Proposal for Release of Hard Red Winter Wheat Candidate Cultivar OK00514 Submitted by OSU s Wheat Improvement Team Brett Carver, Bob Hunger, Art Klatt, Jeff Edwards, Patricia Rayas-Duarte, Bjorn Martin, David Porter, Jeanmarie Verchot-Lubicz
Acknowledgments The OSU Wheat Improvement Team gratefully acknowledges the generous and continual support of the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma Wheat Commission, and the Oklahoma Wheat Research Foundation. The development and release of this cultivar embraces the mission of OSU s Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources to stimulate progress in Oklahoma s wheat industry. The WIT also acknowledges the following individuals who supported the development and characterization of OK00514: Wayne Whitmore Kelly Stricklen Connie Shelton Wayne Wood Craig Siegerist Ella Vogle Cheryl Baker Richard Austin Melisa Rice Doc Jones Felix Marza Rick Kochenower Debbie Porter Vickie Brake Floyd Dowell Tommy Tucker Craig Chestnut Lawrence Bohl Bobby Weidenmaier Ray Sidwell Rocky Thacker Erich Wehrenberg Chad Webb Roger Gribble Brad Seabourn Mary Sorenson 1
Experimental Designation OK00514, Hard Red Winter Wheat, Triticum aestivum L. (Exhibit 1). Origination and Breeding Procedure The original hybridization was performed by Dr. David Worrall, formerly with Texas A&M University and the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station at Vernon. He crossed an experimental line identified by its pedigree as KS82W418/Stephens (eventually named Jagger) with KS93U206, which was subsequently released by the Kansas Wheat Genetics Resources Center as KS96WGRC39. We recommend the pedigree of OK00514 be given as Jagger/KS96WGRC39. The pedigree of KS96WGRC39 is TAM 107*3/TA2460. This germplasm epitomized a large interspecific breeding effort to introgress novel disease resistance genes from Triticum tauschii accessions (TA) into bread wheat. TA2460 provided resistance to leaf rust and tan spot. The leaf rust resistance gene in TA2460 was originally named Lr41 but has since been renamed Lr39. Using near-isogenic lines in the genetic background of Century, we have shown in Oklahoma that Lr39 can increase yield by 63% and test weight by 5% in the presence of moderate leaf rust infection (Martin et al., 2003. Crop Sci. 43:1712-1717). However, races of the pathogen were identified in 2003 in Texas which can overcome Lr39. Dr. Worrall also produced the F 1, F 2, and F 3 generations. In the spring of 1997, Dr. Brett Carver selected 100 single heads from a F 3 bulk population named 97V8054, and from 17 other F 3 bulk populations, produced at the Texas A&M Research and Extension Center located near Chillocothe, TX. These 18 populations were selected solely on the basis of yield potential, desirable height, lodging resistance, and maturity at the time the heads were collected. They were chosen from a larger set of breeding populations graciously made available by Dr. Worrall. The head-row progeny of 97V8054 were evaluated at Stillwater, OK in 1998. OK00514 traces to a single F 3:4 head-row identified as 981151015-8. The head-row materials of 1998 were maintained separately between those developed in the Wheat Genetics project versus those in the Wheat Breeding project directed by Dr. Ed Smith. The former set was planted extremely early (approx. 28 Aug. 1997) and the forage was not removed. This scenario, combined with a significant spring freeze on 12-13 March 1998, forced intense selection pressure for later first-hollow-stem stage, because genotypes with precocious dormancy release or poor dormancy retention suffered severe spike damage, poor stem extension, and substantial lodging. These were the conditions and agronomic parameters for which plot 981151015-8 was selected. Other traits included uniformity of phenotype at harvest maturity, spike density, spike size, and plump kernels. Personal notes collected in 1998 indicated the 18 bulk populations selected at Chillocothe produced head-row progeny that were much too late, or had undesirable head size or kernel characteristics, under the conditions we evaluated them. The headrow progeny from population 97V8054, however, were exceptional, and this population produced the greatest number of progeny that were harvested (22 of 88 lines), from which 12 were advanced for further evaluation in 1999. Four of these produced white 2
kernels, so this population obviously segregated for kernel color. Kernels from head row 981151015-8 were not classified as white. In 1999, the F 3:4 head-row progeny of 981151015-8 were evaluated in the Dual- Purpose Observation Nursery (DPON) using an augmented experimental design at Stillwater and Lahoma. This nursery was managed as a forage-plus-grain system at Stillwater (planted 15 Sept. 1998, clipped continuously from 17 Nov. 1998 to 1 March 1999) and a grain-only system at Lahoma (planted 30 Sept. 1998). In an effort to select against precocious dormancy release, forage was last removed at Stillwater about one week after Jagger reached FHS stage. OK00514 traced to plot 991161052 at Stillwater, where it showed vegetative biomass ratings similar to or superior to Jagger through December, and a semi-erect growth habit similar to Jagger. It was noted for an intermediate heading date (3 d later than Jagger) and a test wt. of 60.3 lb/bu, or 1 lb higher than Jagger and 2174. Wheat protein was about 0.5 percentage units lower than 2174, and kernel hardness index well exceeded 2174 by about 10 units. From 2000 through 2004, OK00514 was evaluated in the following replicated yield trials, representing 41 site-years in Oklahoma: Replicated Yield Trials 1 (RYT1, Western OK) 2000 Replicated Yield Trials 2 (RYT2, Central OK) 2001 Oklahoma Elite Nursery 1 (OET1) 2002 Oklahoma Elite Nursery 2 (OET2), 2 yr 2003, 2004 Southern Regional Performance Nursery (SRPN) 2004 Oklahoma Wheat Variety Trials (WVT) 2004 OK00514 and the HW variety, Guymon, trace to the same head-row nursery in 1998 and therefore followed a similar path of evaluation. Further testing was provided in the USDA-ARS Regional Germplasm Observation Nursery (RGON, entry 141) during 2002-2003. The SRPN included an additional 21 sites outside of Oklahoma. End-use quality was externally examined by the USDA-ARS Hard Winter Wheat Quality Laboratory in Manhattan, KS and by ConAgra, Inc. in Omaha, NE in 2004. OK00514 was entered in the 2004 Hard Winter Wheat Milling and Baking Evaluation Program sponsored by the Wheat Quality Council. Breeder-seed multiplication and off-type removal occurred sequentially from 2002 through 2004. After discovering OK00514 to have approx. 5% white kernels based on the NaOH-bleach test, breeder seed from the 2002 harvest were passed through a high-speed, electronic, single-kernel sorter to remove genetically and phenotypically white kernels (service provided by Floyd Dowell, Engineering Research Unit, USDA-ARS-GMPRC). The final proportion of red kernels based on the NaOHbleach test was 98%. This source of breeder seed was used to plant a small increase in 2003 at Stillwater that was intensively rogued for consistent plant height and chaff color, followed by a much larger increase in 2004 at Goodwell. The final increase produced sufficient breeder seed to plant 32 acres for foundation seed production near McCloud, OK in the fall of 2004. We suggest re-sorting the foundation seed produced in 2005 to achieve more consistent kernel color, which currently is <2% white. As of the 2005 crop year, OK00514 is an F -derived line in the F generation. Description and Performance 3 11 3
