TABLE 1 Table 1 shows the medications for which official thresholds, limits, or decision levels, have been established in certain racing jurisdictions. The thresholds are expressed in terms of concentrations (ng/ml) in particular body fluids. The reference number at the right indicates where the information about a particular agent can be found. Consult the References/Sources section at the end of this booklet. THRESHOLDS, LIMITS, DECISION LEVELS MEDICATION CONCENTRATION FLUID JURISDICTIONS Reference 1 Acepromazine Acepromazine Acepromazine Acepromazine 2 Albuterol Albuterol 1 ng/ml 1 ng/ml 3 Arsenic Arsenic 200 ng/ml 0 ng/ml Atropine Atropine 5 Benzocaine Benzocaine Benzocaine 6 BZE* (Benzoylecgonine) BZE (Benzoylecgonine) BZE (Benzoylecgonine) 1 1 Unattributed 3 7 Betamethasone 60 ng/ml 8 Bupivacaine Bupivacaine Butorphanol
2 ng/ml serum Canada Canada Hong Kong Hong Kong Carbon Dioxide 37 millimoles/ml Clenbuterol Clenbuterol Clenbuterol 1 ng/ml 13 Dantrolene 1 Dexamethasone 60 ng/ml 15 Dimethylsulfoxide Dimethylsulfoxide Dimethylsulfoxide,000 ng/ml 1 16 Dipyrone Flumethasone 18 500 ng/ml 500 ng/ml 0 ng/ml Pennsylvania Sweden a 1 1 60 ng/ml Oklahoma Others Illinois 3 28 20 Glycopyrrolate Hydrocortisone Hydrocortisone
22 Imipramine 20 ng/ml 23 Indomethacin 2 Isoflupredone 60 ng/ml 25 Isoxsuprine 26 Ketoprofen Ketoprofen Lidocaine Lidocaine Lidocaine Lidocaine 28 Meclofenamic Acid Meclofenamic Acid Meclofenamic Acid Mechlosenamic Acid 2,500 ng/ml blood USA Equestrian 33 Mephenesin 200 ng/ml Mepivacaine Mepivacaine Mepivacaine Mepivacaine 31 Methocarbamol 32 Methoxytramine,000 ng/ml 33 Methylprednisolone 3 Morphine Morphine Morphine 1 7 HFL 25 35 Naproxen blood 36 16 blood North America (ARCI) 1
37 Pentazocine 38 700 ng/ml 3,000 ng/ml 3,000 ng/ml 2,200 ng/ml 16 16 blood Urine Urine North America (ARCI) Arizona Colorado Florida Indiana Kansas Michigan Montana Nebraska Oklahoma Oregon West Virginia Wyoming Pennsylvania Arkansas Minnesota Delaware Maryland New Jersey Virginia Iowa Illinois 1 1 3 Prednisolone Urine 0 Prednisone 1 7 20 ng/ml Hong Kong Canada Pennsylvania 8 1
2 20 ng/ml 3 Pyrilamine Pyrilamine 5 Salicylic Acid Salicylic Acid Salicylic Acid Salicylic Acid 7,500 ng/ml 6,500 ng/ml 6 Terbutaline 7 Testosterone Testosterone (epitestosterone) 20 ng/ml (geldings) 5 (fillies & mares) 8 Tetramisole 80 ng/ml Theobromine Theobromine Theobromine *BZE is the major urinary metabolite of cocaine. For comparative purposes, the thresholds for human concentrations, as established by the Department of Health and Human Services Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), are listed below. NB: The opiate testing cutoff concentrations were increased, effective December 1, 18, from 0 ng/ml to. Marijuana metabolite 1 1 SAMHSA 23
Cocaine metabolite 2 1 SAMHSA 23 Morphine Codeine 6-Acetylmorphine SAMHSA SAMHSA SAMHSA 2 2 2 Phencyclidine SAMHSA 23 Amphetamine 500 ng/ml SAMHSA 23 Methamphetamine 3 500 ng/ml SAMHSA 23 1: Delta--tetrahydrocannabinol--carboxylic acid 2: Benzoylecgonine 3: Specimen must also contain amphetamine at a concentration > 200 ng/ml : Test for 6-AM when the morphine concentration exceeds