008 62 161-163 Waterhouse,G.M.1963 Key to the species of Phytophthora de BaryMycological papers921-22 Waterhouse,G.M. and Waterston,J.M.1966PHYTOPHORA CACTORUMC.M.I. Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria No.111 White,T.J., Bruns,T., Lee,S., and Taylor, J.1990 Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics PCR Protocols:a guide to methods and applications Innis,M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky,J.J.and White,T.J. ed. Academic PressSan Diego315-322 Wright,W.R., Beraha,L. and Smith,M.A.1966 Leather rot on California strawberriesplant disease reporter50283-287 - 18 -
4 2012 Abstruct In June 2011a disease characterized by cavernous black spots was observed on strawberry petioles and stolons in a open field in Ehime PrefectureJapan. The symptom was very similar to the typical symptom of strawberry anthracnose caused by Glomerella cingulata According to microscopic observationzoosporange and aseptate mycelia showing the typical characteristics of Phytophthora rot formed on the lesionsthe causal agent was identified as Phytophthora cactorum on the basis of the morphological characters of the zoosporange and sexorgans on culture media, compared with the previous reports. The morphological identification was supported by diagnostic PCR using primers specific to Phytophthora spp. or the DNA sequence of the rdna ITS1 and ITS2 regions of isolates had more than 99.6% homology to P. cactorum. The pathogen was inoculated onto 3 cultivars Amaotome, Sagahonokaand Sachinokaas potted plant. Four days after inoculation, using the zoospore suspension, the characteristic symptoms were reproduced on the petiolesonly cultivar Amaotome has maintained the same symptom 30 days after inoculation. On the other hand, inoculation of the oospore suspension, only cultivar Sagahonokashowed the symptom of wilt - 19 -
Phytophthora cactorum 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1P.cactorum 2A-110m 3A-1 4A-1 10m 5A-14 6A-14 25 7A-115-20 -