CANCER of the THYROID

CANCER of the THYROID Data Highlights In Pennsylvania, white females had the highest average annual (1994-98) age-adjusted incidence rate for thyroid cancer (7.9 per 100,000). The rate for males (2.9) was less than half that of females. Nearly 33 percent of the thyroid cancer cases diagnosed between 1994 and 1998 occurred among residents under 40 years of age. Thyroid cancer is one of the rarer types. However, the annual age-adjusted incidence rates have been rising among females and, in recent years, among males. In 1998, the 954 cases of thyroid cancer were the highest number ever reported to the Pennsylvania Cancer Registry. The 1998 age-adjusted incidence rate was 6.7 per 100,000, compared to 3.5 in 1989. Higher incidence rates among females suggest the role of hormonal factors in the etiology. From 1989 through 1998, the annual age-adjusted incidence rates for white females more than doubled, from 4.8 to 9.9 per 100,000. Among black females the rate rose 135 percent, from 3.1 to 7.3. Seventy-two percent of all the 1998 cases of thyroid cancer were diagnosed in the localized stage of the disease. Unlike the incidence rates, the average annual (1994-98) age-adjusted death rates for cancer of the thyroid were the same for males and females, per 100,000. Black females had the highest average annual rate with 0.6, while black males had the lowest rate (0.1). In 1998, there were 62 thyroid cancer deaths among Pennsylvania residents, 40 of which were for females. The instability of the annual age-adjusted death rates, due to the small numbers of deaths each year, makes it difficult to interpret the mortality trends by sex and race from 1989 to 1998. FIGURE 20 Average Annual Age-Adjusted Incidence and Mortality Rates* by Sex and Race, Incidence Mortality Race/Sex All Cases/Deaths All Males All Females 0.1 1.9 2.9 3.0 5.4 7.8 0.6 5.7 7.9 0 3 6 9 Age-Adjusted Rate Risk Factors Ionizing radiation. Etiological factors are obscure. *per 100,000 1970 U.S. standard million population. Early Detection The effectiveness of screening in reducing mortality for high risk populations has not been evaluated. Pennsylvania Department of Health - Pennsylvania Cancer Incidence and Mortality 1994-1998 - Page 172

