While not all inclusive, this quick reference chart has been designed to offer starting point product choices by application, solvent based systems (font-black), solventless (font-green), waterborne (font-blue), powder (font-brown) and UV (fontpurple). Please refer to each product section for additional choices, systems and selection criteria. Automotive Basecoat/Topcoat Can Coil (PCM) E-Coat Elastomers/Foam General Industrial 5225, 5528, 2500, 3525 2500, 5225, 2547 5076, 5925, 155, 3525 2500, 2558, 3525 1323, 1419, 1953, 2107, XC-194K, 2500, X49-110, 3525 1051, NACORR 1552 Acrylic Anodic 2500, 155, X49-110 2547, 2500, X49-110, 3525 CXC-1615, CXC-1612 CXC-1615,CXC-1612, CXC-1615 XK-635, XC-B221 XK-635 XK-614 XK-635, XK-639 XK-635, XK-639 XK-604, XK-618 XK-635, 5218, XC-B221 XM-359, A308, XM-366 188, A307, XM-366 188, A307, XM-337 188, XM-332, XM-337 148,, XM-332 188, XM-366, XM-337 320 320W, 350W 320, 350W 320 350W 320 350W 501, 511, 555 501, 511, 555, 730 A503, A504 152, A503 A504 152, A503, 5100, 6501 1352, 1552 1352, 1552 1151, 1552, 1352, 1652 6402 Prepolymers Refinish Resin Synthesis Sealants Stain/Varnishes Wood 155, 1040 155, 1040W 1040, 155 1040W, 155 2500, 5225, 4000 2547, 155, 8924 CXC-1612, CXC-1614 CXC-1612, CXC-1756 6212, XC-B221 6212, XK-614 4205, 5218, XK-635 6212, XC-B221 6212, XK-614 XC-B221, XK-604 XC-B221, XK-604, XM-332 188, A307, XM-366 188, XM-366, XM-366 A307, A308, A307, A308 188, XM-366, XM-337 320-100 320-100 XM-B301, 7301 320-100 A307, A308 320, 320-100 320W, 350W 501, 511, 555 A503, A504 152, A503 1151, 1552 1352, 1652
Polyester Polyols, Urethane Diols and Specialty Modifiers describes three distinct product lines of specialty polyols and resin modifiers consisting of the following chemistries: POLYESTER POLYOLS are based upon low molecular weight linear, saturated, aliphatic structures with primary hydroxyl groups. They are used in both coatings and elastomers. URETHANE DIOLS are novel, hydroxyl functional, water soluble low molecular weight diols with an all-urethane backbone. SPECIALTY PRODUCTS include two 100% active, acetoacetate functional reactive diluents. XM-B301 and 7301 are particularly effective in epoxy/ polyamide primers and systems crosslinked with amino resins or polyisocyanates. RESIN MODIFIERS PRODUCT SELECTION CHARTS XM-366 Flow & Leveling 188 Plastics Adhesion 7301 Corrosion Primer Waterborne Flow & Leveling Adhesion, Hardness and Co-solvent Replacement 188 Improved flexibility & salt spray Melamine/Urea Crosslinked Systems 188 Hardness Flexibility XM-366 Lower VOC XM-332 Lowest VOC Basecoat Waterborne Flow & Leveling Hardness Co-Solvent Replacement A308 More Hydrophobic Better Flexibility Topcoat/Clearcoat 188 Best Exterior Durability Hardness & Flexibility XM-366 Flexibility/Hardness A308 Best Mar/Scratch Waterborne Co-Solvent Replacement Higher Gloss 188 Improved flexibility & salt spray SOLVENT BASED 2K Epoxy, Primers and Adhesives XM-B301 Most Hydrophobic 188 Exterior Durability Balance Hardness and Flexibility 2K Urethanes Solventless Waterborne Cast Elastomers (2K Polyurethane) XM-366 Good Balance Hardness/Flexibility 188 Most Hydrophobic Best Hydrolytic Stability XM-337 Highest Tg/Hardness 7301 Lighter Color Lower Viscosity XM-366 Softer - Lower VOC Good Balance Hardness/Flexibility XM-332 Softer Lowest VOC A308 Easier Incorporation 188 Good Resiliency Hardness/Flexibility XM-332 Lowest VOC A308 Lowest Tg/Softest A307 Lowest NCO