Agronomic and quality assessment in this proposal is based on results from three types of field nurseries: i) local breeder trials across Oklahoma (primary source of data), ii) the Oklahoma Wheat Variety Trials (2004 only), and iii) regional performance nurseries conducted throughout the Great Plains. Cultivar comparisons were primarily directed at Jagger and 2174, two HRW cultivars which OK00514 is expected to replace. More recent OAES releases (Ok101, Ok102, Endurance, and Deliver) were included for comparison with more contemporary genetics. The nursery mean reported in each table reflects the mean performance of all checks and breeder lines selected and advanced for further testing from a given nursery, and not only the entries listed in the table. Grain yield performance Across 37 site-years in statewide breeder trials and variety trials, OK00514 averaged 56 bu/ac (Table 1). This amounted to a 4 to 5 bu/ac advantage over Jagger, 2174, Ok101, and Ok102, and a 1 to 3 bu/ac advantage over Endurance and Deliver. With very limited comparisons in 2004 alone, OK00514 yielded similarly to Jagalene and Overley (± < 1 bu/ac, not reported). Its performance in the panhandle was more erratic there than elsewhere, and it tended to perform below-average at the Sweetwater location where the nurseries were grazed. We have observed symptoms of Fe chlorosis on OK00514 at Sweetwater where calcareous soils are prevalent. This phenomenon has been reported elsewhere; grazing appears to exacerbate Fe chlorosis in susceptible genotypes according to their inability to release Fe-chelating compounds called phytosiderophores (Hansen et al., Agron. J. 1995. 87:1060-1063). Biplot displays for the 2003 and 2004 OET2 indicate OK00514 performed best in environment clusters usually containing sites in northcentral Oklahoma (Exhibit 2). What was even more apparent from the displays were the disparate yield responses of Ok101 and OK00514. These genotypes plotted to environment sectors in opposite positions in the biplot. Backed by the OSU Wheat Variety Trials, we have observed Ok101 to be much more competitive in the western one-third of the state, including the panhandle. OK00514, on the other hand, might best be positioned in downstate Oklahoma, though in some years OK00514 performed very well in dryland and irrigated trials at Goodwell. Though OK00514 certainly carries a yield record that places it at the top of its class, that ranking may not be equally expressed where the wheat is managed for grazing plus grain versus for the sole purpose of grain. We have three years of direct yield comparisons between dual-purpose (DP) and grain-only (GO) systems at the Expanded Wheat Pasture Center near Marshall, OK. Long-term trends indicate most varieties suffer a 10 to 30% yield loss (mean of 20%) between GO and DP systems at the Center, although in some years (or about 1 in 5) no yield loss may occur, as in harvest years 1999 and 2003. Though our sampling period included two years out of three where the yield decline was light, OK00514 showed a mean yield decline from GO to DP of 15% (Table 2). This exceeded the mean for the entire nursery by 8%. Nevertheless, the mean DP yield of OK00514 at the Center was a respectable 52 bu/ac. The yield potential of OK00514 will not likely be fully expressed in the DP system; rarely is it for any cultivar, but producers should be forewarned. In the 4
environments where paired comparisons are possible, OK00514 suffers a smaller yield decline than Jagger (19% vs. 38%) but a larger decline than 2174 (19% vs. 7%). With some speculation, we can offer three reasons for the yield decline observed in OK00514: i) early first-hollow-stem stage as will be discussed later, ii) an erect vegetative growth habit that usually leads to poorer recovery immediately following the grazing period, and iii) an apparently lower spring tillering capacity. Test weight Test weight also sets OK00514 apart from most varieties. Since 2000, it has consistently been one of the highest test weight entries in each of the nurseries it was evaluated. Across 32 environments, OK00514 averaged 60.3 lb/bu, or 1.2 lb greater than the overall mean of the nurseries (Table 3). It is 1.4 lb/bu superior to Jagger and about 1 lb/bu superior to 2174 and Deliver, which are considered high-test weight varieties. One of our greatest hurdles to producing a candidate variety with Jagger parentage has been the recovery of acceptable test weight. Quite regularly, we could achieve desirable kernel size but poor morphological characters (large crease width and shriveling) would repeatedly nullify the benefit of large kernel size. This line represents an distinct exception to that trend. Dual-purpose pasture profile Desirable pasture attributes of a dual-purpose cultivar include rapid stand establishment, adequate forage accumulation preceding grazing, continuous vegetative regeneration throughout the grazing season, tiller survival and canopy regeneration following grazing, and calendar-appropriate FHS stage. These components comprise the primary selection targets of the OSU GRAZEnGRAIN breeding system. From data collected primarily at Stillwater and the Marshall Wheat Pasture Research Unit, OK00514 has shown no high-temperature sensitivity in the field during the past three crop seasons (2003-2005). Moreover, OK00514 has been one of the first experimentals among OSU advanced lines to emerge. Other varieties with similar patterns of germination and emergence are Jagger and Intrada. These field observations were corroborated by growth-chamber assessments of seed harvested from the 2004 Wheat Variety Trials (data not shown). Ratings for early vigor and pre-turnout forage accumulation have been consistently good. Using a 1-to-5 scale of excellent to poor, the mean of 12 ratings across 9 environments from 2002 to 2005 was 2.1. Any single rating varied from 1.0 to 3.0. From the same environmental sample, mean ratings for Ok101 and Ok102 were 2.0 and 3.5. Hence, to the casual observer, OK00514 might appear to be a good grazing wheat, but subsequent observations during the grazing season shed caution on that label. OK00514 has an erect to semi-erect vegetative growth habit (similar to Jagger and 2174 but more erect than Ok101), that with continuous forage removal, has less capacity for regrowth. This was observed at Stillwater in nurseries planted alongside the DPON in 2004, but less so in 2005. Varieties that may show a more erect posture would be Overley and Jagalene. OK00514 also shows relatively early arrival to first-hollow-stem stage (Table 4), surpassing only the extremely early varieties such as Fannin and Cutter but equivalent to or slightly later than Jagger and Intrada. 5
Other agronomic attributes OK00514 has a moderately early to intermediate heading date that ranks between Jagger (2.7 d earlier) or Ok101 (0.6 d earlier) and Ok101, Endurance, or Deliver (each about 1.5 d later) (Table 5). Hence we would classify OK00514 as a moderately early maturing variety from FHS stage to heading. Even with its earlier heading date, OK00514 maintains a functional and healthy flag leaf longer than most cultivars and substantially longer than Jagger (Table 5). We have never rated OK00514 poorer than 5.5 (highest, or poorest, reading possible = 9.0) across 10 environments from 2001 to 2004, even when the nursery mean has varied from 4.9 to 7.2. The penultimate leaf on OK00514 has, in some environments, been observed to be mostly green when the flag leaf on Jagger was already necrotic. Differences in harvest maturity between Jagger and OK00514 are negligible, with OK00514 leaning towards later maturity. Though OK00514 is considered a semidwarf wheat and postulated to contain the Rht1 gene (G. Bai, 2005), its plant stature in the field exceeds all check varieties compared in Table 6 by 3 cm (Endurance) to 13 cm (Ok102). It is about 8 cm taller than Jagger, Ok101, and Ok102, which are considered moderately tall. As a tall semidwarf, it shows no disadvantage in lodging resistance, as it rated more favorably (2 on a scale of 1 to 5) than Jagger (rating of about 3.5), slightly better than Ok101 (rating of 2.5), but not as resistant as 2174 (rating of about 1). These lodging readings were recorded only in environments where significant lodging occurred. OK00514 is expected to have moderately good standability under conditions conducive to lodging. Reactions to aluminum (Al) toxicity under low-ph field conditions were collected each year since 2001, with exception of 2002. OK00514 has Al tolerance similar to Ok101 and Jagger, with all having tolerance ratings of 2 on a 1-to-5 scale. Levels of tolerance greater than Ok101 or Jagger are rarely observed (<5%) in our breeding nurseries, but certainly more common in U.S. soft wheat from southern regions. One final agronomic attribute that demands attention is the pre-harvest sprouting tolerance observed on this line during the rain-delayed harvest of 2004. From a breeder-seed increase at Goodwell, OK, harvested in two stages after several rainfall events, we observed no sprout-damaged kernels from either harvest delayed by approx. 2 and 4 weeks. Sprout damage was observed on other hard red wheats, such as Ok101. Falling number tests for starch degradation confirmed the lack of sprout damage in these samples. Falling numbers of samples collected at two and four weeks post-harvest maturity were 537 and 533, respectively. Guymon hard white wheat at 2 wk post-harvest maturity measured 77. What makes this crucially significant is that OK00514 shows no apparent dormancy retention during germination. Hence it maintains unusually high grain dormancy to prevent starch damage of harvested grain, yet this dormancy is not expressed, even at high temperatures (95F), in seed harvested and planted within 2 months. Interestingly, a sister line of OK00514 named OK00611W is a hard white variety that also expresses unusually high pre-harvest sprouting tolerance. Disease and insect reactions OK00514 carries an attractive foliar disease resistance package (Exhibit 3), 6
