Chapter 8 Guiding Questions If there is something that you don t know how to answer, please seek help so you understand and master each concept! 1. What does the cell cycle include? 2. What are the phases of interphase? 3. What happens in a cell during G1? 4. What s the restriction point during G1? 5. What happens in a cell during G2? 6. What s happening in cell during G0? 7. Which phase of the cell cycle lasts the longest? 8. How is Interphase different from Mitosis? What is a cell doing in mitosis that it s not doing in interphase and vice versa? 9. Importance of spindle fibers? 10. How many chromosomes are found in human cell during G1? How many chromatids?
11. How many duplicated chromosomes are found in a human cell during G2? How many chromatids? 12. If 24% of sample of DNA contains cytosine, how much of the sample would be glycine? How much of the sample would be adenine? How much of the sample would be thymine? 13. When does DNA replication occur? 14. Why is DNA replication considered a semi-conservative model? 15. How does DNA fit into the nucleus of each cell? 16. One strand of DNA runs in a 3 to 5 direction while the complimentary strand runs in a 5 to 3 direction. What is this called? 17. During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible or separating the complimentary DNA strands? 18. During DNA replication, which enzyme catalyzes the replication of each strand in a 5 to 3 direction? 19. During DNA replication, which structures prevent the complimentary strands from coming back together? 20. What is the responsibility of topoisomerase during DNA replication? 21. Distinguish between DNA polymerase I and III.
22. Distinguish between the leading and lagging strands of DNA during replication. 23. What are the complimentary base pairing rules as a molecule of DNA is being copied? 24. Why are we studying DNA replication during a unit on the cell cycle? 25. In order, which phases make up mitosis? 26. Why is mitosis important? 27. What is the end result of mitosis? 28. Describe the main events of Prophase: 29. Describe the main events of Metaphase: 30. Will a cell continue to anaphase if all the chromosomes are not attached to a spindle fiber? What is responsible for monitoring that? 31. Describe the main events of Anaphase: 32. Do chromosomes contain two sister chromatids mid-anaphase? Why/why not?
33. How can you tell if a cell is in early or late anaphase? 34. Describe the main events of Telophase: 35. Describe in words what a cell looks like identify a cell in prophase. 36. Describe in words what a cell looks like identify a cell in metaphase. 37. Describe in words what a cell looks like identify a cell in anaphase. 38. Describe in words what a cell looks like identify a cell in telophase. 39. What are cyclins and what is their role in the cell cycle? 40. What are kinases and what is their role in the cell cycle? 41. How do kinases and cyclins interact with each other during the cell cycle? 42. Why study cancer during a unit on the cell cycle?
43. What causes cancer? 44. What are proto-oncogenes? 45. What happens when proto-oncogenes are mutated? 46. What are tumor-suppressor genes? 47. What happens when a tumorsuppressor gene mutates? 48. Describe cytokinesis in a plant cell. How is it different than cytokinesis in an animal cell? 49. Describe how cell division occurs in a bacterial cell. 50. Why did we study sea urchins this unit? 51. What is a zygote? 52. How does a zygote become an embryo?
53. Describe the stages of embryological development in sea urchins. 54. Label these cells as they carry out the cell cycle. 55. Mathematical thinking below: Show your work This is a data table that represents the number of DNA nucleotide mutations in a specific gene taken from 8 different cells. Compute the standard deviation of the following. Give your answer to the nearest whole number. Number of Cells Number of Mutations 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 5 9 6 4 4 5 9
Do as much as the following as you can to prepare yourself for this test please Whatever you do.check it off! started reviewing for the test as soon as I received the study guide read the chapter over again read over my annotating notes carefully looked at the class website read over the powerpoint presentation read over my class notes reviewed all of my worksheets and labs made flashcards from the review guide asked the teacher about questions I couldn t find the answers to asked someone to quiz me quizzed myself created a practice test and took it got additional help from my teacher got additional help from the tutoring center took some online quizzes from the textbooks website studied with a study group taught it to somebody Watched various you-tubes/online lessons on the topic Other?