Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Alcohol abusers Allergy(ies) Anesthesia/anesthetics, 497 519. See also Office-based anesthesia (OBA) for sperm retrieval for infertility, 570 571 prior history of in TRUS guided PB, 460 461 in ureteroscopy in management of kidney stones, 491 for vasectomy, 560 Antibiotics in management of kidney stones, 482 in management of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer, 476 Asthma preoperative evaluation for, 504 505 B Behavioral therapy, 613 635 for LUTS, 613 635 assessment before, 614 617 BT, 623 drug therapy with, 632 introduction, 613 614 lifestyle modifications, 618 623 PFMT, 613 614, 623 627 pre- and postprostatectomy, 627 632 stimulation, 632 urgency reduction strategies, 623 Benign prostatic hyperplasia therapy for, 594 595 Biofeedback coding for, 610 Biomarker(s) voided Urol Clin N Am 40 (2013) 649 656 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0094-0143(13)00106-7 0094-0143/13/$ see front matter Ó 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer surveillance, 475 476 Bladder overactive. See Overactive bladder (OAB) Bladder cancer low-grade management of costs in, 474 noninvasive incidence of, 473 474 natural history of, 473 474 nonmuscle invasive management of, 473 479 antibiotics in, 476 drug resistance in, 476 effectiveness of, 474 475 follow-up care in, 475 imaging for surveillance in, 476 lifestyle modification in, 476 narrow-band imaging in, 476 477 patient selection for, 474 tolerability of, 474 475 tumor surveillance in, 475 voided biomarkers for surveillance in, 475 476 watchful waiting of identified bladder tumors in, 475 prevalence of, 473 Bladder catheterization, irrigation, and instillation procedures coding for, 606 607 Bladder emptying function invasive assessment of in urodynamic testing, 550 551 Bladder storage function assessment of in urodynamic testing, 547 549 Bladder training (BT) for LUTS, 623 Bladder ultrasonography, 639 Blood glucose Bone-targeting therapy, 596 597 Botulinum toxin intradetrusor injection of for incontinence, 595 urologic.theclinics.com
650 Index Bowel function regulation of in LUTS management, 621 622 BT. See Bladder training (BT) C Cancer(s) bladder. See Bladder cancer sperm retrieval for infertility in patients with, 575 prostate. See Prostate cancer (PCa) Cardiovascular disease 507 Carnitine Chest radiography Children preoperative evaluation for, 504 Chronic kidney disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) LUTS related to behavioral therapy for, 622 preoperative evaluation for, 504 505 Coding for office procedures, 599 611 biofeedback, 610 bladder catheterization, irrigation, and instillation procedures, 606 607 cystoscopy procedures, 604 605 definition of procedure, 600 described, 600 602 documentation, 600 evaluation and management services, 602 603 general principles, 600 604 global period, 601 incident to services, 602 injection procedures, 608 609 introduction, 599 600 laboratory and radiology services, 603 modifiers, 601 602 multiple procedures, 601 PFE, 610 post void residual procedures, 604 purpose of, 599 600 resources and reference materials, 603 604 supplies, 601 TRUS guided PB, 605 TUMT and TUNA of prostate, 609 610 urinalysis procedures, 604 urodynamics procedures, 607 608 vasectomy procedures, 605 606 Colchicine Collagenase for Peyronie s disease, 534 Color Doppler ultrasonography in TRUS guided PB, 465 466 Complete blood count COPD. See Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Cystoscopy coding for, 604 605 in management of kidney stones, 482 485. See also Kidney stones, management of, cystoscopy and stent insertion ion D Diabetes mellitus Dietary bladder irritants LUTS related to behavioral therapy related to, 621 Drug addicts Drug resistance in management of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer, 476 Drug therapy behavioral therapy with for LUTS, 632 E ECG. See Electrocardiography (ECG) ED. See Erectile dysfunction (ED) Elastography in TRUS guided PB, 466 467 Elderly preoperative evaluation for, 503 504 Electro-shockwave therapy (ESWT) for Peyronie s disease, 535 Electrocardiography (ECG) chest, 508 Electrolyte(s) Erectile dysfunction (ED) background of, 521 522 comorbidities associated with, 522 described, 521 endocrine-related, 523 incidence of, 521 522, 592 593
Index 651 neurologic, 523 management of, 521 536 advanced (specialized) evaluation in, 526 clinical assessment in, 524 525 first office visit, 524 hormone replacement therapy in, 528 529 intracavernosal injection of vasoactive agents in, 530 introduction, 521 laboratory evaluation in, 525 526 MUSE in, 530 531 neurologic evaluation in, 527 528 patient history in, 524 525 PDDU in, 526 527 PDE5I agents in, 529 penile rehabilitation in, 531 physical examination in, 525 psychological evaluation in, 528 third-line treatment options in, 531 vascular assessment in, 526 VEDs in, 529 530 organic, 522 523 prevalence of, 521 522, 592 593 psychogenic, 522 risk factors for, 522 vascular-related, 523 524 ESWT. See Electro-shockwave therapy (ESWT) management of, 521 536 Incontinence injectable therapies for, 595 596 stress urinary injectable therapies for, 595 596 Infertility sperm retrieval for, 569 579. See also Sperm retrieval,, for infertility Infusion therapy, 591 598 for advanced prostate cancer, 593 594 for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 594 595 bone-targeting therapy, 596 597 for incontinence, 595 596 introduction, 591 for urologist, 591 598. See also Infusion therapy, Injection procedures coding for, 608 609 Interferon (IFN) for Peyronie s disease, 535 Intralesional therapy for Peyronie s disease, 534 536. See also Peyronie s disease, management of, intralesional therapy in Iontophoresis for Peyronie s disease, 535 536 G Gastrointestinal disease General anesthesia, 510 with laryngeal mask airway vs. general anesthesia with endotracheal tube, 510 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists for advanced PCa, 593 594 Grayscale TRUS, 461 H Hormonal therapy sperm retrieval for infertility and, 575 576 Hormone replacement therapy in ED management, 528 529 for urologist, 592 I IFN. See Interferon (IFN) Implantable(s) for urologist, 591 598 Impotence. See also Erectile dysfunction (ED) described, 521 K Kidney disease chronic Kidney stones management of, 481 495 antibiotics in, 482 cystoscopy and stent insertion in, 482 485 analgesia for, 483 introduction, 482 483 in males vs. females, 483 procedure, 484 485 stent size and diameter, 483 symptomatology following, 485 general considerations in, 481 482 second-look PCNL in, 487 490. See also Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), second-look, in management of kidney stones SWL in, 485 487. See also Shock-wave lithotripsy (SWL), in management of kidney stones ureteroscopy in, 490 492. See also Ureteroscopy, in management of kidney stones
652 Index Klinefelter syndrome sperm retrieval for infertility in patients with, 575 L Lifestyle modification in management of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer, 476 Lifestyle modifications for LUTS, 618 623 altering fluid intake and managing volume, 618 621 COPD-related, 622 influence of dietary bladder irritants, 621 obesity-related, 622 623 regulating bowel function, 621 622 smoking cessation, 622 Liver disease Liver function tests Local anesthesia, 509 Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) behavioral therapy for assessment before, 614 617 lifestyle modifications, 618 623 PFMT, 613 614 Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists for advanced PCa, 593 LUTS. See Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) M Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in TRUS guided PB, 466 Medical urethral system for erection (MUSE) in ED management, 530 531 Medications OBA and preoperative evaluation related to, 507 MESA. See Microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA) Microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA) for infertility, 572 Monitored anesthesia care, 509 510 MRI. See Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) MUSE. See Medical urethral system for erection (MUSE) N Narrow-band imaging in management of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer, 476 477 Nausea and vomiting after OBA, 510 512 Neurogenic voiding dysfunction neuromodulation for, 583 Neurologic diseases Neuromodulation electrical and mechanical, 581 589 for OAB, 581 589 cost considerations in, 587 efficacy of, 586 587 historical perspective on, 582 indications for, 582 583 introduction, 581 mechanism of action of, 582 outcomes of, 586 587 percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation for, 585 586 sacral neuromodulation test procedure for, 583 585 Noninvasive emptying assessment in urodynamic testing, 546 547 O OAB. See Overactive bladder (OAB) OBA. See Office-based anesthesia (OBA) Obese patients preoperative evaluation for, 504 Obesity LUTS related