though it is not void of inconsistencies. Its history of reaction to leaf rust, does prompt some cause for concern, as races were discovered in 2004 in south Texas, and in central Kansas, that can overcome the resistance in OK00514. Adult-plant reactions observed in Oklahoma breeder nurseries in 2004, however, uniformly indicated OK00514 is resistant, with a rating of 1 to 2 on a 1-to-4 scale. These reactions were observed at Stillwater, Lahoma, Kingfisher, Ft. Cobb, and Altus. Seedling reactions to specific isolates of leaf rust (from Jim Kolmer, USDA-ARS, St. Paul, MN) indicate that OK00514 does not contain one of the Lr genes present in Jagger, Lr17, which is no longer effective in Oklahoma. From its other parent, KS96WGRC39, Lr39 may have once provided resistance, but resistance of that gene has also been defeated based on reactions of cultivars known to carry it, such as Trego and Overley. Reactions to stripe rust and to the WSBMV/WSSMV complex have also been quite variable, depending on the year and location which reactions were recorded (Exhibit 3). Field reactions to stripe rust in Oklahoma in 2004 and 2005 indicated OK00514 has a moderately resistant adult plant reaction to stripe rust. Prevailing reactions to WSBMV/WSSMV also indicated resistance to both diseases, but reactions collected as recent as 2005 preclude such an outright classification. A brief, but tentative, summary follows based primarily on the analysis provided in Exhibit 3. Disease Reaction in Oklahoma as of April 2005 Leaf rust (adult-plant) Intermediate Leaf rust (seedling) Susceptible Stripe rust (adult plant) Moderately resistant, variable outside of Oklahoma Stem rust Moderately resistant (outside of Oklahoma) WSBMV/WSSMV complex Barley yellow dwarf virus Septoria leaf blotch Tan spot Powdery mildew (adult) Fusarium head blight (scab) Intermediate to resistant (variable) Moderately susceptible Moderately resistant Moderately resistant Susceptible Intermediate OK00514 is susceptible to prevalent biotypes of greenbug, Russian wheat aphid, and Hessian fly. Milling quality Large and consistent kernel size is a desirable attribute to the milling industry, both for domestic and international markets. We evaluated kernel size by: i) determining large-kernel fraction as the weight of kernels retained on a No. 7 screen from a 200-g sample sifted with a RoTap machine for two minutes, and ii) kernel weight and kernel diameter measurements generated by the single-kernel characterization system (SKCS). In these comparisons, we included the additional check variety, Deliver, for its uniquely superior kernel size and milling quality. It also provides a baseline for acceptable kernel hardness. Not only does OK00514 consistently produce large kernels, it surpasses most 7
cultivars with very good kernel size performance, such as 2174 and Ok101 (Table 7). Currently, it places among the top 1% of advanced experimental lines in the OSU breeding program for large-kernel fraction, kernel weight, and kernel diameter. Since 2001 across 17 environments (including 2004 with much reduced kernel size), OK00514 averaged 77%, 32.0 mg, and 2.48 mm for these respective parameters, easily exceeding targets of 60%, 29 mg, and 2.20 mg. In direct comparisons with Jagger, its performance was even more impressive. For large-kernel fraction, OK00514 and Jagger averaged 81 and 54%, respectively; for kernel weight, they averaged 32.0 and 26.4 mg; and for kernel diameter they averaged 2.52 and 2.20 mm. In summary, based on all three parameters, OK00514 exceeds Jagger in overall kernel size by about 30%. Only the large-seeded variety Deliver can match OK00514, but even it falls short for kernel diameter. Combined with its high test weight, OK00514 is expected to excel in the mill. Kernel texture of OK00514 is moderately hard and exceeds hard wheat cultivars with softer texture such as Ok101 and Deliver (Table 8). Since 2000, its mean SKCS kernel hardness value measured 72 across 19 environments. In head-to-head comparisons, kernel hardness of OK00514 is 18 units greater (70 vs. 52) than Deliver, but equal to 2174 (75 vs. 74) and to Jagger (74 vs. 76). While kernel size and texture are used by the milling industry to judge potential milling performance, the ultimate gauge of milling quality is actual flour yield. We use a laboratory-scale mill to estimate flour yield, or milling extraction, but this test only serves as a relational tool. The results should not be considered equivalent to what would be obtained in a commercial mill, which will produce values several percentage points higher. Compared with other lines tested, OK00514 produced above-average flour yields since 2000 (Table 8). Significant differences were generally not detectable with check varieties, even with Ok101 which historically ranks high for flour yield and overall milling quality. Another high flour-yield variety, Deliver, may perform at a higher extraction. Based on a larger experimental mill (Buhler) used by ConAgra, OK00514 proved satisfactory for milling extraction (72.3%) and flour ash content (0.48%) (Exhibit 4). Values for Ok102 were slightly inferior at 71.3% and 0.52% while those for Endurance were slightly superior (72.5% and 0.45%). Straight-grade milling extraction of 70% at 0.45% flour ash are considered desired targets for good product color and shelf life. Protein content The high-molecular-weight glutenin-subunit (HMW-GS) profile for OK00514 is 1/17+18/5+10 (same as Jagger). Across 19 environments since 2000, OK00514 has averaged 13.7% wheat protein and 11.7% flour protein, well above typical values recorded in our breeding nurseries of 13.0% and 11.2% (Table 9). A statewide wheat protein value of >13% is considered above-average and >13.5% is well above-average. We would classify this variety as a high-protein wheat with protein performance equal to or slightly better than 2174 and Jagger. In head-to-head comparisons, OK00514 and Jagger averaged the same at 13.2% wheat protein, whereas OK00514 and 2174 averaged 13.5 and 13.3%. Compared to the lower-protein variety, Ok101, OK00514 is 1.5 percentage points higher (13.6 vs. 12.1%). Though 2174 tends to show an edge in flour protein, OK00514 reaches wheat protein levels never before attained in this 8
