PRODUCTION OSTRICH NUTRITION FEEDING RATES AND FEEDING MANAGEMENT

PRODUCTION OSTRICH NUTRITION FEEDING RATES AND FEEDING MANAGEMENT

PRODUCTION Nutrition Ration Content Ostrich Feed Formula Protein Fiber Calcium Phosphorous Total Feed Formula Nutrients 21.0% 12.0% 2.00% 1.00% Ostrich Feed Formula % of Total Protein Fiber Calcium Phosphorous 20% Quality Lucerne 38% 7.6% 9.88% 0.61% 0.11% Rest of Formula 62% 13.4% 2.12% 1.39% 0.89% Total Feed Formula Nutrients 100% 21.0% 12.0% 2.00% 1.00% Rest of Formula will include: Grain for energy Maize Protein ingredient.soyameal Fat Vegetable Oil Vitamins and Minerals Certain CONSISTENT by-products in small quantities

PRODUCTION Nutrition Wrong Ingredient Ostrich Feed Formula Protein Fiber Calcium Phosphorous Total Feed Formula Nutrients 21.0% 12.0% 2.00% 1.00% Ostrich Feed Formula % of Total Protein Fiber Calcium Phosphorous 20% Quality Lucerne 38% 7.6% 9.88% 0.61% 0.11% Rest of Formula 62% 13.4% 2.12% 1.39% 0.89% Total Feed Formula Nutrients Ostrich Feed Formula 100% % of Total 21.0% Protein 12.0% Fiber 2.00% Calcium 1.00% Phosphorous 13% Quality Lucerne 38% 2.9% 14.44% 0.45% 0.07% Rest of Formula 62% 13.4% 2.12% 1.39% 0.89% Total Feed Formula Nutrients 100% 16.3% 16.56% Think Precision 1.84% 0.96%

PRODUCTION Nutrition Ingredient Substitution Effects of Wrong Ingredient Use 160% 140% Percentage Variance 120% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Protein Fibre Cal Phos African Black Chicks 30 wks Nutrient Target Ration Lucerne Subst. Think Production ------- Think Precision

PRODUCTION Nutrition Feeding Rates - Weighing Feed Ostrich Feed Formula Protein Fiber Calcium Phosphorous Total Feed Formula Nutrients 21.0% 12.0% 2.00% 1.00% kgs/ Day Protein kgs Fibre kgs Cal gms Phos gms Feeding Rate/Day 2.1 0.44 0.25 42.00 21.00 Under Feeding 5% 2 0.42 0.24 40.00 20.00 Under Feeding 15% 1.75 0.37 0.21 35.00 17.50 Think Precision

Production Nutrition Understanding Wet Feeds Think Precision Dry Matter Basis 100% As Fed Basis Dry Feeds 88% - 90% DM Grass 10% DM Grass Silage 15% - 30% DM Maize Silage 28% - 42% DM African Black Chicks 30 wks

PRODUCTION Nutrition Understanding Wet Feeds Example 1 Dry Formula As Fed DM Kilos of 'As Fed' Ration required to make 1tonne of dry rations. As Fed Formula % Forage Hay 375 divide 90% 416.67 Divide by 1111.11 37.50% Concentrate 625 divide 90% 694.44 62.50% Example 2 1000 1111.11 100.00% Forage Silage 375 divide 20% 1875.00 Divide by 2569.44 72.97% Concentrate 625 divide 90% 694.44 27.03% 1000 2569.44 100.00% Comparison Forage Adjustment Dry Feed vs Wet Feed Think Precision

Think Production PRODUCTION Nutrition Understanding Wet Feeds Feed Example 1 Dry Formula DM Daily Intake kg As Fed DM As Fed kg Forage Hay 375 0.7 divide 90% 0.8 Concentrate 625 1.2 divide 90% 1.3 Example 2 1000 1.89 2.1 Forage Silage 375 0.7 divide 20% 3.5 Concentrate 625 1.2 divide 90% 1.3 Example 3 1000 1.89 4.8 Fresh Green Forage 375 0.7 divide 10% 7.1 Concentrate 625 1.2 divide 90% 1.3 1000 1.89 8.4