Polyester Polyols HOCH 2 R CH 2 OOC /W\ COOCH 2 R CH 2 OH Solubility & Compliant Coatings Use in Coatings 100% active polyester polyols are used primarily as modifiers for acrylic, alkyd, epoxy and polyester formulations with melamine or polyisocyanate crosslinkers. Typical modification levels are 5 to 15% on total resin solids. The low molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution of polyesters allow the formulation of higher solids coatings. Primary hydroxyl groups provide high reactivity for lower temperature cure. polyester polyols are used to: Increase film flexibility Improve resistance properties Reduce VOC s - increase solids Achieve higher crosslink density Improve cure adhesion PRODUCT Hydroxyl # On Solids 188 Viscosity 25 C (cps) Tg 230 10,000-32 C Most polyesters have a narrow molecular weight distribution (MWD). As a result, they have excellent compatibility with a wide range of resins and excellent solubility across a broad range of solvents and solubility parameters including some of the more difficult solvents like PC - propylene carbonate, DMC - dimethyl carbonate, acetone, TBA - t-butyl acetate and p-chlorobenzotrifluoride (OXSOL 100*). Additionally, as shown in the photo, polyesters can be used to compatibilize other resins into these solvents. The narrow MWD also provides for an efficient reduction in viscosity with a low level of solvent to achieve VOC compliance. The polyesters tend to be soluble in most solvents, but not in aliphatic hydrocarbons or in water. Ketones tend to be very efficient solvents for them and one can achieve a spray viscosity at about 80% solids in MIBK. Attributes/Uses Improves flexibility, salt spray and humidity resistance while maintaining hardness. Highest reactivity. Excellent adhesion to many substrates including plastics. Highly recommended for 2K urethane applications. POLYESTER POLYOLS A308 260 1,500-59 C Similar to 188 but the low viscosity combined with the higher hydroxyl number gives good hardness and adhesion while allowing lower VOC levels. Best mar/scratch resistance. XM-366 270 2,000-45 C Excellent flexibility, gloss and hardness. 148 235 3,750-42 C Improves flexibility and adhesion. Recommended for primers. Good flow and leveling. A307 140 5,400-50 C Flexibility modifier for acrylic/isocyanate and acrylic/melamine systems. The low hydroxyl number minimizes the crosslinker demand. XM-332 265 400-68 C Lowest viscosity for lowest VOC. Softest films. XM-337 220 70,000-20 C Offers high hardness, high impact resistance and abrasion resistance. Pages 19 & 20 XM-359 230 9,800-32 C Optically clear systems. Designed to provide long pot life in 2K urethanes and to prevent yellowing caused by benzotriazole type UV absorbers. * OXSOL is registered trademark of Makhteshim Agan Group.