breeding program (including the HW variety released in 2005, Guymon), and at this level of grain yield places a premium on OK00514 that should be capitalized by producers. Baking quality Flour quality and dough strength were judged from five years of mixograph testing, in addition to four years of SDS-sedimentation measurements adjusted for flour protein content. Across 19 environments, mixogram parameters for OK00514 averaged 6.0 min for corrected mixing time, a mixograph rating of 4.3, mixogram curve width of 14.7 mm 2 minutes past peak development, and a stability index of 7.9 (Table 10). When compared head-to-head, Jagger produced indistinguishable values, except possibly for a larger (less desirable) stability index. Mixing time for OK00514 is about ideal, and tolerance to over-mixing is very good as quantified by mixogram curve width. Curve width of the less tolerant check, Ok101, was consistently lower (mean difference of 4 mm for a 28% decrease). Only Ok102, with very high dough strength and mixing tolerance, was similar to OK00514. The relatively low, but acceptable, mixing tolerance rating for OK00514 was most likely linked to its relatively high stability index, which indicates the angle of ascent and descent of the mixogram. Nevertheless, this variety should be classified as having highly desirable mixing characteristics. The lower adjusted sedimentation compared to Ok101 and Ok102 indicates lower loaf volume potential of OK00514, as can be confirmed with actual loaf volume measurements. Dough strength was further examined with the aid of a farinograph, the baking industry s extension of the mixograph. The one drawback we have found using this instrument is its greater sensitivity to environmental variation or to operator error. Hence, the results should be viewed in a relational context, either based on check performance or the nursery mean. OK00514 stands out as having highly desirable farinograph properties, and therefore it exhibits noticeable strength in the mixer (Table 11). Water absorption is exceptional as we might expect for its level of flour protein. It appears to easily surpass Ok101 and Endurance by 4 percentage points and exceed Deliver and Ok102 by smaller margin, or about 1 to 2 percentage points. Overall dough strength can be ranked as follows: OK00514 = Ok102 = Deliver > Ok101 = Endurance. Since 2002, we have placed considerably more emphasis in the OSU breeding program on improved farinograph performance. OK00514 epitomizes the desired level of improvement. Baking quality of OK00514 received similarly high marks in two years of testing in the OSU Wheat Quality Laboratory. Taking the mean across years, OK00514 has a bake absorption of 60.5%, loaf volume of 813 cc, and a total baking score of 56.5, or a percentage-based score of 87 (Table 12). Compared with a lower-protein variety, Endurance produced mean scores of 61.0% absorption, 826 cc loaf volume, and an equivalent total baking score. Compared with a variety at a comparable protein level, Ok102 produced mean scores of 61.5% absorption, 910 cc loaf volume, and a total baking score of 57.0 (88%). Foreshadowed by below-average sedimentation volumes (Table 10), loaf volume is the only baking attribute that slipped below the norm for OK00514. A commercial sponge-and-dough bake test by ConAgra Foods did not pinpoint loaf volume as a weakness (Exhibit 4); to the contrary, OK00514 was graded acceptable for loaf volume and equaled Guymon (OK00618W) which historically 9
produces superior loaf volume. A two-year comprehensive milling, baking, and noodle evaluation was provided by the Hard Winter Wheat Quality Laboratory of the USDA-ARS Grain Marketing Production Research Center (GMPRC-HWWQL) at Manhattan, KS (Table 13). Their results paint a very clear picture of outstanding milling and baking quality of OK00514 over two recently released OSU varieties with divergent flour protein levels, Endurance (lower protein) or Ok102 (higher protein). OK00514 excels in three characteristics that have repeatedly presented challenges in our program: combining larger kernel size with high test weight, producing high wheat protein in a high-yielding background, and achieving high water absorption at any protein level. The only sign of a mere weakness is in its loaf volume, which may cause some bakers to evaluate this variety as having poorer protein performance (e.g., loaf volume that is inconsistent with protein level). This feature is mentioned in the Cooperators Comments section of the 2004 Wheat Quality Council report abstracted in Exhibit 5. Nevertheless, OK00514 received remarks from cooperators that signified, overall, a highly desirable wheat variety for end-use quality, as indicated by its above-average Overall Baking Quality rating in Exhibit 5. In summary, the following quality profile of OK00514 may be extracted from currently available data: high test weight with very large kernel size, good straight-grade flour yield with moderately low ash content, high protein with excellent tolerance to over-mixing and intermediate mixing time, good water absorption, and intermediate loaf volume with excellent crumb grain and color. We can conclude that OK00514 will be a variety in demand for commercial, large-scale baking operations. Summary Justification OK00514 is not just another hard red winter wheat whose only fate is in the bulkand-blend commodity market. Its incomparable mix of high yield potential (highest echelon of current varieties), high test weight, high protein content, and exceptional end-use capability makes OK00514 a complete variety from drill to mill. Endurance has similar yield potential but lacks the test weight and wheat spindle-streak mosaic virus resistance of OK00514; Intrada and Guymon offer similar test weight but not at this kernel size; 2174 can approach the protein content of OK00514 but falls short on protein quality and performance; Ok102 competes on end-use quality, and dough strength in particular, but lacks agronomic muscle in stripe rust resistance and tolerance to acid soils. OK00514 will likely appeal to the grower who has difficulty parting with Jagger. With similar stand establishment, ontogeny, and visual appearance, Jagger and OK00514 may be difficult to tell apart in a late-night line-up. Out of the combine and at the elevator, however, are where these two varieties take on different looks. With OK00514, expect a 4 bu increase in statewide grain yield and a 1 to 2 lb increase in test weight. Differences may even be detectable before the combine enters the field because OK00514 shows improved straw strength and standability over Jagger. Finally, OK00514 fills a gap left slightly open by our recent releases of Endurance and Okfield. These varieties have statewide adaptation ranges, but they lose some of their edge in north central Oklahoma. OK00514 provides a mirror image of Endurance and Okfield by showing its strongest performance in those areas where they are weakest. We should mention that Deliver can fill the same gap, but some 10
producers may hesitate to shift to a beardless wheat just to have this adaptation range and similar disease package. Probable Area of Adaptation and Limitations OK00514 is a central corridor variety, meaning it performs best in downstate areas of Oklahoma. Its range may extend to the panhandle and we do not discourage placement there, but its tendency toward early arrival at FHS may cause it to lose cold hardiness during late winter and early spring when temperatures may oscillate radically. Greater competitiveness is expected in north central Oklahoma where minimum tillage management systems favor development of septoria leaf blotch and tan spot, or in highly acidic and Al-toxic soils (ph<5.0). As compared to susceptible varieties, an intermediate level of resistance in OK00514 to the WSBMV/WSSMV complex also should help in fields where these viruses occur. However, some yield reductions due to the WSBMV/WSSMV complex may occur in years with weather that greatly favor development of these diseases Leaf rust resistance of OK00514 appears to be in a state of flux. We have yet to assign it any reaction other than resistant within Oklahoma; however, for the first time, OK00514 showed a highly susceptible reaction to leaf rust in southern Texas in 2004. Hence, it is susceptible to races that may invade, if they have not already, the state. What is uncertain at this time is how OK00514 will respond to the new race(s) in an Oklahoma environment. As of April 2005, it still has yet to surrender resistance to leaf rust, though other varieties previously characterized as resistant now show a susceptible reaction in the field. This disease reaction will be monitored closely in subsequent months of the 2005 crop. One other possible limitation lies in the 15% yield loss documented for OK00514 between grain-only and dual-purpose systems. While this does not place OK00514 in a highly sensitive category (yield losses exceeding 20%), we certainly do not recommend that it be subjected to intense grazing or heavy stocking rates. Until adequate economic data can be gathered, we must assume profitability gained from this variety will likely peak in a grain-only management system. Other relatively minor limitations include susceptibility to i) powdery mildew, ii) all biotypes of greenbug, and iii) iron deficiency, particularly with grazing. Varietal Replacement Cultivar Jagger Superior attribute of OK00514 justifying replacement 4 bu/ac yield advantage 1-2 lb/bu test weight advantage with 30% larger kernel size/wt. Smaller yield reduction from GO to DP systems Longer green-leaf retention Later arrival to FHS stage Greater lodging resistance 2174 4 bu/ac yield advantage 0.5-1 lb/bu test weight advantage with 10% larger kernel wt. 11
