Marin County ranked in the top 5% in: - Premature death rate - Adults self reported health -Mentally unhealthy days - Adult obesity - Teen birth rate - Uninsured adults - Primary care physicians per capita - High school graduation - Unemployment - Children in poverty - Physical activity - Violent crime rate High food environment index -Low rate of preventable hospital stays -Low violent crime rate Ranked in the top 25% in: -Low number of physically unhealthy days - Adults without social/emotional support - Low percent driving alone to work Ranked in the top 10% in: -Low percent of adults reporting fair or poor health -Low average number of mentally unhealthy days -High access to exercise opportunities -High dentists per capita -High mental health providers per capita -High percent with some college Ranked in the top 15% in: -Low percent of adults who smoke - Low percent of children in single-parent households - Low average daily air pollution
Marin County ranked in the bottom 50% in: - 1 Excessive Drinking - 2 Drug poisoning mortality rate -Alcohol impaired driving rate -Income inequality 1 Data collected from Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2006-2012 (2005-2010 for social support indicator) and may vary from other local sources used in county health reports and factsheets. 2 Drug poisoning deaths was an additional measure and did not contribute to the overall county health rankings.
KILOGRAMS OF OPIOIDS SOLD, OPIATE DEATHS AND ADDICTION SOURCES: National Vital Statistics System, 1999-2008; Automation of Reports and Consolidated Orders System (ARCOS) of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), 1999-2010; Treatment Episode Data Set, 1999-2009 http://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/painkilleroverdoses/index.html
Number of Non-fatal ED visits 120,000 100,000 Looking back: Our Call to Action 104,625 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 0 41,518 2004 2013 Narcotic Prescriptions 471 Emergency Department Narcotic Related Visits 198 222 289 300 295 344 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Marin Families
TOP 15 DRUGS CAUSING OVERDOSE DEATHS United States
How did we get here? The risk of addiction is much less than 1% Porter J, Jick H. Addiction rare in patients treated with narcotics. N Engl J Med. 1980 Jan 10;302(2):123 Cited 824 times (Google Scholar) 11
N Engl J Med. 1980 Jan 10;302(2):123. 12
Neighborhoods with More Opioid Prescriptions Have More Overdose Deaths Source: http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/downloads/pdf/epi/epi-data-brief.pdf
What can we do as a community to prevent prescription drug misuse and abuse and save lives?
Community Based Prevention Action Team Data Collection and Monitoring Action Team Steering Committee: Data, Messaging, Policy Representatives from: Marin County Office of Education, Marin County HHS, Healthy Marin Partnerships, Residents Law Enforcement Action Team Intervention, Treatment and Recovery Action Team Prescribers and Pharmacists Action Team Backbone Support: HHS
Opioid Safety Coalitions Network 17 coalitions 24 counties www.chcf.org/oscn www.chcf.org/oscn
Public Health Approach Every system is perfectly designed to get the results that it gets. What are the key parts of the system? Paul Batalden, MD Healthcare, law enforcement, policymakers, community members, schools, public health, business etc. What are the results of the system? Overdose deaths Addiction and dependence Misuse How do we re-create the system to support safe medication use?
The Life of a Pill Manufacture Marketing Prescribers Pharmacists Community Safe Use Disposal Unsafe Use
Goals: Reduce total amount of narcotics prescribed in Marin County by 15% 2014-2016 Actions: Strategic Goal: Prescribers and Pharmacists Action Team Adopt safe prescribing guidelines for emergency rooms and clinics
What is a Safe Opioid Dose?
Marin County Trends County Wide (All Residents) Trends (2013-15): (CURES data) 12% decrease in Opioid Prescriptions 20% reduction in morphine equivalent dose (MED) per resident Marin County Medi-Cal (Partnership) Trends (Jan 2014 Jun 2016): 70% decrease in Opioid Prescriptions 38% decrease in morphine equivalent dose (MED) per resident 80% reduction in members on unsafe doses (>120 MED/day) 64% decrease in initial prescriptions for opioids Marin County member opioid use rates below Plan average
Marin County PHP Aggregate Data January 2014 - August 2016 Opioid Users P100MPM (all doses) Opioid Users P100MPM (high Dose) 59% reduction 80% reduction Plan Ave. 6.7 Plan Ave. 0.50 Opioid Prescriptions P100MPM (all doses) Opioid Dose (Daily MED) 70% reduction 38% reduction Plan Ave. 8.0 Plan Ave. 53.8
. There were 11,378,510 million pills of opioid pain medications prescribed in Marin County in 2015. That s enough for every man, woman, and child in Marin to have 44 opioid pills. *Excluding Buprenorphine prescriptions. Source: Controlled Substance Utilization Review and Evaluation System (CURES); American Community Survey 5-year population estimates, 2010-2014
Opioid prescriptions per 1,000 residents The number of opioid prescriptions in Marin County is decreasing, and is now lower than the state average. 720 700 680 660 640 620 600 580 560 540 Opioid Prescriptions (excluding Buprenorphine) per 1,000 Residents Marin County and California, 2010-2015 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 California Marin County Source: California Controlled Substance Utilization Review and Evaluation System (CURES) Prepared by: Brandeis University PDMP Center of Excellence
Morphine Equivalent Doses (MED) (per county resident) 900 800 700 600 815 803 807 801 678 646 660 632 726 610 648 581 500 400 300 200 100 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Mg MED Equivalents per Marin County resident per year (excl bup) State Average 20% decrease in MEDs in Marin County since 2013. 14% decrease in State average. Source: CDPH data
Savings in Opioid Drug Costs 27 60% Decrease
Prescribing Guidelines Excerpt F. CAUTIONS REGARDING CO-MORBIDITIES OR INTERACTIONS Caution should be used in patients taking other sedatives, including alcohol, antihistamines and benzodiazepines, as such use increases the risk of over-sedation and adverse events.