Use & Performance In Coatings Use In Light Stable Cast Elastomers POLYESTER POLYOLS Coatings: Isocyanate Crosslinked Systems polyester polyols are effective modifiers for most 2-component polyurethane systems. Performance advantages include lower VOC, improved adhesion, increased flexibility and elongation, higher tensile strength, humidity resistance and abrasion resistance. For example, the table below details the VOC reduction and improvement of mechanical properties of a high solids 2K acrylic polyurethane system, modified with 16% 188 (King Formulation API-5). Performance Control 2K Acrylic/ PU 16 % 188 Modification VOC, lbs/gal. 3.28 3.02 Tensile Strength (psi) 2,900 3,300 % Elongation 22.7% 51.8% Taber Abrasion Adhesion Studies 119 (mg loss) Florida Exposure - Exterior Durability 87 (mg loss) As shown below, an acrylic clearcoat over a white base coat was modified with 188 at 16% TRS and subjected to three years of Florida Exposure resulting in minimal change in gloss where the control showed a steady and significant reduction in gloss over time. 3 Years Florida Exposure (5 South) Acrylic Clearcoat (Paraloid AU-946*/Desmodur N 3300**) 89 87 85 83 81 79 77 75 0 6 12 18 24 30 36 188 Months in Florida * Dow Chemical Company, **Bayer Material Science Acrylic Control polyester polyols have demonstrated excellent adhesion to many substrates including many plastics. 188, A307 and A308 were found to have excellent adhesion to Xenoy *, ABS, RIM, RRIM, SMC, PVC and polycarbonate using both an HMMM crosslinker and HDI isocyanurate crosslinker. * Xenoy is a registered trademark of SABIC Innovative Plastics polyester polyols have proven to be effective in light stable cast elastomers where a combination of optical clarity and mechanical properties are sought. In addition to the mechanical properties shown in the table that follows, XM-359 offers excellent optical clarity and transparency as shown in the photo to the left. XM-359 Mechanical Properties - 1/4 Casting* /HDI Biuret (1:04:1.00 ratio) Mechanical Properties Tensile Strength*, psi (ASTM D 412) Modulus*, psi (ASTM D 412) Strain at max*, (%) (ASTM D 412) Shore A** (ASTM D 2240) Shore D** (ASTM D 2240) XM-337 * 1/4 Thick Casting, ** 5/8 Thick Casting XM-359 XM-332 3,821 3,723 250 141,232 4,600 812 79 146 36 95+ 95+ 70 80 67 27 Formulating With Modifiers polyesters and urethane diols can be added to the grind or letdown with no special incorporation techniques. To formulate a high solids pigment grind the addition of at least 5% of a high solids acrylic resin is recommended in combination with a K-SPERSE dispersant. Isocyanate Ratios The high hydroxyl number of products necessitate a careful calculation of the isocyanate ratio to assure complete crosslinking of the polyol hydroxyl groups. A NCO:OH ratio of 1.04:1.00 to 1.10:1.00 is typical. A307 has the lowest isocyanate demand. Melamine Ratio Due to the high hydroxyl number of modifiers (with the exception of A307), a ratio of / HMMM of 60 / 40 is normally recommended. This provides a 1 / 1 equivalent of hydroxyl group to methylol group, assuming an equivalent weight of 160 g/eq for HMMM. Properties may be adjusted for higher hardness with a lower / HMMM ratio or improved flexibility with a higher / HMMM ratio. A307 has a lower crossliner demand and therefore does not require the higher levels of HMMM. Adjustments in melamine levels should be made based on equivalent weights for other types of melamines (high imino, polymeric, etc ).