Improved stripe rust resistance Longer green-leaf retention Greater acid-soil tolerance Greater dough strength and baking quality Ok101 Ok102 4-5 bu/ac yield advantage 2 lb/bu test weight advantage with 10% larger kernel size/wt. Longer green-leaf retention Greater lodging resistance Better overall disease package Higher protein content and water absorption Improved baking quality 4-5 bu/ac yield advantage 1 lb/bu test weight advantage with 10% larger kernel size/wt. Greatly improved stripe rust resistance Greater acid-soil tolerance Slightly higher protein content Improved water absorption and crumb grain, and lower ash content Rather than use a strict either/or approach to suggesting variety replacement, one alternative is to suggest variety packages that provide maximum utilization of resources. For example, growers who prefer to produce two or more varieties might consider OK00514 complementary to a variety such as Endurance. Though other recipes can be created, Endurance should be the variety reserved for that portion of acreage seeded earliest and intended for grazing in a dual-purpose system, saving OK00514 for the acreage reserved for grain-only management or grazed acreage that could be seeded later. Their slightly different maturities (earlier for OK00514) would allow timely harvest of each variety. Seed Increase Status OK00514 was placed under foundation seed production by OKFSS Inc. on about 32 acres near McCloud in the fall of 2004. More than 1000 bu foundation seed is anticipated for distribution in the summer of 2005. About 2 bu breeder seed will be regenerated at Stillwater during the 2004-2005 crop year. Pedigreed Classes Recommended classes of seed production are Breeder, Foundation, Registered, and Certified. Proposed Method of Release A non-public release under licensing agreement is recommended, with the possible provision of contracted production, to parties who can maintain genetic purity 12
and assure delivery of variety-specific quality attributes to the grain industry. Application for plant variety protection (Title V) will be filed in 2005-2006. Joint release with USDA-ARS is anticipated. Cooperating Scientists Identification of OK00514 as a candidate cultivar was accomplished through OSU s Wheat Improvement Team, which includes Brett Carver (lead scientist), Bob Hunger, Art Klatt, Dave Porter,Jeanmarie Vercot-Lubicz, Patricia Rayas-Duarte, Bjorn Martin, Jeff Edwards, and former team member Gene Krenzer (retired). Also cooperating in the testing of OK00514 were breeders throughout the Great Plains associated with the Hard Winter Wheat Performance Nursery Program. They represent state Agricultural Experiment Stations, the USDA-ARS, and private companies. Dr. David Worrall is duly recognized for producing the hybrid cross and the early-generation bulk materials from which OK00514 was eventually selected. Special assistance was provided by Brad Seabourn with USDA-ARS-GMPRC-HWWQL at Manhattan, KS, Mary Sorenson with ConAgra Foods, Inc. at Omaha,NE, and Floyd Dowell with the Engineering Research Unit, USDA-ARS-GMPRC at Manhattan, KS. Others cooperating in the release of OK00514 were credited at the beginning of this report. \\514text, 4/20/05 13
Table 1. Per-annum grain yield means recorded in breeder trials and the Oklahoma Wheat Variety Trials, 2000 to 2004 (n Oklahoma sites per year). 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2004 Weighted yield RYT1 RYT2 OET1 OET2 OET2 WVT superiority of Entry (3) (2) (5) (10) (8) (9) OK00514 --------------------------------------------------------------- bu/ac --------------------------------------------------------------- OK00514 51 58 54 64 53 53 Jagger 61 45 50 +4.1 2174 48 56 50 48 +4.1 Ok101 56 51 57 52 47 +4.4 Ok102 56 52 49 +4.6 Endurance 62 53 +1.1 Deliver 63 48 +2.8 Nursery mean 40 51 48 58 51 49 +5.1 LSD (0.05) 7 8 6 4 5 3 fi( ΧOK00514 - ΧC) i, where f i = no. of sites in year i, and Χ OK00514 and Χ C are means for OK00514 and the comparison check fi cultivar, respectively, in year i which both were evaluated. Indicates the yield of OK00514 exceeded the yield of Jagger by 4.1 bu/ac averaged across those years which both were tested. Table 1
Table 2. Percentage yield loss in a dual-purpose (DP) management system relative to the corresponding grain-only (GO) system used in breeder trials and the Oklahoma Wheat Variety Trials, 2002 to 2004 (Marshall, OK). 2002 OET1 2003 OET2 2004 OET2 2004 WVT Entry GO DP % loss GO DP % loss GO DP % loss GO DP % loss -- bu/ac --- % --- bu/ac --- % ----- bu/ac ---- % --- bu/ac --- % OK00514 62 44 28 62 63 +2 64 50 22 56 51 10 Jagger 50 24 52 54 42 24 2174 54 48 10 53 51 3 Ok101 41 49 +20 45 47 +1 49 49 0 44 44 +2 Ok102 55 54 1 56 51 9 53 56 +5 Endurance 58 65 +13 64 45 29 52 50 3 Deliver 65 56 15 49 50 +2 54 50 6 Nursery mean 49 43 12 55 56 +2 54 49 10 52 49 7 LSD (0.05) 8 6 7 9 10 6 7 6 Calculated as (GO DP) / GO on a percentage basis; values preceded by + symbol indicate DP yield actually increased by that percentage. Table 2
Table 3. Per-annum test weight means recorded in breeder trials and the Oklahoma Wheat Variety Trials, 2000 to 2004 (n Oklahoma sites per year). 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2004 Weighted RYT1 RYT2 OET1 OET2 OET2 WVT differential of Entry (3) (2) (5) (6) (7) (9) OK00514 ------------------------------------------------------------- lb/bu ------------------------------------------------------------- OK00514 57.0 61.2 58.5 60.5 61.1 61.3 Jagger 59.6 56.1 60.5 +1.4 2174 56.3 60.4 58.0 60.6 +0.7 Ok101 59.5 56.9 57.8 59.6 60.0 +1.7 Ok102 59.4 60.7 60.5 +0.8 Edurance 58.0 58.7 +2.4 Deliver 59.4 60.2 +1.0 Nursery mean 54.7 59.5 57.4 59.1 60.1 60.6 +1.2 LSD (0.05) 1.7 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.4 fi ( Χ OK00514 - Χ C ) i, where f i = no. of sites in year i, and Χ OK00514 and Χ C are means for OK00514 and the comparison fi check cultivar, respectively, in year i which both were evaluated. Positive differential indicates OK00514 had higher test wt. by the amount indicated; negative differentials indicate lower test wt. for OK00514. Table 3
Table 4. Date of first-hollow-stem development at Stillwater, OK of early-planted, nonclipped varieties selected from the Oklahoma Wheat Variety Trials, 2004 and 2005 (data provided Richard Austin). Entry 2004 2005 ------- d after Jan. 31 ------- OK00514 27 15 Jagger 22 15 2174 39 35 Ok101 32 22 Ok102 44 33 Endurance 36 33 Deliver 35 20 Jagalene 25 21 Overley 21 10 Trial mean 32 22 Table 4
Table 5. Deviation from the nursery mean for heading date (n sites per year), estimated heading date, and stay-green ratings from breeder trials, 2002 to 2004. Heading date 2002 2003 2004 OET1 OET2 OET2 Green-leaf retention score Entry (3) (2) (4) Estimated KF04 LA02 LA01 FC04 MA03 MA02 ST03 FC01 LA04 ST02 ----------- d ----------- d after ---------------------------------------------- 3-9 ----------------------------------------------- Mar 31 OK00514-0.5-1.0 +0.7 26.1 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.5 4.0 5.0 6.0 5.5 5.0 Jagger -2.8 23.4 5.0 5.0 9.0 7.0 9.0 2174 +1.9 28.1 4.0 5.0 6.0 5.0 8.0 Ok101-1.0 Ok102 Endurance Deliver -0.5-0.5 25.5 5.0 5.0 6.0 4.5 8.0 8.0 8.0 7.5 8.0 +1.3 +1.2 27.4 4.0 5.5 6.0 7.0 +1.0 +1.6 27.6 5.0 6.5 5.5 5.0 5.5 +1.0 +1.7 27.7 4.0 5.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 Nursery mean 28.3 29.5 22.9 26.2 4.9 5.3 5.9 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.5 6.6 6.6 7.2 Estimated as the weighted mean deviation from the overall nursery mean (26 d after March 31); cultivars with fewer readings yield estimates with lower confidence. Readings taken primarily from Lahoma, Goodwell, and Stillwater. Potential scale of 1-9, but actual scale of 3-9, where lower values indicate better green-leaf retention (stay-green). Environments arranged left to right for decreasing overall stay-green, and abbreviated as Ft. Cobb (FC), Kingfisher (KF), Lahoma (LA), Marshall dual-purpose (MA) and Stillwater (ST) for years 2001 (01) through 2004 (04). Readings reported for the final stay-green rating when multiple ratings were made. Table 5
