Exam 3 Review: Lectures 21+ Nutrition 150 Winter 2007 Exam: Monday, March 19, 8-10am in regular classroom Strategies for Studying: 1) Go over all lectures including those given by fellow students 2) Read assigned chapters in the book, focusing on material covered in lecture 3) Work through study questions in the book 4) Understand in-class activities and homework assignments 5) Understand concepts of graphing, especially as related to the graphs discussed in class. Be able to explain and create graphs. Topics: Nutrition for 1) Infants 2) Children 3) Adolescents 4) Pregnant Women 5) Lactating Women 6) Older Adults and the Elderly Obesity Diabetes Food Borne Pathogens Physical Performance Hormones and Nutrition Vegetarianism Cancer and Nutrition Sustainable Food Production Diet and the Mind Concepts to Review: Actions of important vitamins: B 12, C, E, D, folate Actions of important minerals: calcium, iron, zinc BMI and categorizations of underweight, healthy weight, overweight, and obese Antioxidants, phytochemicals, and supplements Recommended intake of carbohydrates, fats, and protein for adults Study Exercises: 1. What special dietary needs do children <1 yr of age have and why? 2. Discuss what foods are appropriate for an individual from 1 day to 1 year of life. What foods can be introduced at different ages? Why can t infants eat whole food from birth?
3. Think about why a newborn would need relatively more vitamins and minerals than the typical adult. 4. What are the short and long-term benefits of breastfeeding for the child? 5. What are the benefits of breastfeeding for the mother? 6. Name at least two ways that breast milk affects a child s immune system. How does formula differ from breast milk in these qualities? 7. When is it appropriate to introduce cow s milk and why should infants not consume this milk? 8. What are the recommended components of a child s diet? How many servings of dairy should children get each day? 9. Why is iron such an important mineral for growing children and adolescents, pregnant women, lactating women, and elderly individuals? 10. Discuss the status of calcium intake in our country? Do we see deficiencies in some segments of the population? If so, which ones? 11. Discuss some methods that help children and adolescents develop healthy eating habits. 12. How can the nutritional status of a pregnant mother affect her child throughout life? 13. Discuss the effects of alcohol, smoking, and caffeine in pregnant and nursing women. 14. Name the tissues that increase in weight in a pregnant woman. 15. Give some reasons why women choose to or not to breast feed. 16. Discuss the different ways we define can define an individual s age. 17. Give one reason why the metabolic rate declines in older individuals. Give one way that the digestive tract of older people changes. 18. Discuss how changes in the senses can affect the nutritional status of an older person. 19. Discuss how antioxidant vitamins (which are they?) can affect the risk of developing some of the diseases of old age and how they can help alleviate some of the systems of diseases typically seen in the elderly. 20. What is a technical definition of overweight and obesity and what health risks do these conditions promote?
21. Describe the three different types of diabetes (Type 1, Type 2, gestation) and discuss which segments of the population are at risk for contracting each type of diabetes. 22. Name the tactics used to prevent contamination of our food with Salmonlla, cholera, and bovine spongiform encephalopathy. 23. Understand what vegetarianism (including veganism) is and what the health and environmental benefits of this lifestyle are. 24. What foods, vitamins, and phytochemicals can decrease the risk of developing cancer? Study Questions: 1. True or False: The weight of an individual typically doubles in the first year of life. 2. Compared to a typical middle-aged adult, the basal metabolic rate of an infant is: a. higher b. lower c. the same 3. Infants need MORE/LESS fat in their diet than adults. 4. Name one vitamin or mineral that is present in inadequate amounts in breast milk. 5. Infant formula: a. is a close replication of breast milk b. contains antibodies c. is the same as cow s milk d. a and b 6. True or false: A two year old needs more fat in its diet than a 4 year old. 7. True or false: All one-year-olds should drink skim milk to achieve a healthy fat intake. 8. The most prevalent mineral deficiency in children is: a. Zinc b. Iron c. Folate d. Selenium 9. Toddlers should ALWAYS/NOT be forced to finish all of the food on their plate. 10. Define the term critical period.
11. is the general name for compounds that cause birth defects. 12. True or False: The weight of a pregnant mother does not affect the health of her growing child. 13. Pregnant woman in their 2 nd and 3 rd trimesters typically need to consume how many extra calories per day: a. 0 b. 100 c. 400 d. 1000 14. True or False: Most physicians recommend that pregnant women take supplements. 15. Lactating women should consume MORE/LESS calories per day than needed to produce breast milk. 16. Deficiencies in the diet of a lactating mother cause a reduction in the QUANTITY/QUALITY of breast milk. 17. of an individual s life expectancy is dependant on their health related behaviors. a. 0% b. 20-30% c. 40-60% d. 70-80% 18. Give two reasons why older people are more at risk for B 12 deficiency. 19. As we age, our body produces MORE/LESS Vitamin D. 20. True or False: Obese children should immediately be put on a diet to prevent health risks. 21. All people with diabetes do not produce insulin. a. Type 1 b. Type 2 c. Gestational d. Obesity 22. Cholera kills by causing: a. Brain hemorrhages b. Dementia c. Diarrhea
23. Athletes should consume: a. Most of their calories from protein b. A protein-rich meal before competing c. a and b d. neither a nor b 24. True or False: In all aspects of its action, caffeine enhances athletic performance. 25. An gland is the general term for glands that release hormones. 26. Which are true statements: Vegans a. Do not get enough protein b. Are at risk for B 12 deficiency c. Choose foods that have less of an impact on the environment d. Eat fish e. Are typically young children 27. In general, more resources (water and fossil fuels) are used bring which type of food to market: Grains or Meats 28. Adequate intake of vitamin D: a. decreases your risk of developing many cancers b. is not necessary after the growth spurt during adolescence c. is assured if an infant is breastfeeding d. a and c e. b and c 29. Define the term antioxidant.