POLAR COVALENT BOND 1 P

POLAR COVALENT BOND 1 P HP OXYGEN HIGHER ELECTRO- O WATER MOLECULE HYDROGEN LOWER ELECTRO- H BOND BOND H ELECTRO- = 3.5 ELECTRO- = 2.1 ELECTRO- = 2.1 = E-

POLAR COVALENT BOND +/- - 1 P? CHARGE OXYGEN HIGHER ELECTRO- O WATER MOLECULE HYDROGEN LOWER ELECTRO- H BOND BOND H ELECTRO- = 3.5 = E- +? CHARGE ELECTRO- = 2.1 ELECTRO- = 2.1 HIGHLY POLAR

I PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER POLAR SOLUTE = POLAR SOLUTE +/-

+/- PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER BILAYER INHIBITS PASSAGE POLAR SOLUTES = POLAR SOLUTE +/-

PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER WATER POLAR = WATER +/-

= WATER +/-

= WATER +/- >

w WATER MOVES FREELY ACROSS PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER = WATER +/-

IN WATER S SMALL MOLECULE SIZE PERMITS PASSAGE = WATER +/-

^ PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER INEFFICIENT WATER PASSAGE = WATER +/-

AQUAPORIN PROTEINS

AP PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER = WATER +/-

= WATER +/- AQUAPORIN PROTEIN

= WATER +/- AQUAPORIN PROTEIN

> AQUAPORIN PROTEIN = WATER +/-

AP WATER MOVES FREELY ACROSS AQUAPORIN PROTEIN = WATER +/-

AQUAPORIN PROTEIN

AQUAPORIN PROTEIN WATER SPECIFIC CHANNEL PROTEIN AQUAPORIN PROTEIN

WC AQUAPORIN PROTEIN = WATER +/-

CHANNEL PERMITS WATER PASSAGE WATER SPECIFIC CHANNEL = WATER +/-

= WATER +/- CHANNEL PERMITS WATER PASSAGE

EF CHANNEL PERMITS WATER PASSAGE = WATER +/-

^ AQUAPORIN PROTEIN EFFICIENT WATER PASSAGE = WATER +/-

WATER MEMBRANE TRANSPORT SUMMARY

= WATER +/- PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER

= WATER +/-

= WATER +/- W

IN WATER MOVES FREELY ACROSS PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER = WATER +/-

^ PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER INEFFICIENT WATER PASSAGE = WATER +/-

= WATER +/- AQUAPORIN PROTEIN

= WATER +/- AQUAPORIN PROTEIN

W AQUAPORIN PROTEIN = WATER +/-

EF WATER MOVES FREELY ACROSS AQUAPORIN PROTEIN = WATER +/-

^ S AQUAPORIN PROTEIN EFFICIENT WATER PASSAGE = WATER +/-

= WATER +/- BIOLOGY MEMBRANE

? WATER = WATER MOVES +/- FREELY ACROSS BIOLOGY MEMBRANE

QUESTION A WHAT DO BIOLOGISTS CALL WATER PASSAGE ACROSS A MEMBRANE IN RESPONSE TO SOLUTE CONCENTRATION? QUESTION

ANSWER ^ OSMOSIS ANSWER

OSMOSIS O

OSMOSIS

OSMOSIS > WATER PASSAGE ACROSS MEMBRANE IN RESPONSE TO SOLUTE CONCENTRATION OSMOSIS

OSMOSIS O CELL A CELL B = WATER MOLECULE = POLAR SOLUTE MOLECULE = MEMBRANE

OSMOSIS W CELL A OSMOSIS CELL B = WATER MOLECULE = POLAR SOLUTE MOLECULE = MEMBRANE

CELL A OSMOSIS WATER VIA OSMOSIS CELL B = WATER MOLECULE = POLAR SOLUTE MOLECULE = MEMBRANE

OSMOSIS P CELL A WATER VIA OSMOSIS CELL B = WATER MOLECULE = POLAR SOLUTE MOLECULE = MEMBRANE

CELL A OSMOSIS PASSIVE CELL B A = WATER MOLECULE = POLAR SOLUTE MOLECULE = MEMBRANE

CELL A OSMOSIS ATP EXPENSE: NO CELL B ^ = WATER MOLECULE = POLAR SOLUTE MOLECULE = MEMBRANE

TONICITY TERMS T

TONICITY

TONICITY I SOLUTION SOLUTE CONCENTRATION TONICITY

ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS

ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS H EQUAL SOLUTE CONCENTRATION ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS

HYPOTONIC SOLUTION

HYPOTONIC SOLUTION H LOWER SOLUTE CONCENTRATION HYPOTONIC SOLUTION

HYPERTONIC SOLUTION

HYPERTONIC SOLUTION AP HIGHER SOLUTE CONCENTRATION HYPERTONIC SOLUTION

TONICITY TERMS APPLIED

CELL A TONICITY CELL B = WATER MOLECULE = MEMBRANE

TONICITY E CELL A CELL B = WATER MOLECULE = POLAR SOLUTE MOLECULE = MEMBRANE

TONICITY I CELL A CELL B EQUAL SOLUTE = WATER MOLECULE = POLAR SOLUTE MOLECULE = MEMBRANE

TONICITY ^ + CELL A CELL B ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS = WATER MOLECULE = POLAR SOLUTE MOLECULE = MEMBRANE