Table 6. Deviation from the nursery mean for plant height (n sites per year), estimated plant height, and lodging resistance scores from breeder trials and the Oklahoma Wheat Variety Trials, 2001 to 2004. Stature Lodging score 2002 2003 2004 2004 2001 2002 2004 OET1 OET2 OET2 WVT Estimated RYT2 OET1 OET2 Entry (4) (5) (5) (6) height (2) (4) (1) ---------------------- cm ---------------------- ---------- 1-5 ----------- OK00514 +4.2 +7.9 +7.1 +4.7 88.4 2.3 1.8 1.5 Jagger -3.8-0.7 80.5 3.3 3.5 2174-1.4-2.0 80.6 1.5 1.1 Ok101-2.9-1.3-3.0 +0.5 80.9 2.5 2.6 2.5 Ok102-5.0-6.6-8.1 75.7 1.5 Endurance +4.7 +1.1 +2.6 85.2 4.0 Deliver +0.7-2.9 +1.4 82.2 3.0 Nursery mean 84.8 77.9 81.7 85.2 82.4 2.7 2.3 2.6 Estimated as the weighted mean deviation from the nursery mean (82.4 cm); cultivars with fewer measurements yield estimates with lower confidence. Readings taken from locations throughout Oklahoma. No lodging (1) to severe lodging (5). Ratings reported only from environments with substantive lodging. Table 6
Table 7. Kernel size attributes based on Ro-tap separation and the single-kernel characterization system (SKCS), reported annually across n environments from breeder trials, 2001-2004. Data provided by C.E. Shelton, OSU Wheat Quality Laboratory. Large-kernel fraction Kernel wt. (SKCS) Kernel diam (SKCS) 2001 2002 2003 2004 2001 2002 2003 2004 2001 2002 2003 2004 Entry (2) (4) (5) (6) (2) (4) (5) (6) (2) (4) (5) (6) ------------------ % ------------------ ----------------- mg ------------------ ---------------- mm ----------------- OK00514 85.1 78.5 85.2 65.1 33.3 31.3 33.6 30.6 2.59 2.49 2.55 2.37 Jagger 59.1 51.8 28.0 25.6 2.29 2.16 2174 77.1 75.6 29.2 29.2 2.44 2.44 Ok101 66.6 65.8 74.2 64.1 29.3 28.6 33.4 30.0 2.33 2.26 2.55 2.33 Ok102 71.6 57.7 31.5 28.7 2.50 2.29 Deliver 83.0 64.5 34.3 31.8 2.43 2.29 Nursery mean 63.8 68.3 72.6 62.2 28.9 29.1 32.0 29.9 2.32 2.33 2.43 2.31 LSD (0.05) 11.0 9.0 9.2 7.6 1.8 2.1 1.6 1.5 0.12 0.10 0.09 0.08 Target value >60.0 >29.0 >2.20 Cultivars shaded in blue had significantly higher values than OK00514 (no occurrences); those in red had significantly lower values. Table 7
Table 8. Five-year summary (2000-2004) of hardness index measured by the single-kernel characterization system (SKCS) and straight-grade flour yield determined with a Quadrumat Senior mill, reported annually across n environments from breeder trials. Data provided by C.E. Shelton, OSU Wheat Quality Laboratory. SKCS Hardness index Flour yield 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Entry (2) (2) (4) (5) (6) (2) (2) (4) (5) (6) ---------------------- (1-100) --------------------- ------------------------- % ------------------------- OK00514 77 79 71 65 74 59.8 60.4 56.3 64.1 58.9 Jagger 74 77 59.4 54.2 2174 76 77 72 59.6 59.0 56.8 Ok101 64 56 43 58 60.1 56.8 63.7 60.1 Ok102 72 72 62.0 59.4 Deliver 44 59 66.9 61.5 Nursery mean 71 71 64 57 67 59.0 59.3 55.9 63.7 58.6 LSD (0.05) 7 10 4 4 5 2.7 3.8 3.0 3.7 1.8 Cultivars shaded in blue had significantly higher values than OK00514; those in red had significantly lower values. Table 8
Table 9. Five-year summary (2000-2004) of wheat and flour protein reported annually across n environments from breeder trials. Data provided by C.E. Shelton, OSU Wheat Quality Laboratory. Wheat protein Flour protein 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Entry (2) (2) (4) (5) (6) (2) (2) (4) (5) (6) ------------------------------------------------------------ % ------------------------------------------------------------ OK00514 14.2 13.8 12.9 13.7 14.0 13.1 12.4 11.6 11.2 11.5 Jagger 13.4 13.1 12.2 11.9 2174 14.0 13.5 12.9 13.2 12.7 12.0 Ok101 11.9 11.7 12.0 12.5 11.3 10.6 8.3 10.2 Ok102 13.5 13.2 10.1 11.1 Deliver 12.7 12.8 10.4 10.5 Nursery mean 13.7 13.2 12.4 13.0 13.0 12.7 12.0 11.4 10.7 10.7 LSD (0.05) 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.6 Wheat protein = 12% m.b. except for 2000 (14% m.b.); flour protein = 14% m.b. (all years). Cultivars shaded in blue had significantly higher values than OK00514 (no occurrences); those in red had significantly lower values. Table 9
Table 10. Five-year summary (2000-2004) of mixograph characteristics and four-year summary of adjusted SDS-sedimentation volume, reported annually across n environments from breeder trials. Data provided by C.E. Shelton, OSU Wheat Quality Laboratory. Mixing time Mixing tolerance rating Mixogram curve width 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Entry (2) (2) (4) (5) (6) (2) (2) (4) (5) (6) (2) (2) (4) (5) (6) -------------------- min -------------------- -------------------- (1-10) ------------------- -------------------- mm -------------------- OK00514 5.9 7.2 5.0 5.6 6.5 4.0 5.0 4.8 3.6 4.5 16.0 16.0 13.3 13.9 15.4 Ok101 7.9 4.5 5.1 6.1 5.5 4.8 5.8 4.1 13.0 10.5 10.0 10.2 2174 4.6 5.6 4.5 2.5 4.5 4.0 9.4 13.5 12.3 Jagger 7.6 4.7 5.0 4.3 12.5 14.3 Ok102 7.0 7.3 5.8 5.0 15.9 13.8 Nursery mean 5.0 6.5 5.0 6.1 5.8 3.4 4.8 5.0 4.4 4.9 13.2 14.1 13.2 13.3 12.7 LSD (0.05) 1.5 3.1 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.8 0.9 0.8 0.7 4.0 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.1 Target value 3.0-8.0 >4.0 >10.0 Mixogram stability Adj. SDS-sedimentation 2001 2002 2003 2004 2000 2001 2003 2004 Entry (2) (4) (5) (6) (2) (2) (5) (6) --------------- ml --------------- OK00514 2.9 9.3 9.9 7.1 4.9 4.9 5.9 6.1 Ok101 2.8 6.3 2.9 7.8 6.1 6.4 7.1 2174 7.4 8.5 5.3 6.0 Jagger 5.2 10.5 6.2 Ok102 3.4 5.9 7.5 7.2 Nursery mean 5.3 7.8 7.2 6.8 5.5 6.2 7.1 7.1 LSD (0.05) 3.3 3.2 2.9 2.4 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.5 Target value <10.0 >6.0 Table 10
Check entries ordered from lowest (Ok101) to highest (Ok102) dough strength. Mixing time and SDS-sedimentation adjusted for flour protein, and mixogram curve width measured at 2 min past peak. With exception of mixing time (no highlighting), cultivars shaded in red had significantly less desirable values than OK00514; those in blue had significantly more desirable values. Table 10
Table 11. Farinograph properties of composite samples produced in statewide breeder trials, 2003 and 2004. Data provided by C.E. Shelton, OSU Wheat Quality Laboratory. Absorption Peak time Stability Tolerance index Entry 2003 2004 2003 2004 2003 2004 2003 2004 % -------------------- min -------------------- OK00514 56.6 60.4 12.0 12.3 20.5 11.4 9 22 Ok101 52.5 56.0 10.4 9.3 19.8 7.2 13 31 Endurance 52.0 58.5 6.7 8.7 23.1 5.4 20 39 Deliver 54.0 58.5 14.2 13.2 22.6 9.8 5 20 Ok102 56.4 58.0 20.7 12.9 27.1 12.4 13 21 Nursery mean 55.0 59.4 15.9 11.7 21.9 11.5 13 21 Composite grain sample from Marshall (dual-purpose and grain-only), Lahoma, Altus, and Goodwell (irrigated). Composite sample from Marshall (grain-only and grazed), Lahoma, Ft. Cobb, Sweetwater (grazed), and Goodwell (irrigated). 2174 and Jagger were not included as checks in this nursery for 2003 and 2004; Endurance and Deliver were chosen as replacements representing average strength and slightly aboveaverage strength, respectively. Table 11
Table 12. Bread-baking properties of composite grain samples produced statewide in the Oklahoma Elite Nursery-2, 2003 and 2004. Data provided by C.E. Shelton, OSU Wheat Quality Laboratory. Bake Loaf External Internal Total Year Entry absorption volume score score score % cc (1-35) (1-30) (1-65) 2003 OK00514 58.0 820 30.0 24.5 54.5 Ok101 58.0 895 29.5 24.0 53.5 Endurance 59.5 793 28.0 25.5 53.5 Deliver 60.0 813 29.0 25.5 54.5 Ok102 58.0 915 31.0 24.0 55.0 Sample mean (n = 16) 58.4 857 29.8 23.8 53.6 2004 OK00514 63.0 805 31.0 27.5 58.5 Ok101 64.0 715 29.5 27.0 56.6 Endurance 62.5 858 32.0 27.5 59.5 Deliver 62.5 875 32.0 29.0 61.0 Ok102 65.0 905 30.5 28.5 59.0 Sample mean (n = 18) 63.7 852 31.4 28.0 59.4 Sample composited from grain produced at Marshall (grazed), Lahoma, Altus, and Goodwell (irrigated). Sample composited from grain produced at Marshall (grazed and grain-only), Lahoma, Ft. Cobb, Sweetwater (grazed), and Goodwell (irrig.). Table 12