PRODUCTION Nutrition Understanding Wet Feeds Comparative Dry Matter 100% Percentage 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Grazing Grass Silage Maize Silage Dry Feeds Min Max Moisture Forage Ingredient Think Production

PRODUCTION Nutrition Understanding Wet Feeds As Fed Feeding Rate Comparisons 8.0 kgs per day 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 10% 12% 20% 40% 90% Concentrate 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 Forage 7.1 6.3 3.5 1.8 0.8 Think Precision Forage DM Percentage

PRODUCTION Nutrition Principals of Feed Management Knowledge of Feed Mixing Weighing Feed Management Water Management Stockmanship Supplementation Think Production and Quality

PRODUCTION Feed Management KNOW WHAT YOU ARE FEEDING BLUE MOUNTAIN OSTRICH FEEDS CONCEPT OF GOOD OSTRICH NUTRITION -------------TO ACHEIVE A 100 % SUCCESSFUL RATION:------------- EMPHASIS ON EMPHASIS ON FEEDSTUFFS MINERALS & VITAMINS 50 % 50 % / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ FEEDSTUFF FEEDSTUFF MIN. & VIT. MIN. & VIT. INGREDIENT INGREDIENT INGREDIENT LEVELS & TYPE QUALITY SOURCE/TYPE RATIOS 25 % 25 % 25 % 25 % No heat processed Inorganic vs. grains or proteins Organic (at least 1/3 Whole grains & Inorganic Mineral) forages (no byproducts) No heat processed Organic sources Grains with low fiber Correct particle size of minerals Only highest grades of Inorganic minerals Highest quality forage Levels of minerals possible (Alfalfa) and vitamins (high protein & energy, Does feed contain? Productive Ingredients Quality Ingredients Adequate Nutrient Levels Adequate Levels of Vitamins Adequate Levels of Minerals Think Production

PRODUCTION Feed Management Mixing the Feed Use the specified ingredients of the best quality Know the analysis of the Ingredients Weigh EVERYTHING accurately Do NOT substitute ANY ingredient without consulting the nutritionist Particle size is the same when not pelleted Ostrich CANNOT tolerate mixing errors

Mixing Methods

PRODUCTION Feed Management Examples: Mixing the Feed 1. Least Cost Formulations Can result in changes of Ingredients from batch to batch Result: Different utilisation factors will result in variable Performance. Severe Change of ingredient can lead to Ostrich going OFF FEED 2. Do not trust Feed Company information. Example: Customer described Soya to be sold, warned that it may be a product with urea added. Once she raised this the company did not admit, but stated out of product. Urea will KILL ostrich. 3. Commercial Feeds Read the label and understand what is in the bag. There are still many feed Companies using Animal Protein Products. Nutritional factors apart, the Industry s greatest selling point is healthy Red Meat. Our customers do NOT want these ingredients. 4. Fats and Oils Companies like to sell out of date supermarket fats and recycled restaurant Oil. There are many Fat products around that are not pure. 5. Lucerne/Alfalfa Practice of mixing poor quality Lucerne with good quality lucerne this does NOT work. Medium Quality and good quality mixed will work to achieve a uniform quality. Ostrich CANNOT tolerate wrong Ingredient Use

PRODUCTION Feed Management WEIGH THE FEED FEED ACCORDING TO INSTRUCTIONS Know the Feeding Rate Limit Fed Ad Lib Weigh All Feed Dispensed Do NOT work on Volume Weigh All Feed cleaned from troughs If Grazing know the Dry Matter Intake Think Precision

Effects of Short Feeding PRODUCTION Feed Management Protein% Rate Total per Day Ostrich 21% 2100 441 Cow 18% 25000 4500 WEIGH THE FEED Short Fed - 200grams Ostrich 21% 1900 399 90% Cow 18% 24800 4464 99% Think Precision

PRODUCTION Feed Management Effect of Feeding Rate Errors Feed by Weight Daily Nutrient Intake 102.00% 100.00% 98.00% 96.00% 94.00% 92.00% 90.00% 88.00% 86.00% 84.00% Normal Feeding Rate 200grams Short Ostrich Cow What does 10% represent?

PRODUCTION Feed Management The Cost of Short Feeding Drop in Yield - Drop in Yield Class Less per kilo for fewer kilos of meat 15% Plus - less revenue Slaughter Bird 10% Fewer Eggs - Breeder Birds Greater risk of infertility and POOR hatchability Reduced performance from Hatched Chicks Increased Chick Mortality NB: 1.5kg/day = 40% Short Feeding In Breeder Birds this will result in many problems

PRODUCTION Feed Management Basic Rules FEED at Least Twice per Day NEVER put Fresh Food on top of Old PROVIDE adequate Trough Space PROTECT from Wind and Rain CLEAN feed troughs EVERY DAY SAME Time Every Day SEVERE Weather Change Think Production and Quality

PRODUCTION Feed Management Going off feed New Batch of Feed Ingredients - If it is a new batch of feed, check the feed. There may have been a change of ingredient or one ingredient may be of poor quality or have a poor aroma for the birds. New Batch of Feed Type - has there been a change in particle size or system of manufacture (ie. pellet sizes have altered, pellet harder than before, meal when before it was ground etc.) Water - Check that there are no problems with the water supply the birds may have reduced water intake for some reason. In cold weather birds will reduce water intake if the water is too cold. In extreme heat birds will reduce water intake if the water is not sufficiently cool. Exposure If it has been particularly hot, wet or windy. This may have resulted in the feed deteriorating faster than the norm, or the birds may have been affected by the change in weather. Stress There has not been some stress factor that has resulted in the birds going off feed. Examples: Thunder Storm, Hot Air Balloon, Road Works close by, Unusual Activity such as tractor work, earthmoving or the harvesting of some crop close by. Health Check that the birds are not becoming ill. With young growers there is a risk of Clostridium taking hold...especially as a result of a Stress factor as discussed in the previous paragraph. With Breeders if one pen has not cleaned up, that one of the breeders has not developed egg impaction, become injured etc. Think Quality

PRODUCTION Feed Management Water Availability at ALL times for ALL Ages Clean and Fresh Watch for contaminants Sample Regularly Temperature: Min. in Cold Weather 21-32 degrees C Observe daily water intake to learn the Norm Think Precision

PRODUCTION Feed Management Routine Feed at the Same Time Every Feed Feed Type Ingredient Change Movement of People

PRODUCTION Feed Management Stockmanship Observation - Feeding Bird Condition There is sufficient trough space to allow all birds are able to eat at the same time. A bird not coming to feed A bird not eating properly Birds slower to eat than normal Signs of any injury Signs of illness Think Production and Quality

PRODUCTION Feed Management Bird Condition Breeder Perfect Condition Quality Slaughter Bird No Fat No Meat Slaughter Bird No fat no Meat Bird Good Condition Slaughter Birds Fat No Meat Bird Same Bird 60 Days Later

PRODUCTION Feed Management Observation - Water Stockmanship Understand the Norm Observe Decrease in Water consumption Observe Problems with Water Think Production

PRODUCTION Feed Management Observation - General Stockmanship Bird Condition Dropping Consistency Activity Birds not showing the normal curiosity Birds sitting more than usual Birds that are standing or sitting alone Other birds being aggressive to one particular bird General Stance Not sitting following feeding Think Production

PRODUCTION Feed Management NEVER SUPPLEMENT ANYTHING Every nutrient contributes to the TOTAL DAILY FEED INTAKE Vitamin and Minerals Added to Water Grazing Grass, Lucerne Chopped Vegetables Vitamin Injections, Tonics Think Production

The Future The Development of Genetics Production Nutrition Production Feed Management Production Farm Management Production Genetics

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