Cancer of the Thyroid: INCIDENCE TABLE 20-A Number of Cancer Cases, Age-Adjusted Incidence Rates and 95% Confidence Intervals by Sex, Race and Year, Pennsylvania Residents, 1989-1998 All Cases* All Races* White Black All Races* White Black Year No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate (CI) (CI) (CI) (CI) (CI) (CI) (CI) 1998 954 6.7 232 3.5 213 3.5 11 2.2 722 9.8 651 9.9 48 7.3 (6.3-7.1) (3.0-4.0) (3.0-4.0) (0.9-3.5) (9.1-10.5) (9.1-10.7) (5.2-9.4) 1997 852 5.9 215 3.2 196 3.2 16 3.2 637 8.4 573 8.5 43 6.6 (5.5-6.3) (2.8-3.6) (2.8-3.6) (1.6-4.8) (7.7-9.1) (7.8-9.2) (4.6-8.6) 1996 773 5.4 180 2.7 171 2.8 6 1.2 593 7.9 531 8.0 45 6.7 (5.0-5.8) (2.3-3.1) (2.4-3.2) (0.2-2.2) (7.3-8.5) (7.3-8.7) (4.7-8.7) 1995 720 5.0 203 3.0 192 3.2 8 1.5 517 6.9 479 7.2 29 4.5 (4.6-5.4) (2.6-3.4) (2.7-3.7) (0.5-2.5) (6.3-7.5) (6.6-7.8) (2.9-6.1) 1994 607 4.2 148 2.2 139 2.2 5 1.1 459 6.1 415 6.2 24 3.6 (3.9-4.5) (1.8-2.6) (1.8-2.6) (0.1-2.1) (5.5-6.7) (5.6-6.8) (2.2-5.0) 1993 643 4.6 179 2.8 172 2.9 5 1.0 464 6.4 432 6.6 27 4.3 (4.2-5.0) (2.4-3.2) (2.5-3.3) (0.1-1.9) (5.8-7.0) (6.0-7.2) (2.7-5.9) 1992 557 4.0 177 2.7 164 2.8 10 2.3 379 5.2 346 5.2 21 3.5 (3.7-4.3) (2.3-3.1) (2.4-3.2) (0.9-3.7) (4.7-5.7) (4.7-5.7) (2.0-5.0) 1991 531 3.7 151 2.3 139 2.3 11 2.3 380 5.0 350 5.1 23 3.7 (3.4-4.0) (1.9-2.7) (1.9-2.7) (0.9-3.7) (4.5-5.5) (4.6-5.6) (2.2-5.2) 1990 505 3.5 135 2.1 132 2.3 1 0.1 370 4.9 342 5.0 16 2.5 (3.2-3.8) (1.7-2.5) (1.9-2.7) (0.0-0.3) (4.4-5.4) (4.5-5.5) (1.3-3.7) 1989 484 3.5 138 2.2 136 2.3 2 0.5 346 4.7 322 4.8 19 3.1 (3.2-3.8) (1.8-2.6) (1.9-2.7) (0.0-1.2) (4.2-5.2) (4.3-5.3) (1.7-4.5) * Includes any unknowns. NOTES: Age-adjusted rates are per 100,000 and are computed by the direct method using the 1970 U.S. standard million population. Rates based on less than 20 events are considered statistically unreliable. CI = 95% confidence interval based on a formula for estimating the standard error or SE (see Technical Notes). FIGURE 20-A Age-Adjusted Incidence Rates by Sex and Race Pennsylvania Residents, 1989-1998 12 8 Rate per 100,000 4 0 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Year Pennsylvania Department of Health - Pennsylvania Cancer Incidence and Mortality 1994-1998 - Page 173