Table 13. Milling, bread baking, and Asian noodle quality summary for composite grain samples collected from statewide breeder trials, 2003 and 2004. Data provided by USDA-ARS-HWWQL, Manhattan, KS. OK00514 Endurance Ok102 Trait Unit 2003 2004 2003 2004 2003 2004 Test wt. lb/bu 62.1 62.0 60.3 60.0 61.0 62.5 SKCS-TKW g 34.6 34.0 32.9 31.7 31.2 31.2 SKCS-Diameter mm 2.67 2.61 2.38 2.34 2.42 2.43 SKCS-Hardness index 65 74 54 63 68 75 Flour yield % 71.0 69.0 69.6 67.3 69.0 67.7 Flour ash (14% m.b.) % 0.36 0.30 0.34 0.31 0.42 0.36 Wheat protein (14% m.b.) % 13.0 12.2 11.4 10.9 12.8 12.0 Flour protein (14% m.b.) % 11.8 10.9 9.9 9.4 11.4 10.9 Mixograph mix time min 3.9 3.5 3.3 3.0 4.6 4.3 Mixograph mix tolerance 0-6 3 5 3 2 5 4 Mixograph absorption % 62.5 61.7 60.1 59.0 62.5 61.1 Farinograph absorption % 61.3 60.1 56.5 56.8 59.1 58.1 Farinograph peak time min 11.0 11.4 9.9 9.2 18.6 16.2 Farinograph stability min 15.4 18.9 15.1 11.3 25.3 23.8 Farinograph tolerance index 32 13 35 34 15 5 Bake absorption % 62.4 62.3 60.8 58.7 62.2 59.4 Bake mix time min 5.1 5.5 4.5 4.6 6.4 6.3 Loaf volume cc 930 810 870 835 978 840 Loaf volume regression 71 64 81 81 81 68 Crumb grain 0-6 4.2 4.5 4.0 3.2 3.5 3.5 Crumb color creamy creamy creamy creamy creamy yellow L * at 0 min 81.0 82.1 82.2 L * -8.5-7.3-9.4 The most desired value among varieties for a given year is highlighted in blue; if all three values were desireable, then no value was highlighted. Table 13
Grain composite in 2003 was produced at Stillwater, Marshall (grazed and grain-only), Lahoma, Altus, and Goodwell (dryland and irrigated). Grain composite in 2004 was produced at Stillwater, Marshall (grazed and grain-only), Lahoma, Ft. Cobb, and Goodwell (irrigated). Table 13
Exhibit 1 USDA-GIPSA-FGIS Grain Classification Stillwater, OK 2003-2004 crop year 1 page Proposal for Release of Plant Materials Hard Red Winter Wheat Cultivar OK00514
Exhibit 2 GE Biplot Displays OET2 2003 and 2004 grain yield results 1 page Proposal for Release of Plant Materials Hard Red Winter Wheat Cultivar OK00514 Location legend AL Altus AP Apache AVDP Alva dual-purpose FC Ft. Cobb GD Goodwell dryland GI Goodwell irrigated KF Kingfisher LA Lahoma MDP Marshall dual-purpose MGO Marshall grain only SW Sweetwater dual purpose
DIM2 34% -2 0 2 4 1 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2 20 21 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 4 5 6 7 8 AL AP AVDP FC GI KF LA MDP MGO SWDP 23 19 9 3 22 Ok101 Intrada OK00618W Ok102 29% 2003 OET2 2004 OET2-4 -2 0 2 4 6 DIM1-4 -2 0 2 4 1 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 3 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 4 40 5 6 7 8 9 AL AV GI KF LA MDP MGO SW FC 40% 25% OK00618W Ok102 Ok101 Intrada
Exhibit 3 Disease reaction summary Compiled by Dr. Bob Hunger and Dr. Jeanmarie Verchot 5 pages Proposal for Release of Plant Materials Hard Red Winter Wheat Cultivar OK00514
O K L A H O M A S T A T E U N I V E R S I T Y OSU Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology 127 Noble Research Center Stillwater, OK 74078-3033 PHONE: 405-7445643 FAX: 405-7447373 April 20, 2005 Dr. Brett Carver Department of Plant & Soil Sciences Oklahoma State University Stillwater, OK 74078 Dear Dr. Carver: Below is a summary describing the reactions of OK00514 to various wheat diseases, including the wheat soilborne mosaic virus (WSBMV)/wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (WSSMV) complex, leaf rust (Puccinia triticina), stripe rust (P. striiformis), stem rust (P. graminis f. sp. tritici), powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici), septoria leaf blotch (Septoria tritici), tan spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis), Fusarium head blight (scab), barley yellow dwarf virus, and Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor). A summary of the observations used to determine these reactions are presented on the pages attached to this letter. Reactions to WSBMV/WSSMV, leaf and stripe rust and powdery are based on multiple ratings over several years. Reactions to the other diseases are based on more limited observations, which for some of the diseases are exclusively greenhouse trials or taken outside of Oklahoma. Testing of OK00514 also is being conducted this growing season (2004-05), which will be helpful in confirming the reaction of OK00514 to WSBMV/WSSMV, leaf and stripe rust, and powdery mildew. OK00514 appears to have an intermediate reaction to the WSBMV/WSSMV complex. In 8 of 12 trials since 2000, OK00514 received a rating of resistant to moderately resistant; however, in the other four trials the rating was moderately susceptible (3 trials) and susceptible (1 trial). Our trials in 2005 indicate a moderately susceptible reaction, with the results from ELISA indicating the presence of WSBMV in two different samples and the presence of WSSMV in one of the two samples. OK00514 should be considered intermediate in its reaction to wheat leaf rust at this point in time. From 2000 to 2004, seedling tests in the greenhouse indicated resistance (fleck reaction) with an occasional susceptible seedling. These ratings were coupled with a high level of resistance in the field (2003). However, field ratings in 2004 from Texas, Salina, and South Dakota indicated moderate susceptibility (although in Oklahoma the rating was resistant ). In 2005, seedlings in
greenhouse trials were consistently rated as susceptible, but ratings in the field continued to indicate an intermediate level of resistance to leaf rust. I believe it is quite likely that the composition of races has changed so that the leaf rust resistance in OK00514 is no longer as effective as it was in 2003 or earlier. If this is true, it is quite likely that the leaf rust resistance currently expressed in OK00514 will quickly be overcome in the field especially with widespread planting of OK00514. OK00514 appears to be moderately resistant to stripe rust based on observations in Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Washington. However, one rating from Texas and another from a location in Washington indicate a susceptible reaction to stripe rust. Based on limited greenhouse testing, OK00514 is moderately resistant to wheat stem rust, tan spot, and septoria leaf blotch, moderately susceptible to barley yellow dwarf virus, susceptible to powdery mildew and Hessian fly, and has an intermediate reaction to Fusarium head blight (scab). Please contact me if clarification or additional information is needed. Sincerely, Robert M. Hunger Professor Jeanmarie Verchot-Lubciz Associate Professor
REACTIONS OF OK00514 to Wheat Soilborne Mosaic Virus Year/location 3/8/05 3/18/05 WSBMV WSSMV 2005/NID 92/Stw 3 3 (ELISA=0.980 / 1.071 2.841 / 2.704) 2005/SRPN (NID 95)/Stw 2 3 (ELISA=1.751 / 1.604-0.052 / 0.010) 2005/KS/Sid Perry (1-5) 1 1 1 2005/Stw/Var-Demo (1-4) 2/3 (RMH) 1/2 (WCS) 3/2/04 3/10/04 2004/Stw/SRPN (1-4) 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2004/Stw/NID 92 (1-4) 2 2 2004/IL (1-9) 6.5 2003/RGON/Stw R 2003/NID 92/Stw (1-4) 2 2002/NID 91/Stw 2001/NID 81/Stw 2000/NID 75/Stw 1 (ELISA=0.111) 4 (ELISA=2.900) 1 (ELISA=0.207)
REACTIONS OF OK00514 to Wheat Rusts Leaf rust Stripe rust Stem rust Year/location Sdlng Field 2005/NID 92/Stw 3 3 2005/NID92/FtC 0 0 0 (0 to +++) 0 0 0 2005/SRPN/FtC 0 0 0 (0 to ++) 0 0 0 2005/NID92/Alt 0 + (0 to ++) 0 0 -- 2005 SRPN/Stw 3-3- 3-2004/Stw/SRPN/ ;4P3 ; ; 2004-May 5/Stw/NID 92 ;3P3 ;2P3 ;1P3 2004-May 5/Stw/NID 92 05R (CSM=40S; AP502CL=60S) 2004/NID 92/TX 100S 2004/NID 92/ST DPON-Lr1 1 (1-4) 2004/NID 92/ST DPON-Lr2 1 (1-4) 2004/NID 92/AL 2 (1-4) 1 (1-2) 2004/NID 92/FC 1.5 (1-4) 2004/NID 92/LA 1 (1-4) 0 (1-3) 2004/NID 92/KF 1 (1-5) 2004/KSU/SRPN (0-9) 2 2004/MN/SRPN ; to 7 races R/seg (4 races) S/seg (1 race) 2004-Apr 25/Mt V WA/SRPN [% & IT(0-9)] 5 & 2 (range of 2-80 & 2-8) 2004-Jun 4/Mt V WA/SRPN [% & IT(0-9)] 20 & 3 (range of 5-100 & 2-8) 2004/Pullman WA/SRPN [% & IT(0-9)] 50 & 8 [range 1-100 & 2-8 (nearly all 8 s)] 2004/AR/SRPN (% foliage sporulating) 2 (0-85) 2004/Bshlnd TX/SRPN 20S* 30S 2004/Salina KS/SRPN 40S (90Ss common) 2004/Brkngs SD/SRPN 20S* 3S 2003/RGON/Castro. TX 20R 2003/RGON/Stw R 2003/NID 92/Stw ; ; ; 2003/NID92/MA-DP 1 (1-4) 2003/NID92/MA-GO 1 (1-4) 2003/NID92/EN 0 (0-4**) 2003/NID92//AP 0 (0-4**) 2003/NID92/KF 0 (0-4**) 2003/RGON/KSU (1-9) 2 (many 7-9) 2003/RGON/MN 10mrms 20mss 2002/NID 91/Stw ; ; ; 2001/NID 81/Stw ;2P3 ; ; 2000/NID 75/Stw ; *70s =s highest rating. **Highest rating is a 3 with averages of 0.3, 1.2, and 1.0 at each of the three locations, respectively.