TONICITY CELL A CELL B = WATER MOLECULE = POLAR SOLUTE MOLECULE = MEMBRANE

TONICITY G CELL A CELL B = WATER MOLECULE = POLAR SOLUTE MOLECULE = MEMBRANE

TONICITY ^ + CELL A CELL B GRADIENT = WATER MOLECULE = POLAR SOLUTE MOLECULE = MEMBRANE

TONICITY L CELL A CELL B = WATER MOLECULE = POLAR SOLUTE MOLECULE = MEMBRANE

TONICITY HY CELL A CELL B LOW SOLUTE = WATER MOLECULE = POLAR SOLUTE MOLECULE = MEMBRANE

TONICITY H CELL A CELL B HYPOTONIC SOLUTION = WATER MOLECULE = POLAR SOLUTE MOLECULE = MEMBRANE

TONICITY HY CELL A CELL B HYPOTONIC SOLUTION HIGH SOLUTE = WATER MOLECULE = POLAR SOLUTE MOLECULE = MEMBRANE

TONICITY > CELL A CELL B HYPOTONIC SOLUTION HYPERTONIC SOLUTION = WATER MOLECULE = POLAR SOLUTE MOLECULE = MEMBRANE

HYPOTONIC > % SOLUTIONS & HYPERTONIC SOLUTIONS --- RELATIVE TERMS

HYPOTONIC & HYPERTONIC RELATIVE TERMS % B 25% SOLUTE CELL A

HYPOTONIC & HYPERTONIC RELATIVE TERMS HY A 25% SOLUTE 50% SOLUTE CELL A CELL B

HYPOTONIC & HYPERTONIC RELATIVE TERMS HY B 25% SOLUTE 50% SOLUTE HYPOTONIC CELL A CELL B

HYPOTONIC & HYPERTONIC RELATIVE TERMS % C 25% SOLUTE 50% SOLUTE HYPOTONIC HYPERTONIC CELL A CELL B

HYPOTONIC & HYPERTONIC RELATIVE TERMS HY B 25% SOLUTE 50% SOLUTE 75% SOLUTE HYPERTONIC CELL A CELL B CELL C

HYPOTONIC & HYPERTONIC RELATIVE TERMS HY C 25% SOLUTE 50% SOLUTE 75% SOLUTE HYPOTONIC CELL A CELL B CELL C

HYPOTONIC & HYPERTONIC RELATIVE TERMS R 25% SOLUTE 50% SOLUTE 75% SOLUTE HYPOTONIC HYPERTONIC CELL A CELL B CELL C

HYPOTONIC & HYPERTONIC RELATIVE TERMS HY B 25% SOLUTE 50% SOLUTE CELL A CELL B

HYPOTONIC & HYPERTONIC RELATIVE TERMS R 25% SOLUTE 50% SOLUTE HYPOTONIC HYPERTONIC CELL A CELL B

HYPOTONIC & HYPERTONIC RELATIVE TERMS HY B 50% SOLUTE 75% SOLUTE CELL B CELL C

HYPOTONIC & HYPERTONIC RELATIVE TERMS > 50% SOLUTE 75% SOLUTE HYPOTONIC HYPERTONIC CELL B CELL C

HYPOTONIC ^ SOLUTIONS & HYPERTONIC SOLUTIONS --- RELATIVE TERMS

^ OSMOSIS BONDED WATER VS OSMOSIS FREE WATER

OSMOSIS BONDED WATER

CELL A OSMOSIS CELL B = WATER MOLECULE POLAR = MEMBRANE

CELL A OSMOSIS CELL B W S = WATER MOLECULE POLAR = SOLUTE MOLECULE POLAR = MEMBRANE

BONDED WATER AT H - O + 8P - 8N 1 P PS + H 1 P SOLUTE POLAR WATER POLAR

BONDED WATER H + - 8P O - ATTRACT 1 P PS + 8N H 1 P SOLUTE POLAR WATER POLAR

BONDED WATER // H - O + - 8P 8N PS + 1 P H 1 P SOLUTE POLAR WATER POLAR

BONDED WATER BW H - O + - 8P PS + 1 P 8N H 1 P SOLUTE POLAR WATER POLAR // = HYDROGEN BOND

BONDED WATER H BONDED WATER - O + - 8P PS + 1 P 8N H 1 P SOLUTE POLAR WATER POLAR // = HYDROGEN BOND

BW CELL A OSMOSIS CELL B H-BONDS FORM = WATER MOLECULE POLAR = SOLUTE MOLECULE POLAR = MEMBRANE

CELL A OSMOSIS CELL B BONDED WATER = WATER MOLECULE POLAR = SOLUTE MOLECULE POLAR = MEMBRANE

CELL A OSMOSIS BONDED WATER CELL B BONDED WATER APPROACHES MEMBRANE BONDED WATER APPROACHES MEMBRANE = WATER MOLECULE POLAR = SOLUTE MOLECULE POLAR = MEMBRANE

CELL A OSMOSIS BONDED WATER CELL B BONDED WATER APPROACHES MEMBRANE BONDED WATER APPROACHES MEMBRANE = WATER MOLECULE POLAR = SOLUTE MOLECULE POLAR = MEMBRANE

CELL A OSMOSIS BONDED WATER CELL B BONDED WATER CONTACTS MEMBRANE BONDED WATER CONTACTS MEMBRANE = WATER MOLECULE POLAR = SOLUTE MOLECULE POLAR = MEMBRANE

OSMOSIS? CELL A BONDED WATER CELL B BONDED WATER DOES NOT CROSS MEMBRANE BONDED WATER DOES NOT CROSS MEMBRANE = WATER MOLECULE POLAR = SOLUTE MOLECULE POLAR = MEMBRANE

QUESTION ^ WHY DOES BONDED WATER NOT CROSS THE MEMBRANE? QUESTION

OSMOSIS BONDED WATER --- PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER

= WATER +/- PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER