LECTURE 6 MUSCLES OF TRUNK
Forma tion of somi
Formation of somite
Formation of somis
Formation of somite
Sources of muscle development Preotic myotomes Mesoderm of branchial arches Occipital myotomes Trunk myotomes
Myotome differentiation (3-5 weeks) somites Formation of somites myoblasts Myoblast migration (give rise to the muscles of extremities) dermatome myotome sclerotome Isolation in the somites dermatome, sclerotome, myotome
MUSCLES OF VENTRAL AND DORSAL ORIGIN
TRUNK MUSCLES The area of the body Muscle groups Functions Back muscles Superficial Deep The mobility of the upper extremity Movement of the body, maintaining posture Nuchal muscles of the neck Superficial Deep Suboccipital Chest muscles Superficial Deep The mobility of the head & neck, maintaining posture The mobility of the upper extremity Maintenance of posture, breath Diaphragm Abdominal muscles Muscles of the anterior, lateral and posterior abdominal wall Breath The mobility of the trunk Maintenance of posture Breath Abdominal tension Perineal muscles Muscles of the urogenital diaphragm Muscles of the pelvic diaphragm Creation of an abdominal tension
Trunk muscles Back muscles Chest muscles Abdominal muscles Back muscles (mm.dorsi) Superficial - m.trapezius - m.latissimus dorsi - m.levator scapulae - m.rhomboideus - m.serratus posterior superior - m.serratus posterior inferior Deep - m.splenius capitis et cervicis - m.erector spinae - m.transversospinalis - m.interspinales Chest muscles (mm.thoracis) Superficial - mm.pectorales major et minor - m.subclavius - m.serratus anterior Deep - mm.intercostales externi et interni - diaphragma
ABDOMINAL MUSCLES Muscles of the anterior abdominal wall - m.rectus abdominis - m.pyramidalis Muscles of the lateral abdominal wall - m.obliquus externus abdominis - m.obliquus internus abdominis - m.transversus abdominis Muscles of the posterior abdominal wall - m.quadratus lumborum
AUTOCHTHONOUS BACK MUSCLES AND THE MUSCLES - ALIENS
SUPERFICIAL BACK MUSCLES located superficially in 2 layers, developed in association with upper limb attached to the bones of the shoulder girdle and humerus 1-st superficial layer 2-nd superficial layer
DEEP BACK MUSCLES - are arranged in 3 layers, - autochthonous muscles - are attached to the skull, spine, ribs superficial layer of deep muscles middle layer of deep muscles deep layer of deep muscles
m.erector spinae Three muscles each with three regional parts. 1.m.spinalis:Spinalis thoracis Spinalis cervicis Spinalis capitis 2.m.longissimus:Longi capitis Longi cervicis Longi thoracis 3.m.iliocostalis:Iliocost cervicis Iliocost thoracis Iliocost capitis
m.transversospinalis Present between spinous process and transverse elements of vertebrae. Components: mm.rotatores: Rotators thoracis Rotators cervicis Rotators capitis mm.multifidi mm.semispinalis: Semi cervicis Semi thoracis Semi capitis
Nuchal muscles of the neck (deep) Action: extension of the head, the head tilts
Superficial chest muscles developed in connection with the upper limb, connect the upper limb to the thoracic cage
m.serratus anterior Origin: upper 8-9 ribs Insertion: medial margin & inferior angle of scapula Action: moves the scapula forward and laterally rotates the scapula participates in the forced inspiratory
Triangles of anterior chest wall
Triangles of anterior chest wall
DEEP CHEST MUSCLES
DIAPHRAGMA Costal part Sternal part Sternocostal triangle
Abdominal muscles form the basis of the anterior, lateral and posterior abdominal wall Include: m.rectus abdominis, m.obliquus externus abdominis, m.obliquus internus abdominis, m.transversus abdominis, m.pyramidalis, m.qudratus lumborum
The abdomen can be divided into nine arbitrary regions by the subcostal and transtubercular planes and the two midclavicular planes projected onto the surface of the body Abdominal regions 9 regions thus formed are: epigastrium; right and left hypochondrium; central or umbilical; right and left lumbar; hypogastrium or suprapubic; right and left iliac fossa.
m.obliquus externus abdominis Origin: lower 8 ribs Insertion: the iliac crest, the pubic tubercle Action: flexes the spine down rib rotates the body to the opposite direction
m.obliquus internus abdominis Origin: the iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, lateral portion of the inguinal ligament Insertion: lower ribs Action: flexes the spine, ribs down, rotate the body in his side, raises the pelvis
MUSCLES OF THE LATERAL ABDOMINAL WALL Origin: 6 lower ribs, deep plate of thoraco-lumbar fascia, iliac crest, lateral portion of inguinal ligament Insertion: enters to aponeurosis forming the rectus sheath Action: muscle of abdominal tension MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL Origin: iliac crest, lumbar-iliac ligament, transverse processes of lower lumbar vertabrae Insertion: inferior margin of 12 rib, transverse processes of upper lumbar vertabrae Action: participates in maintenance of the vertical position the spine
MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL m.rectus abdominis Origin: pubic pecten, pubuc symphisis Insertion: xiphoid process, cartilages of 5-7 ribs Action: muscle of abdominal tension, flexes the spine raises the pelvis
INGUINAL CHANEL
INTERNAL SURFACE OF THE ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL
POSTERIOR WALL OF THE RECTAL SHEATH
WALLS OF THE RECTUS SHEATH AT DIFFERENT LEVELS
Transverse sections of the rectus sheath seen at three levels. C. Below B. Between the level the costal of the A. margin anterior Above and superior the level costal of iliac the margin. spine anterior and superior above iliac the pubis spine.
Places of herniation
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