Toxicology of Fatal Opioid Overdoses: Marin County, 2013 39 Drug Overdose Deaths 34 toxicology reports available Benzo and opioid=7 25 deaths with opioids present Alcohol, benzo and opioid= 6 alcohol and opioid= 6 opioid alone= 6
Total Number of Patients Opioid and Benzo Co-Prescribing by Age; Marin County, 2012-2015 16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 Younger than 15 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-84 85 and older Number of Patients on Opioids 2012-13 Number of Patients Co-Prescribed within 30 days 2014-15
Opioid and benzodiazepine co-prescribing: Marin County, 2012-2015 100% 90% 6% 14% 15% 18% 23% 26% 27% 28% 80% 42% 70% 60% 50% 40% Number on Opioids and Benzos within 30 days of each other Number on Opioids Alone 30% 20% 10% 0% Younger than 15 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-84 85 and older
How can we reduce benzo and opioid co-prescribing?
Prescribing Guidelines Excerpt A. ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING The initial evaluation should also include documentation of the patient s mental health and substance use history, including review of the CURES system.
CURES: Unsafe Prescribing Increases Death Risk Doctor Shopping rates Opioid Overdoses Slide provided courtesy of Peter Kreiner, PMP Center of Excellence at Brandeis. Doctor shopping, the questionable activity, was defined as 4+ prescriber s and 4+ pharmacies for CSII in six months.
PATIENT ACTIVITY REPORT (PAR)
Prescribing Guidelines Excerpt F. CAUTIONS REGARDING CO-MORBIDITIES OR INTERACTIONS Clinicians should consider prescribing naloxone to patients, or family members or friends of patients identified to be at high risk for overdose.
61 opioid overdoses were reversed with naloxone by Emergency Medical Services (911) in Marin County in 2015. Source: Marin County Emergency Medical Services
Total Number of Drug Overdose Deaths Over half of all drug overdose deaths occur in the home. Naloxone is a live-saving drug that reverses opioid overdoses. RxSafe Marin is working to distribute naloxone throughout our community. 90 80 Location of Incident of Drug Overdose Deaths Marin County, CA, 2011-2015 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Home Public Place Not Specified Residential Institution Other Location of Death Data are preliminary and subject to change. Source: California Department of Public Health, Center for Health Statistics and Informatics
Increasing Naloxone Availability prescribers schools pharmacies Naloxone other community settings first responders jails
How can we increase coprescription of naloxone?
Goal: Strategic Goal: Community Based Prevention Action Team Residents make informed and responsible choices regarding prescription opioids Actions: Develop communication campaign highlighting the risks of opioid use
Prescribing Guidelines Excerpt B. PATIENT AND FAMILY INFORMATION Patients being offered opioids should be made aware that opioids are the leading cause of drug overdose deaths nationally
Total Drug Overdose Deaths RxSafe Marin views every accidental drug overdose death as preventable. 45 40 35 Accidental and Total Drug Overdose Deaths - Marin County, 2010-2015 39 37 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 21 17 17 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Accidental Total Non-Accidental Source: California Department of Public Health, Center for Health Statistics and Informatics
Marin prescribers and community members want alternatives to opioid therapy for pain. 60% of Marin County community members surveyed were interested in alternatives to opioid therapy. 80% of Marin County prescribers surveyed wanted more resources for non-opioid management of chronic pain. Source: RxSafe Marin Community Survey and Narcotic Prescribers Survey, 2015
Hack-a-Thon We need a better way to connect people with pain to local resources for non narcotic pain management.
THANK YOU Stay connected! www.rxsafemarin.org Facebook.com/RxSafeMarin RxSafeMarin@gmail.com