Cancer of the Thyroid: INCIDENCE TABLE 20-B Average Annual Age-Specific Incidence Rates by Sex and Race Age Group All Cases All Races White Black All Races White Black Total 6.5 3.4 3.5 1.7 9.4 9.6 6.1 Under 5 0.0 0.1 0.1 - - - - 5-9 0.1 0.1 0.2-0.1 0.1-10-14 0.3 0.3-0.5 0.5 15-19 1.4 2.4 2.6 1.3 20-24 3.8 1.1 1.1 0.9 6.5 6.8 1.7 25-29 6.5 2.0 2.2 0.9 11.0 11.5 4.9 30-34 7.8 3.3 3.3 0.9 12.2 12.7 7.7 35-39 9.6 3.4 3.3 2.4 15.6 16.1 4.3 40-44 9.0 4.5 4.8 1.6 13.3 13.1 12.5 45-49 10.2 5.7 5.8 3.3 14.6 14.9 9.7 50-54 10.1 5.0 5.2 2.5 14.8 15.2 1 55-59 9.3 6.4 6.5 6.1 12.1 11.7 11.3 60-64 9.3 6.6 6.6 5.9 11.7 11.4 14.2 65-69 10.6 7.6 7.7 5.4 12.9 12.6 14.3 70-74 12.1 9.1 9.2 5.0 14.3 13.8 20.0 75-79 10.1 8.4 8.8 2.3 11.3 11.0 11.2 80-84 8.1 5.1 4.5 11.1 9.8 9.5 11.7 85+ 5.5 3.8 3.7 5.2 6.2 6.4 4.1 NOTE: Rates are per 100,000 population (1994-1998) for each specified group. FIGURE 20-B Average Annual Age-Specific Incidence Rates by Sex and Race 25 20 Rate per 100,000 15 10 5 0 Under 5 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 Age Group 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85+ Pennsylvania Department of Health - Pennsylvania Cancer Incidence and Mortality 1994-1998 - Page 174

Cancer of the Thyroid: INCIDENCE TABLE 20-C Total Number of Cancer Cases by Age, Sex and Race Age Group All Cases* All Races* White Black All Races* White Black Total 3,906 978 911 46 2,928 2,649 189 Under 5 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 5-9 5 3 3 0 2 2 0 10-14 16 6 6 0 10 9 1 15-19 59 9 8 1 50 47 3 20-24 154 22 20 2 132 120 4 25-29 260 41 38 2 219 198 11 30-34 345 73 65 2 272 248 18 35-39 441 77 68 5 364 333 10 40-44 403 100 95 3 303 265 27 45-49 411 111 104 5 300 275 18 50-54 341 82 78 3 259 239 16 55-59 272 88 82 6 184 161 15 60-64 252 82 76 5 170 150 17 65-69 280 89 84 4 191 172 15 70-74 295 93 88 3 202 181 18 75-79 199 64 63 1 135 124 8 80-84 108 24 20 3 84 76 6 85+ 64 13 12 1 51 49 2 * Includes any unknowns. FIGURE 20-C Stage of Disease at Diagnosis, Percent by Sex and Race Pennsylvania Residents, 1998 100 In Situ Local 80 75.2 78.7 Regional Distant 60 61.5 54.5 Percent 40 29.3 27.3 20 18.2 20.6 19.1 0 9.3 4.0 0.2 2.1 Number and Percent of Cases Microscopically Confirmed: 951-99.7% Pennsylvania Department of Health - Pennsylvania Cancer Incidence and Mortality 1994-1998 - Page 175

Cancer of the Thyroid: MORTALITY TABLE 20-D Number of Cancer Deaths, Age-Adjusted Death Rates and 95% Confidence Intervals by Sex, Race and Year, Pennsylvania Residents, 1989-1998 All Deaths* All Races* White Black All Races* White Black Year No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate (CI) (CI) (CI) (CI) (CI) (CI) (CI) 1998 62 22 0.3 22 0.3 0-40 34 5 0.8 (0.3-0.5) (0.2-) (0.2-) (0.3-0.5) (0.3-0.5) (0.1-1.5) 1997 79 33 0.5 32 0.5 1 0.2 46 37 8 1.3 (0.3-0.5) (0.3-0.7) (0.3-0.7) (0.0-0.6) (0.3-0.5) (0.3-0.5) (-2.2) 1996 67 21 0.3 21 0.3 0-46 43 2 0.2 (0.3-0.5) (0.2-) (0.2-) (0.3-0.5) (0.3-0.5) (0.0-0.5) 1995 62 22 0.3 22 0.3 0-40 37 3 (0.3-0.5) (0.2-) (0.2-) (0.3-0.5) (0.3-0.5) (0.0-0.9) 1994 69 27 26 1 0.2 42 38 4 0.5 (0.3-0.5) (0.2-0.6) (0.2-0.6) (0.0-0.6) (0.3-0.5) (0.3-0.5) (0.0-1.0) 1993 79 26 25 1 0.2 53 0.5 47 6 1.0 (0.3-0.5) (0.2-0.6) (0.2-0.6) (0.0-0.6) (-0.6) (0.3-0.5) (0.2-1.8) 1992 68 30 28 0.5 2 38 0.3 36 0.3 2 0.3 (0.3-0.5) (0.3-0.5) (0.3-0.7) (0.0-1.0) (0.2-) (0.2-) (0.0-0.7) 1991 57 0.3 25 24 1 0.2 32 0.3 28 0.3 3 0.5 (0.2-) (0.2-0.6) (0.2-0.6) (0.0-0.6) (0.2-) (0.2-) (0.0-1.1) 1990 65 15 0.2 15 0.2 0-50 0.5 47 0.5 2 0.3 (0.3-0.5) (0.1-0.3) (0.1-0.3) (-0.6) (-0.6) (0.0-0.7) 1989 74 32 0.5 26 6 1.5 42 39 3 0.5 (0.3-0.5) (0.3-0.7) (0.2-0.6) (0.3-2.7) (0.3-0.5) (0.3-0.5) (0.0-1.1) * Includes any unknowns. NOTES: Age-adjusted rates are per 100,000 and are computed by the direct method using the 1970 U.S. standard million population. Rates based on less than 20 events are considered statistically unreliable. CI = 95% confidence interval based on a formula for estimating the standard error or SE (see Technical Notes). FIGURE 20-D Age-Adjusted Death Rates by Sex and Race Pennsylvania Residents, 1989-1998 2.0 1.5 Rate per 100,000 1.0 0.5 0.0 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Year Pennsylvania Department of Health - Pennsylvania Cancer Incidence and Mortality 1994-1998 - Page 176

Cancer of the Thyroid: MORTALITY TABLE 20-E Number of Deaths and Average Annual Age-Specific Death Rates by Sex and Race All Deaths* All Races* White Black All Races* White Black Age Group No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate Total* 339 0.6 125 123 0.5 2 0.1 214 0.7 189 0.7 22 0.7 Under 5 0-0 - 0-0 - 0-0 - 0-5-9 0-0 - 0-0 - 0-0 - 0-10-14 0-0 - 0-0 - 0-0 - 0-15-19 1 0.0 0-0 - 0-1 0.0 1 0.1 0-20-24 1 0.0 0-0 - 0-1 0.0 1 0.1 0-25-29 0-0 - 0-0 - 0-0 - 0-30-34 2 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.1 0-1 0.0 1 0.1 0-35-39 4 0.1 2 0.1 2 0.1 0-2 0.1 2 0.1 0-40-44 3 0.1 2 0.1 2 0.1 0-1 0.0 1 0.0 0-45-49 11 0.3 5 0.3 5 0.3 0-6 0.3 5 0.3 0-50-54 16 0.5 8 0.5 8 0.5 0-8 0.5 8 0.5 0-55-59 21 0.7 7 0.5 7 0.6 0-14 0.9 13 0.9 1 0.8 60-64 31 1.2 17 1.4 17 1.5 0-14 1.0 10 0.8 3 2.5 65-69 44 1.7 22 1.9 21 1.9 1 1.3 22 1.5 17 1.2 4 3.8 70-74 59 2.4 23 2.3 23 2.4 0-36 2.6 30 2.3 6 6.7 75-79 47 2.4 14 1.8 14 1.9 0-33 2.8 28 2.5 5 7.0 80-84 50 3.8 14 3.0 13 2.9 1 3.7 36 4.2 34 4.3 2 3.9 85+ 49 4.2 10 2.9 10 3.1 0-39 4.7 38 4.9 1 2.0 * Includes any unknowns. NOTE: Rates are per 100,000 population (1994-1998) for each specified group. FIGURE 20-E Average Annual Age-Specific Death Rates by Sex and Race 10 8 Rate per 100,000 6 4 2 0 Under 5 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85+ Age Group Pennsylvania Department of Health - Pennsylvania Cancer Incidence and Mortality 1994-1998 - Page 177

Cancer of the Thyroid: INCIDENCE TABLE 20-F Number of Cases, Average Annual Age-Adjusted Incidence Rates and 95% Confidence Intervals by County and Sex, Total Total County Cases No. Rate (CI) No. Rate (CI) County Cases No. Rate (CI) No. Rate (CI) All Counties 3,906 978 2.9 (2.7-3.1) 2,928 7.8 (7.5-8.1) Adams 21 4 1.8 (0.0-3.6) 17 6.6 (3.5-9.7) Juniata 3 1 1.8 (0.0-5.3) 2 4.0 (0.0-9.5) Allegheny 403 114 3.1 (2.5-3.7) 289 6.8 (6.0-7.6) Lackawanna 51 16 2.6 (1.3-3.9) 35 5.4 (3.6-7.2) Armstrong 16 4 2.3 (0.0-4.6) 12 5.2 (2.3-8.1) Lancaster 211 49 4.1 (3.0-5.2) 162 12.4 (10.5-14.3) Beaver 53 11 2.0 (0.8-3.2) 42 7.3 (5.1-9.5) Lawrence 22 2 0.6 (0.0-1.4) 20 6.6 (3.7-9.5) Bedford 13 1 0.6 (0.0-1.8) 12 9.4 (4.1-14.7) Lebanon 48 13 3.7 (1.7-5.7) 35 9.6 (6.4-12.8) Berks 108 24 2.3 (1.4-3.2) 84 8.2 (6.4-10.0) Lehigh 141 45 5.1 (3.6-6.6) 96 10.2 (8.2-12.2) Blair 35 11 2.9 (1.2-4.6) 24 5.3 (3.2-7.4) Luzerne 137 23 2.4 (1.4-3.4) 114 1 (8.5-12.3) Bradford 15 3 1.5 (0.0-3.2) 12 6.6 (2.9-10.3) Lycoming 35 10 2.9 (1.1-4.7) 25 7.2 (4.4-10.0) Bucks 234 60 3.8 (2.8-4.8) 174 9.8 (8.3-11.3) McKean 5 1 0.6 (0.0-1.8) 4 3.3 (0.1-6.5) Butler 45 15 3.2 (1.6-4.8) 30 6.2 (4.0-8.4) Mercer 19 7 2.1 (0.5-3.7) 12 3.4 (1.5-5.3) Cambria 52 14 2.8 (1.3-4.3) 38 7.6 (5.2-10.0) Mifflin 12 1 0.7 (0.0-2.1) 11 7.9 (3.2-12.6) Cameron 2 0-2 8.7 (0.0-20.8) Monroe 43 7 2.0 (0.5-3.5) 36 10.6 (7.1-14.1) Carbon 19 6 3.1 (0.6-5.6) 13 6.2 (2.8-9.6) Montgomery 306 84 4.1 (3.2-5.0) 222 9.9 (8.6-11.2) Centre 36 5 1.7 (0.2-3.2) 31 9.0 (5.8-12.2) Montour 4 0-4 6.5 (0.1-12.9) Chester 117 37 3.2 (2.2-4.2) 80 6.2 (4.8-7.6) Northampton 126 29 4.1 (2.6-5.6) 97 12.3 (9.9-14.7) Clarion 8 1 0.9 (0.0-2.7) 7 5.6 (1.5-9.7) Northumberland 33 12 4.3 (1.9-6.7) 21 5.8 (3.3-8.3) Clearfield 25 4 1.8 (0.0-3.6) 21 9.0 (5.2-12.8) Perry 18 4 3.0 (0.1-5.9) 14 10.9 (5.2-16.6) Clinton 18 4 3.8 (0.1-7.5) 14 13.1 (6.2-20.0) Philadelphia 418 95 2.5 (2.0-3.0) 323 7.0 (6.2-7.8) Columbia 17 4 2.4 (0.0-4.8) 13 6.7 (3.1-10.3) Pike 6 2 1.5 (0.0-3.6) 4 3.3 (0.1-6.5) Crawford 14 4 1.8 (0.0-3.6) 10 3.4 (1.3-5.5) Potter 3 0-3 6.2 (0.0-13.2) Cumberland 65 18 3.1 (1.7-4.5) 47 7.3 (5.2-9.4) Schuylkill 55 17 3.6 (1.9-5.3) 38 7.8 (5.3-10.3) Dauphin 85 22 3.5 (2.0-5.0) 63 8.0 (6.0-10.0) Snyder 15 3 3.1 (0.0-6.6) 12 9.3 (4.0-14.6) Delaware 147 41 2.7 (1.9-3.5) 106 6.3 (5.1-7.5) Somerset 22 3 1.2 (0.0-2.6) 19 8.3 (4.6-12.0) Elk 12 4 4.5 (0.1-8.9) 8 7.9 (2.4-13.4) Sullivan 1 0-1 6.5 (0.0-19.2) Erie 79 17 2.1 (1.1-3.1) 62 7.5 (5.6-9.4) Susquehanna 6 1 0.9 (0.0-2.7) 5 4.7 (0.6-8.8) Fayette 43 14 3.4 (1.6-5.2) 29 6.3 (4.0-8.6) Tioga 13 3 2.4 (0.0-5.1) 10 8.0 (3.0-13.0) Forest 0 0-0 - Union 15 5 4.0 (0.5-7.5) 10 8.7 (3.3-14.1) Franklin 39 9 2.6 (0.9-4.3) 30 7.4 (4.8-10.0) Venango 9 3 1.8 (0.0-3.8) 6 3.9 (0.8-7.0) Fulton 3 2 4.8 (0.0-11.5) 1 2.5 (0.0-7.4) Warren 12 4 3.4 (0.1-6.7) 8 6.2 (1.9-10.5) Greene 3 0-3 2.2 (0.0-4.7) Washington 49 14 2.3 (1.1-3.5) 35 5.2 (3.5-6.9) Huntingdon 10 1 0.9 (0.0-2.7) 9 6.9 (2.4-11.4) Wayne 12 4 3.7 (0.1-7.3) 8 6.7 (2.1-11.3) Indiana 30 7 2.9 (0.8-5.0) 23 8.3 (4.9-11.7) Westmoreland 110 23 2.0 (1.2-2.8) 87 7.3 (5.8-8.8) Jefferson 25 5 3.8 (0.5-7.1) 20 13.4 (7.5-19.3) Wyoming 14 2 2.9 (0.0-6.9) 12 14.4 (6.3-22.5) York 140 29 2.9 (1.8-4.0) 111 9.8 (8.0-11.6) NOTES: Age-adjusted rates are per 100,000 and are computed by the direct method using the 1970 U.S. standard million population. Rates based on less than 20 events are considered statistically unreliable. CI = 95% confidence interval based on a formula for estimating the standard error or SE (see Technical Notes). Pennsylvania Department of Health - Pennsylvania Cancer Incidence and Mortality 1994-1998 - Page 178

Cancer of the Thyroid: MORTALITY TABLE 20-G Number of Cancer Deaths, Average Annual Age-Adjusted Death Rates and 95% Confidence Intervals by County and Sex, Total Total County Deaths No. Rate (CI) No. Rate (CI) County Deaths No. Rate (CI) No. Rate (CI) All Counties 339 125 (0.3-0.5) 214 (0.3-0.5) Adams 0 0-0 - Juniata 2 1 1.5 (0.0-4.4) 1 1.0 (0.0-3.0) Allegheny 36 15 (0.2-0.6) 21 0.3 (0.2-) Lackawanna 8 3 (0.0-0.9) 5 0.3 (0.0-0.6) Armstrong 2 0-2 0.7 (0.0-1.7) Lancaster 13 6 0.5 (0.1-0.9) 7 0.3 (0.1-0.5) Beaver 3 1 0.1 (0.0-0.3) 2 0.2 (0.0-0.5) Lawrence 1 1 0.2 (0.0-0.6) 0 - Bedford 2 0-2 0.5 (0.0-1.2) Lebanon 7 2 0.6 (0.0-1.4) 5 0.9 (0.1-1.7) Berks 10 3 0.3 (0.0-0.6) 7 0.5 (0.1-0.9) Lehigh 7 1 0.1 (0.0-0.3) 6 0.5 (0.1-0.9) Blair 3 1 0.2 (0.0-0.6) 2 0.1 (0.0-0.2) Luzerne 17 4 (0.0-0.8) 13 0.6 (0.3-0.9) Bradford 0 0-0 - Lycoming 1 0-1 0.1 (0.0-0.3) Bucks 18 11 0.7 (0.3-1.1) 7 0.3 (0.1-0.5) McKean 1 0-1 0.3 (0.0-0.9) Butler 6 4 0.8 (0.0-1.6) 2 0.3 (0.0-0.7) Mercer 2 0-2 (0.0-1.0) Cambria 6 2 (0.0-1.0) 4 0.8 (0.0-1.6) Mifflin 1 0-1 0.2 (0.0-0.6) Cameron 1 0-1 2.8 (0.0-8.3) Monroe 1 0-1 0.2 (0.0-0.6) Carbon 5 3 1.4 (0.0-3.0) 2 0.6 (0.0-1.4) Montgomery 24 9 (0.1-0.7) 15 0.6 (0.3-0.9) Centre 2 0-2 0.6 (0.0-1.4) Montour 1 0-1 0.9 (0.0-2.7) Chester 7 2 0.2 (0.0-0.5) 5 (0.0-0.8) Northampton 9 5 0.7 (0.1-1.3) 4 0.3 (0.0-0.6) Clarion 1 0-1 (0.0-1.2) Northumberland 2 1 (0.0-1.2) 1 0.3 (0.0-0.9) Clearfield 4 3 1.2 (0.0-2.6) 1 0.2 (0.0-0.6) Perry 0 0-0 - Clinton 0 0-0 - Philadelphia 45 9 0.2 (0.1-0.3) 36 0.6 (-0.8) Columbia 1 0-1 (0.0-1.2) Pike 1 1 0.7 (0.0-2.1) 0 - Crawford 1 0-1 0.3 (0.0-0.9) Potter 0 0-0 - Cumberland 5 2 0.3 (0.0-0.7) 3 (0.0-0.9) Schuylkill 2 1 0.1 (0.0-0.3) 1 0.1 (0.0-0.3) Dauphin 7 3 (0.0-0.9) 4 0.3 (0.0-0.6) Snyder 1 0-1 0.7 (0.0-2.1) Delaware 21 10 0.7 (0.3-1.1) 11 (0.2-0.6) Somerset 1 0-1 0.2 (0.0-0.6) Elk 2 0-2 1.7 (0.0-4.1) Sullivan 0 0-0 - Erie 3 1 0.1 (0.0-0.3) 2 0.2 (0.0-0.5) Susquehanna 1 1 0.8 (0.0-2.4) 0 - Fayette 3 1 0.2 (0.0-0.6) 2 (0.0-1.0) Tioga 1 0-1 0.3 (0.0-0.9) Forest 0 0-0 - Union 0 0-0 - Franklin 1 1 0.2 (0.0-0.6) 0 - Venango 0 0-0 - Fulton 1 1 2.5 (0.0-7.4) 0 - Warren 1 0-1 0.8 (0.0-2.4) Greene 0 0-0 - Washington 4 3 (0.0-0.9) 1 0.1 (0.0-0.3) Huntingdon 2 0-2 1.2 (0.0-2.9) Wayne 1 0-1 0.9 (0.0-2.7) Indiana 2 1 (0.0-1.2) 1 0.1 (0.0-0.3) Westmoreland 17 7 0.5 (0.1-0.9) 10 0.6 (0.2-1.0) Jefferson 1 1 0.9 (0.0-2.7) 0 - Wyoming 0 0-0 - York 11 4 (0.0-0.8) 7 (0.1-0.7) NOTES: Age-adjusted rates are per 100,000 and are computed by the direct method using the 1970 U.S. standard million population. Rates based on less than 20 events are considered statistically unreliable. CI = 95% confidence interval based on a formula for estimating the standard error or SE (see Technical Notes). Pennsylvania Department of Health - Pennsylvania Cancer Incidence and Mortality 1994-1998 - Page 179