Urethane Diols O HO OCN NCO O OH Advantages In Waterborne Coatings Urethane diols are low molecular weight (MW) diols with an aliphatic urethane backbone and a narrow MW distribution. They allow the formulation of higher solids, lower VOC waterborne (WB) coatings. They have been developed to help achieve VOC compliance with the added benefit of improved film performance. Their low molecular weight provides a higher crosslink density yielding harder films with greater exterior durability. The urethane diols are useful in various industrial systems, such as: Amino crosslinked systems 2-component polyurethanes Blocked Isocyanates Prepolymer synthesis The UD aliphatic urethane backbone provides excellent hydrolytic stability. It also allows the incorporation of aliphatic urethane functionality possible without the use of isocyanates. urethane diols are soluble in water and most polar organic solvents, in the absence of surfactants, neutralizing amines and co-solvents. They are not soluble in more hydrophobic solvents like aliphatic hydrocarbons or aromatics. However, varying levels of hydrophobic solvents can be tolerated depending on the solubility parameters of the other solvents present. Replace volatile co-solvents with a non-volatile reactive diol Lower VOC (higher solids) Higher film build without an increase in viscosity Improved flow and leveling More continuous film/higher gloss Improved resistance properties Higher hardness Improved wet adhesion Improved stain resistance Anti-skinning thermoset dip Lowering VOC s In Waterborne Systems was used to replace 2-butoxyethanol co-solvent in a Joncryl 540 / HMMM white baking enamel at 5%, 10% and 15%. This co-solvent replacement resulted in significant VOC reductions, as can be seen below: VOC (lbs/gal) 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 5 10 15 % M odification on TRS URETHANE DIOLS PRODUCT Composition On Solids Hydroxyl Acid Number Number Viscosity 25 C (cps) Attributes/Uses UD-320W 88% Active Urethane Diol In Water 350 < 1 4,000 Water soluble in absence of surfactants, amines and co-solvent. Higher solids, improved flow, gloss, hardness and resistance properties. UD-320 82% Active Urethane Diol in Propylene Glycol Mono- Methylether Acetate 350 <1 9,000 Increases application solids and hardness. Improves chemical resistance, exterior durability and hydrolytic stability. UD-320-100 100% Active Urethane Diol 350 <1 7,000 at 50 C Prepolymer synthesis. For water or solvent. Preparation of polyester urethanes. Pages 21 & 22
Performance In Coatings Waterborne Systems Improved Flow/Leveling & Higher Gloss The water solubility of the urethane diol provides improved wetting over various substrates, as well as, improved flow and leveling. The end result is higher gloss waterborne coatings as can be seen below. HMMM Baking Enamels, Gloss Improvement Gloss 60º/20º, % Reflectance % UD-320W On TRS Solventborne & Solventless Systems Advantages In Solventborne and Solventless Systems Higher solids (lower VOC) Higher hardness Improved resistance to humidity, QUV and exterior exposure Improved resistance to solvents and chemicals Greater viscosity stability URETHANE DIOLS System 0% 10% 15% Joncryl 540 Acrylic Emulsion (King Formulation UDW-12) Kelsol 3961-B2G-75 Chain Stopped Alkyd (King Formulation UDW-15) Acrysol WS-68 Water Reducible Acrylic (King Formulation UDW-4) 84/15 92/29 93/73 91/65 94/76 90/67 89/69 89/74 Joncryl 540 - BASF Resins, Kelsol 3961-B2G-75 - Reichhold, Inc. Acrysol WS-68 - Dow Chemical Improved Properties The urethane backbone of the urethane diols provides excellent hydrolytic stability for long term storage in waterborne formulations. This excellent hydrolytic stability also provides improvements in the humidity, salt spray and boiling water resistance of fully crosslinked films. The results shown demonstrate these improvements for two waterborne polyester/hmmm baking enamels. HMMM Crosslinked Baking Enamels Properties 11% Modification On Total Resin Solids System Polymac WR 72-7203 Water Reducible Polyester Humidity (350 hrs) 60º Gloss* Salt Spray (350 hrs) Blister/ mm creep** Boiling Water (1 hour) Blister Control 5 4D/2 8D 59 4F/1 10 Performance In Solventborne Systems Even with low level UD-320 modification, a decrease of VOC is possible while boosting performance of the overall formulation Low level modification of melamine crosslinked systems resulted in harder films with improved QUV resistance and exterior durability. Modification of 2-component acrylics polyurethanes provided harder and more flexible films with improved exterior durability. 3 Years Florida Exposure (5 South) 5% UD-320-100 Modification - Polyester Clearcoat Over White Basecoat 20 Gloss 951 901 851 801 751 701 651 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 2 1 2 7 3 0 3 6 Months in Florida UD-320-100 Control Kelsol 301-W-39 Water Reducible Polyester Control 79 4D/10 6D 82 4D/3 10 * ASTM D 2247, ** ASTM B 177, D=Dense, F=Few, M=Medium, Blisters: 10 = no attack. Polymac 72-7203 - Hexion Specialty Chemicals, Kelsol 301-W-39 - Reichhold