REACTIONS OF OK00514 to Other Diseases Powdery mildew: 2004 BFC Elite Cand. CVs: S (3 reps) 2004 BFC Elite Cand. CVs: 3 (field @ Stw on 4/13/05) 2004 BFC NID 92 (ST PPF): 4 (1-4) 2003 BFC NID 92: 3+ (1 rep) 2003 BFC NID 92: 1 (field @ KF; scale of 0-4 with 2 being the highest rating and avg=0.5) Tan spot: 2005/NID 92/Stw: MR (3 reps) 2004 BFC Elite Cand. CVs MS (3 reps) 2003/NID 92/Stw: 3 (=MS; 1 rep) Septoria: 2004/SRPN/MO: 24% (range=13-69) maybe confounded with Xanthomonas. 2003/NID 92/Stw: 2 (=MR; 1 rep) BYDV: 2004 NID 92/ST DPON: 3 (1-4) Hessian fly: 2004/SRPN/USDA-ARS @ KSU: S (on a scale of R=resis, S=sus, and H=heterogeneous) 2003/RGON/KS: S Fusarium head blight: 2004/SRPN/MO: 25% tombstones (range=8-58). 2004/SRPN/Brkngs SD: 92% infected ears (range=18-100); 32% severity (range=13-49); 29% disease index (range=2-49). 2003/RGON/Brkngs SD: 100% incidence (range=75-100); 46.8% severity (range=19-73.1); 46.8% disease index (range=17.1-73.1)
Exhibit 4 ConAgra, Inc., Quality Report 2003-2004 crop year Grain composite from 6 Oklahoma environments 1 page Proposal for Release of Plant Materials Hard Red Winter Wheat Cultivar OK00514
Description HRW HRW HRW HWW HRW Ok102 Endurance Okfield Guymon OK00514 TestName 03974-2005-02413 03974-2005-02414 03974-2005-02420 03974-2005-02415 03974-2005-02418 MOISTURE MOTOMCO 10.8 11.1 10.7 10.7 10.9 WHT MOIST TGA 9.48 9.81 9.56 9.49 9.49 MOISTURE TGA 13.09 13.24 13.76 13.21 13.27 WHT ASH TGA 12%MB 1.526 1.477 1.482 1.535 1.420 ASH TGA 14%MB 0.515 0.454 0.531 0.453 0.479 WHEAT PROT (12% MB) 12.53 11.15 11.72 12.20 12.97 PROTEIN (14% MB) 11.32 9.85 10.67 11.05 11.51 FARINO ABSORPT 14%MB 55.5 54.4 59.4 57.3 58.4 ARRIVAL TIME 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 PEAK TIME 4.5 4.5 4.0 5.0 4.5 DEPARTURE TIME 10.5 8.5 7.0 10.5 9.5 STABILITY 9.5 7.5 5.5 9.0 8.5 MTI 35 50 65 40 45 CURVE STRENGTH VAL 16.0 12.5 8.5 16.5 14.0 CURVE STRENGTH NUM S-2 S-1 S-1 S-2 S-1 WHEAT MIXO PEAK 3.2 2.4 1.9 2.2 2.9 WHEAT MIXO TOLERANCE 11.50 6.50 7.00 9.00 8.50 WHEAT MIXO CSV 32.6 20.2 19.7 24.6 25.7 WHEAT MIXO CSN L-7 M-4 M-4 M-5 M-6 WHEAT FALLING NUMBER 439 430 434 270 546 DOCKAGE 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 TEST WEIGHT 61.1 59.8 59.2 61.9 62.0 SHRUNKEN & BROKEN 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 THOU KERNEL WEIGHT 30.0 31.5 31.7 27.2 33.7 KERNEL DIAMETER 2.36 2.32 2.45 2.18 2.50 HARDNESS 76 61 73 67 78 SKCS SIZING PAN 1.0 3.3 1.0 2.3 0.7 SKCS SIZING 9 WIRE 51.3 59.7 48.0 66.3 42.3 SKCS SIZING 7 WIRE 47.7 37.0 51.0 31.3 57.0 MILLING EXTRACTION 71.3 72.5 71.6 70.5 72.3 SPONGE/DOUGH BAKE Y Y Y Y Y BAKE DATE 12/28/2004 12/28/2004 12/28/2004 12/28/2004 12/28/2004 DOUGH FARINOGRAPH Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes PROOF TIME 70 65 69 65 68 BAKE ABSORPTION 60.0 59.5 61.5 61.0 61.0 MIX TIME 30.0 11.0 9.0 28.0 28.0 VOLUME 2800 2825 2875 2700 2700 VOLUME COMMENTS EXCESS EXCESS EXCESS ACCEPTABLE ACCEPTABLE DOUGH HAND SPNG PT 4 4 4 4 4 DOUGH HAND SPNG CMT BOLD, SL WET BOLD, SL STICKY BOLD BOLD BOLD DOUGH HAND MIX PT 16 18 18 18 18 DOUGH HAND MIX CMT GOOD+ GOOD GOOD GOOD GOOD DOUGH HAND CUT PT 16 16 12 18 18 DOUGH HAND CUT CMT GOOD+ GOOD- SL MELLOW, SL WET, SL STICKY GOOD GOOD DOUGH HAND TOT SCORE 36 38 34 40 40 EXTERNAL TOTAL 9 7 7 8 9 EXTERNAL COMMENTS SL RAGGED SL RAGGED, SL INSUF, SL LIGHT FLAT SL EXCESS, SL RAGGED SL RAGGED INTERN COLOR PT 10 10 8 9 10 INTERN COLOR CMT BRIGHT BRIGHT SL DL SL CRMY (UNBL) BRIGHT INTERN GRAIN PT 12 11 10 9 11 INTERN GRAIN CMT SL IRREG SL RND, SL IRREG SL OPEN, SL RND OPEN IRREG INTERN BODY PT 9 9 9 9 10 INTERN BODY CMT GOOD GOOD GOOD GOOD V GOOD INTERN TEXTURE PT 8 9 8 9 8 INTERN TEXTURE CMT GOOD, SL DRY GOOD SL HRSH GOOD GOOD, SL DRY INTERN TOTAL SCORE 39 39 35 36 39 SPNG_DOU TOTAL SCORE 84 84 76 84 88
Exhibit 5 Wheat Quality Council Report 2003-2004 crop year Grain composite from Lahoma and Goodwell, OK 15 pages Proposal for Release of Plant Materials Hard Red Winter Wheat Cultivar OK00514