Jennifer R. Ledford, Ph.D., BCBA-D Curriculum Vita Current Appointment & Contact Information Current Appointment Contact Information Assistant Professor, Special Education Member, Vanderbilt Kennedy Center Peabody College of Vanderbilt University Peabody Box 228 OMC 416E Department of Special Education Nashville, TN 37203 jennifer.ledford@vanderbilt.edu 615-343-1340 Education & Certification BCBA-D Jan 2013 Ph.D. Dec 2012 M.Ed. May 2006 B.A. May 2003 Behavior Analyst Certification Board #1-13-13230 Vanderbilt University, Department of Special Education Early Childhood Special Education, Behavior Analysis University of Georgia, Special Education and Communication Sciences Special Education, Adapted Curriculum Emory University Psychology (with highest honors) Areas of Specialization My research interests include identifying evidence-based instructional practices for young children with autism and other disabilities, improving the use of single case research designs, and increasing physical activity for young children with and without disabilities. Professional Experience Jan 2014-Present Assistant Professor, Special Education, Vanderbilt University Jan 2014-Present Member, Vanderbilt University Kennedy Center Jan 2013-Dec 2013 Assistant Professor, Special Education, University of Georgia Aug 2009-Dec 2012 Pre-doctoral Research Assistant, Special Education, Vanderbilt University Aug 2006-Jun 2009 Preschool Special Education Teacher, Gwinnett County Public Schools Aug 2005-Jun 2006 Special Education Paraprofessional, Gwinnett County Public Schools Aug 2004-Jun 2005 Graduate Assistant, Special Education, University of Georgia Aug 2002-Jul 2004 Teacher, Walden Early Childhood Programs, Emory University 1
Publications: Books 1. Gast, D., & Ledford, J. R. (Eds.). (2014). Single case research. Applications in special education and behavioral sciences. 2 nd edition. Mahawh, NJ: Routledge. 2. Ledford, J. R., & Gast, D. L. (Eds.). (2018, under contract). Single case research. Applications in special education and behavioral sciences. 3 rd edition. Mahawh, NJ: Routledge Publications: Chapters *does not include chapters written in books listed above 1. Wolery, M., & Ledford, J. R. (2013). Monitoring child progress. In M. E. McLean, M. L. Hemmeter, & P. Snyder (Eds.) Essential elements for assessing infants and preschoolers with special needs. Boston, MA: Pearson. 2. Gast, D. L. & Ledford, J. R. (2010). Multiple baseline and multiple probe designs. In D. L. Gast (Ed.) Single subject research in behavioral sciences (pp. 276-328). Mahawh, NJ: Routledge. 3. Gast, D. L. & Ledford, J. R. (2010) Variations of multiple baseline designs and combination designs. In D. L. Gast (Ed.) Single subject research in behavioral sciences (pp. 382-416). Mahawh, NJ: Routledge. Publications: Peer Reviewed Articles *denotes student authorship 1. *Lane, J. D., Ledford, J. R., Shepley, C., *Mataras, T., Ayres, K. M., & Davis, A. B. (in press). A brief coaching intervention for teaching naturalistic strategies to parents. Journal of Early Intervention. 2. Ledford, J. R., Barton, E. E., Hardy, J. K., *Elam, K., *Seabolt, J., *Shanks, M., & Hemmeter, M. L., Kaiser, A. (in press). What equivocal data from single case comparison studies reveal about evidence based practices in early childhood special education. Journal of Early Intervention. 3. Ledford, J.R., King, S., *Harbin, E. R., & *Zimmerman, K. (in press). Social skills interventions for individuals with ASD: What works, for whom, and under what conditions? Focus on Autism and other Developmental Disabilities. 4. Barton, E. E., Ledford, J. R., Lane, J. D., *Decker, J., *Germansky, S. E., Hemmeter, M. L., & Kaiser, A. K. (2016). The iterative use of single case research to advance the science of EI/ECSE. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1177/0271121416630011 5. *Smith, K. A., Ayres, K. A., *Alexander, J., Ledford, J. R., Shepley, C., & *Shepley, S. B. (2016). Initiation and generalization of self-instructional skills in adolescents with autism and intellectual disability. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disabilities. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1007/s10803-015-2654-8. 6. Ledford, J. R., *Lane, J. D., Shepley, C., & *Kroll, S. (2016). Using structured choices on the playground for young children with autism: Effects on engagement, social behaviors, and physical activity. Focus on Autism and other Developmental Disabilities. Advance online publication. doi:10.1177/1088357614547892 7. *Urlacher, S., Wolery, M., & Ledford, J. R. (in press). Peer modeling of commenting during small group instruction. Journal of Early Intervention. 2