to behavioral therapy for, 622 623 Office-based anesthesia (OBA), 497 519 discharge criteria and fast-tracking after, 514 516 equipment for, 499 facility considerations and accreditation, 498 499 introduction, 497 498 monitoring of, 499 nausea and vomiting after, 510 512 patient safety with, 499 501 patient selection for, 501 502 PONV following prophylaxis, 510 512 postoperative pain management, 512 514 preoperative evaluation for, 502 507 in alcoholics, 507 in allergic patients, 507 in asthmatics, 504 505 in cardiovascular disease patients, 505 507 in children, 504 in chronic kidney disease patients, 505 in COPD patients, 504 505 in diabetics, 505 in drug abusers, 507
Index 653 in the elderly, 503 504 in gastrointestinal disease patients, 507 introduction, 502 503 in liver disease patients, 505 medications-related, 507 in neurologic disease patients, 505 in obese patients, 504 in patients with prior anesthetic history, 507 preoperative laboratory testing for, 507 508 procedure suitability, 499 types of, 508 511 general anesthesia, 510 local anesthesia, 509 monitored anesthesia care, 509 510 regional anesthesia, 510 511 sedation, 509 Office-based behavioral therapy, 613 635. See also Behavioral therapy, Office-based infusion therapy for urologist, 591 598. See also Infusion therapy, Office-based management of kidney stones, 481 495. See also Kidney stones, management of of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer, 473 479. See also Bladder cancer, nonmuscle invasive, management of Office-based neuromodulation, 581 589. See also Neuromodulation, Office-based sperm retrieval for infertility, 569 579. See also Sperm retrieval,, for infertility Office-based ultrasonography, 637 647. See also Ultrasonography, Office procedures coding for, 599 611. See also Coding, for office procedures Overactive bladder (OAB) neuromodulation for, 581 589. See also Neuromodulation,, for OAB P Painful bladder syndrome neuromodulation for, 583 PB. See Prostate biopsy (PB) PCa. See Prostate cancer (PCa) PCNL. See Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) PDDU. See Penile duplex Doppler ultrasonography (PDDU) Pelvic floor exercises (PFE) coding for, 610 Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) for LUTS, 613 614, 623 627 pre- and postprostatectomy, 627 632 Penile Doppler ultrasonography, 641 642 Penile duplex Doppler ultrasonography (PDDU) in ED evaluation, 526 527 Penile rehabilitation in ED management, 531 Penile traction devices for Peyronie s disease, 536 Pentoxifylline (PTX) Percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA) for infertility, 572 Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) second-look in management of kidney stones, 487 490 drainage after, 488 intra-/postoperative imaging in, 488 489 introduction, 487 488 preprocedure preparation for, 489 490 residual fragments after natural history of, 488 timing in, 489 Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation for OAB, 585 586 PESA. See Percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA) Peyronie s disease background of, 531 532 cause of, 531 532 epidemiology of, 532 evaluation of, 532 management of, 531 536 carnitine in, 533 colchicine in, 533 intralesional therapy in, 534 536 collagenase, 534 ESWT, 535 IFN, 535 iontophoresis, 535 536 penile traction devices, 536 steroids, 534 verapamil, 534 535 introduction, 531 medical therapy in, 532 533 potassium aminobenzoate in, 533 PTX in, 533 tamoxifen in, 533 topical therapy in, 533 534 verapamil in, 533 534 vitamin E in, 533 PFE. See Pelvic floor exercises (PFE) PFMT. See Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors in ED management, 529 PONV. See Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV)
654 Index Post void residual procedures coding for, 604 Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in OBA prophylaxis of, 510 512 Potassium aminobenzoate Pregnancy testing Prostate TUMT of coding for, 609 610 TUNA of coding for, 609 610 Prostate biopsy (PB) technique for. See Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided prostate biopsy transrectal, 457 472. See also Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided prostate biopsy Prostate cancer (PCa) advanced therapy for, 593 594 prevalence of, 457 Prostate ultrasonography, 642 645 Prothrombin time/activated partial thromboplastin time/international normalized ratio Provenge for advanced PCa, 594 Psychological disorders neuromodulation for, 583 PTX. See Pentoxifylline (PTX) Q Quality assurance in TRUS guided PB, 463 R Radiography chest Regional anesthesia, 510 511 Renal function testing Renal ultrasonography, 637 639 S Sacral neuromodulation test procedure for OAB, 583 585 Scrotal ultrasonography, 639 641 Second-look PCNL. See Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), second-look Sedation, 509 Shock-wave lithotripsy (SWL) in management of kidney stones, 485 487 anesthetic considerations in, 485 486 complications of, 486 energy level and, 487 imaging in, 486 settings for, 487 shock-wave rates in, 487 Smoking LUTS related to behavioral therapy for, 622 Sperm retrieval for infertility, 569 579 anesthesia for, 570 571 in cancer patients, 575 complications of, 576 577 histopathology in, 575 hormonal therapy and, 575 576 indications for, 570 introduction, 569 570 in Klinefelter syndrome patients, 575 MESA in, 572 PESA in, 572 predictive models for, 576 preprocedural preparation, 571 procedures, 571 573 success after, 573 576 TESA in, 572 573 testicular sperm extraction in, 573 varicocele and, 576 vasal sperm aspiration in, 571 Y microdeletions and, 575 Stent insertion in management of kidney stones, 482 485. See also Kidney stones, management of, cystoscopy and stent insertion ion Steroid(s) for Peyronie s disease, 534 Stimulation for LUTS, 632 Stress urinary incontinence injectable therapies for, 595 596 T Tamoxifen TESA. See Testicular sperm aspiration (TESA) Testicular sperm aspiration (TESA) for infertility, 572 573
Index 655 Testicular sperm extraction for infertility, 573 Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided prostate biopsy, 457 472 anesthesia for, 460 461 antibiotic prophylaxis in, 459 biopsy cores in number and site of, 462 463 coding for, 605 complications of, 467 Grayscale examination in, 461 image-guided enhancement for color Doppler ultrasonography, 465 466 elastography, 466 467 MRI, 466 image-guided enhancements for, 465 467 indications for, 457 458 introduction, 457 patient positioning for, 460 461 patient preparation for, 458 459 quality assurance in, 463 repeat after initial negative biopsy, 463 464 after suspicious or positive initial biopsy, 464 465 technique, 461 462 ultrasound probe configuration in, 459 460 Transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT) for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 594 of prostate coding for, 609 610 Transurethral needle ablation (TUNA) of prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 594 595 coding for, 609 610 TRUS guided prostate biopsy. See Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided prostate biopsy TUMT. See Transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT) TUNA. See Transurethral needle ablation (TUNA) U Ultrasonography color Doppler in TRUS guided PB, 465 466, 637 647 bladder, 639 introduction, 637 penile Doppler, 641 642 prostate, 642 645 renal, 637 639 scrotal, 639 641 penile duplex Doppler in ED evaluation, 526 527 transrectal in PB, 457 472. See also Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided prostate biopsy Ureteroscopy in management of kidney stones, 490 492 anesthetic considerations in, 491 diagnostic procedures in, 490 indications for, 491 introduction, 490 patient selection for, 491 technical considerations in, 491 492 technique, 491 Urethral function assessment of in urodynamic testing, 549 550 Urgency reduction strategies for LUTS, 623 Urinalysis procedures coding for, 604 Urodynamic testing, 545 557 bladder emptying function assessment in invasive, 550 551 bladder storage function assessment in, 547 549 coding for, 607 608 in context, 545 546 introduction, 545 noninvasive emptying assessment in, 546 547 overview of, 546 551 pitfalls in, 551 556 trouble shooting in, 551 556 urethral function assessment in, 549 550 Uroflowmetry in urodynamic testing, 546 547 V Vacuum erection devices (VEDs) in ED management, 529 530 Varicocele(s) sperm retrieval for infertility and, 576 Vasal sperm aspiration for infertility, 571 Vasectomy, 559 568 anesthetic technique for, 560 coding for, 605 606 complications of, 564 565 introduction, 559 560 postoperative care, 565 566 preoperative evaluation for, 560 vas division in, 562 563 vas isolation in, 560 562 vas occlusion in, 563 564
656 Index Vasoactive agents in ED management intracavernosal injection of, 530 VEDs. See Vacuum erection devices (VEDs) Verapamil 535 Vitamin E X Xofigo for advanced PCa, 594 Y Y microdeletions sperm retrieval for infertility and, 575