8. *Lane, J. D., & Ledford, J. R. (2016). A review of interventions designed to increase sharing behaviors in children with social delays or deficits. Journal of Behavioral Education, 25, 69-94. doi: 10.1007/s10864-015-9235-y 9. Ledford, J. R., *Hall, E., *Conder, E., & Lane, J. D. (2016). Research for young children with autism spectrum disorders: Evidence of social and ecological validity. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 34, 223-233. 10. *Adamo, E. K., *Wu, J., Wolery, M., Hemmeter, M. L., Ledford, J. R., & Barton, E. (2015). Using video modeling to increase moderate-to-vigorous physical activity for young children with Down syndrome. Journal of Early Intervention, 37, 270-285. 11. McKeown, D., Kimball, K., & Ledford, J. R. (2015). Effects of asynchronous audio feedback on the story revision practices of students with emotional/behavioral disorders. Education and Treatment of Children, 38, 541-564. 12. *Lane, J. D., Gast, D. L., Shepley, C., & Ledford, J. R. (2015). Including social opportunities during small group instruction with preschool children with socialcommunication delays. Journal of Early Intervention, 37, 3-22. 13. Ledford, J. R., Ayres, K. A., *Lane, J. D., & *Lam, M. F. (2015). Accuracy of intervalbased measurement systems in single case research. Journal of Special Education, 49, 104-117 14. Ledford, J. R., & Wehby, J. E. (2015). Teaching children with autism in small groups with students who are at-risk for academic problems: Effects on academic and social behaviors. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45, 1624-1635. 15. Ledford, J. R. & Wolery, M. (2015). Observational learning of academic and social information during small group instruction. Exceptional Children, 81, 272-291. 16. *Lane, J. D., & Ledford, J. R. (2014). Using interval-based systems to measure behavior in early childhood special education and early intervention. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 34, 83-93. 17. Ledford, J. R. & Gast, D. L. (2014). Measuring procedural fidelity in behavioral research. Neurospyschological Rehabilitation, 24, 332-348. 18. Ledford, J. R., & Wolery, M. (2013). Procedural fidelity: An analysis of measurement and reporting practices. Journal of Early Intervention, 35, 173-193. 19. Ledford, J. R., & Wolery, M. (2013). The effects of graphing a second observer s data on judgments of functional relations when observer bias may be present. Journal of Behavioral Education, 22, 312-324. 20. Ledford, J. R., & Wolery, M. (2013). Peer modeling of academic and social behaviors during small group instruction. Exceptional Children, 79, 439-458. 21. Ledford, J. R., Lane, J. D., Elam, K. L., & Wolery, M. (2012). Using response prompting procedures during small group direct instruction: Outcomes and procedural variations. American Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 117, 413-434. 22. Ledford, J. R., Artman, K., Wolery, M., & Wehby, J. (2012). The effects of graphing a second observer s data on judgments of functional relations for A-B-A-B graphs. Journal of Behavioral Education, 21, 350-364. doi: 10.1007/s10864-012-9150-4 23. Wolery, M., Dunlap, G., & Ledford, J. R. (2011). Single-case experimental methods: Suggestions for reporting. Journal of Early Intervention, 33, 103-109. 24. Ledford, J. R., & Wolery, M. (2011). Teaching imitation to children with disabilities: A review of the literature. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 30, 245-255. 3
25. Lewis, E. A., Ledford, J. R., Elam, K., Wolery, M., & Gast, D. L. (2010). Using small group instruction to teach young children with autism spectrum disorders in early childhood classes. Young Exceptional Children Monograph No. 12. Early Intervention Services for Children with Autism. 26. Ledford, J. R., Gast, D. L., Luscre, D., & Ayres, K. (2008). Observational and incidental learning by children with autism during small group instruction. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 86-103. 27. Ledford, J. R., & Gast, D. L. (2006) Feeding problems in children with autism spectrum disorders. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 21, 153-166. Conference Presentations *denotes student authorship 1. *Bartelmay, D., *Rigor, M., Barton, E.E., Ledford, J. R., *Chazin, K.T., *Stankiecz, K., & *Sweeney, E. (2016, May). The use of trial-based functional analyses in an early childhood setting. Poster accepted for presentation at the Association for Behavior Analysis International 42 nd Annual Convention, Chicago, IL. 2. *Chazin, K.T., Ledford, J. R., *Osborne, K., *Reynolds, S., & *Patel, N. (2016, May). The effects of antecedent exercise on subsequent on-task and challenging behavior in young children. Poster accepted for presentation at the Association for Behavior Analysis International 42 nd Annual Convention, Chicago, IL. 3. *Harbin, E., & Ledford, J. R. (2016, May). Using shaping and peer modeling to reduce food selectivity in young children. Poster accepted for presentation at the Association for Behavior Analysis International 42 nd Annual Convention, Chicago, IL. 4. *Johnson, B., Ledford, J. R., Hemmeter, M.L., & *Harbin, E. (2016, May). Structural analysis to inform a preschool classroom intervention: effects on stereotypy and engagement. Poster accepted for presentation at the Association for Behavior Analysis International 42 nd Annual Convention, Chicago, IL. 5. Ledford, J. R. (2016, May). Discussant. Refining instructional procedures for individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Symposium accepted for presentation at the Association for Behavior Analysis International 42 nd Annual Convention, Chicago, IL. 6. Ledford, J. R., Barton, E. E., & *Zimmerman, K. N. (February, 2016). Conducting Research on Research: Suggestions for Improving Single Case Design Studies. Paper accepted for presentation at Pacific Coast Research Conference, San Diego, CA. 7. Ledford, J. R., Lane, J. D., *Zimmerman, K. N., & Shepley, C. (February, 2016). Bigger, Better, & More Complex: To What Extent Do Newer Overlap-Based Metrics Adequately Describe Single Case Data? Poster accepted for presentation at Pacific Coast Research Conference, San Diego, CA. 8. Ledford, J. R., & Lane, J. D. (October, 2015). Peer play and physical activity for children with and without ASD. Poster presented at the Conference for the Division for Early Childhood of the Council for Exceptional Children. Atlanta, GA. 9. Lane, J. D., & Ledford, J. R. (October, 2015). Promoting social interactions by teaching children to share items. Poster presented at the Conference for the Division for Early Childhood of the Council for Exceptional Children. Atlanta, GA. 10. *Zimmerman, K. N., & Ledford, J. R. (October, 2015). Exploring social narratives beyond autism: A review of literature. Poster presented at the Conference for the Division for Early Childhood of the Council for Exceptional Children. Atlanta, GA. 4
11. Ledford, J. R. (May, 2015). The effects of interval-based measurement on the estimation of effect sizes in single case research. In J. B. Ganz, Chair, Issues in and Application of Meta- Analyses and Syntheses of Single-Case Experimental Research in Autism and Developmental Disabilities. Symposium presented at Association for Behavior Analysis International Conference. San Antonio, TX. 12. Ledford, J. R. (May, 2015). Chair, Characterizing and Improving Physical Activity Behaviors of Individuals with Autism and other Developmental Disabilities. Symposium presented at Association for Behavior Analysis International Conference. San Antonio, TX. 13. McKeown, D., *Kimball, K., & Ledford, J. (February 2015). Effect of asynchronous feedback on revision behavior of 6 th graders with E/BD. Poster presented at Pacific Coast Research Conference. Coronado, CA. 14. Lane, J. D., Ledford, J. R., Ayres, K. A., & Davis, A. (January 2015). A rapid coaching intervention for teaching naturalistic strategies to parents of young children with autism spectrum disorder. Poster presented at Association for Behavior Analysis International Autism Conference. Las Vegas, NV. 15. Lane, J. D., Shepley, C., & Ledford, J. R. (January 2015). Including feasible behavioral interventions for social-communication behaviors in early childhood special education classrooms. Poster presented at Association for Behavior Analysis International Autism Conference. Las Vegas, NV. 16. *Kimball, K., McKeown, D., & Ledford, J. R. (October 2014). Using ipad teacher feedback to improve writing revisions for students with E/BD in a residential facility. Paper presented at Teacher Educators for Children with Behaviors Disorders. Tempe, AZ. 17. McKeown, D., *Kimball, K., & Ledford, J. R. (October 2014). Utilizing ipads for asynchronous feedback to increase revising behavior in student narrative writing. Interactive paper presented at Teacher Education Division of Council for Exceptional Children. Indianapolis, IN. 18. *Karp, E., Lambert, J.L., *Copeland, B.A., *Finley, C.I., Houchins-Juarez, N.J., & Ledford, J.R. (October 2014). Teaching a child with autism to play basketball using discrete trial training and response chaining. In Jennifer R. Ledford, Chair, Behavior Analytic Approaches to Skill Deficits and Problem Behavior. Symposium presented at the 17 th annual Tennessee Association for Behavior Analysis Conference, Nashville, TN. 19. Ledford, J. R. (February 2014). Integrated small group instruction targeting social and academic outcomes. Paper presented at Pacific Coast Research Conference, San Diego, CA. 20. Ledford, J. R. (February 2014). Using interval-based measurement systems. Poster presented at Conference on Research Innovations in Early Intervention, San Diego, CA. 21. Ledford, J. R., & Wolery, M. (February 2012). Observational learning in small groups. Poster presented at Conference on Research Innovations in Early Intervention, San Diego, CA. 22. Ledford, J. R. (February 2011). Observational learning of social behaviors during direct instruction by young children with disabilities. Poster presented at Applied Behavior Analysis International Autism Conference, Washington, DC. 23. Ledford, J. R., Wolery, M., Artman, K., & Wehby, J. (February 2010). Graphing data from a second observer on single subject graphs: Effects on analysis. Poster presented at Conference on Research Innovations in Early Intervention, San Diego, CA. 5
24. Ledford, J. R. (February 2008). Observational and incidental learning by children with autism during small group instruction. Poster presented at Applied Behavior Analysis International Autism Conference, Atlanta, GA. Grants Awarded (Federally Funded) 1. Ledford, J. R. (PI), Ayres, K., Gast, D. L., & Wehby, J (Mentors). 2013-2017. Using Peer Models in the Context of Small-Group Direct Instruction to Teach Social and Academic Skills to Children with Autism. U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Educational Sciences, $366,000. 2. Wehby, J. (PI), Lloyd, B. P., Ledford, J. R., Barton, E. (Co-PIs). 2014-2019. Training Certified Behavior Analysts with Advanced Knowledge in Special Education. U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs, $1,000,000. 3. Kaiser, A. (PI), Barton, E. E., & Ledford, J. R. (Co-PIs). 2014-2019. Preparing Early Childhood Special Educators with an Autism Specialization. U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs, $1,000,000. Grants Awarded (Internally Funded) 1. Ledford, J. R. (PI). 2015. Improving Block Play for Young Children with Disabilities Vanderbilt University, Peabody College Small Grants Award, $9,600. 2. Ledford, J. R. (PI) 2014. Relationships between Adult and Child Behavior on the Playground. Vanderbilt University, Peabody College Small Grants Award, $8,050. 3. Ledford, J. R. (PI), Ayres, K., & Schmidt, M. (Mentors). 2013. Using Structured Activities on the Playground to Increase Physical Activity and Social Interactions for Students with Autism. University of Georgia, College of Education Early Faculty Award, $5,800. Teaching & Advising Vanderbilt University SPED 8810 (formerly SPED 3013), Introduction to Single Subject Research Methodology SPEDE 7400 (formerly SPED 3400), Instruction and Learning in Early Childhood Special Education Current Advisees Doctoral: 1 (Kathleen Zimmerman), Masters: 6 Undergraduate Honors: 1 University of Georgia SPED 7260, Instruction for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders (2013) SPED 7610, Current Issues in Autism Spectrum Disorders (2013) SPED 4010/6010, Introduction to Teaching Students with ASD (2013) 6
Service Lecture Committee. Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University (2016-2017) Admissions and Recruitment Committee. Department of Special Education, Peabody College of Vanderbilt University (2015-present) Editorial Board. American Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (2015- present), Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities (2013-present), Journal of Early Intervention (2013-present), Topics in Early Childhood Special Education (2013-present) Guest Reviewer. Autism Research, American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, Behavior Modification, Child Development, Education and Treatment of Children, Educational Psychology Review, Exceptional Children, Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, Journal of Behavioral Education, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, Remedial and Special Education, Teaching Exceptional Children, Young Exceptional Children Conference Proposal Reviewer. Division for Early Childhood of the Council for Exceptional Children. 7