Gut microbiota: importance
Gut microbiota: importance BACTERIA IN THE GUT SYNTHESIZE SEVERAL HUNDRED GRAMS OF ESSENTIAL AMINO-ACIDS EVERY DAY
PROKARYOTES (Bacteria) capability to synthesize essential compounds and to obtain metabolic energy from the environment EUKARYOTES (Animals) loss of genes for biosynthesis of essential compounds (amino-acids and vitamins)
PROKARYOTES (Bacteria) capability to synthesize essential compounds and to obtain metabolic energy from the environment Gut microbial communities in the host have adapted to provide essential compounds and obtain energy from different sources EUKARYOTES (Animals) loss of genes for biosynthesis of essential compounds (amino-acids and vitamins)
Impact of microbiota on host GERM FREE vs CONVENTIONAL MICROBIOTA Reduced: - organ weight (heart, liver, lungs) - cardiac output - oxygen consumption Increased: food intake Nutrition, Growth & Development Backhed, PNAS 2004 Reduced: Mesenteric and systemic lymph nodes Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue Serum immunoglobulin levels Increased: susceptibility to infection Immunity
Gut microbiota & behaviour Diaz Heijtz et al. PNAS 2011
Gut microbiota: effects on the host CNS & behaviour gut function metabolism & nutrition immune function MICROBIOTA Vall d'hebron
Gut function nutrients residues Vall d'hebron
Gut function microbiota vs host - cells x 10 - genes x 150 The colon as a metabolic organ residues microbiota
Gut microbiota The colon as a metabolic organ residues microbiota
Control of gut function Vall d'hebron
Control of gut function REFLEXES - motility - barrier function MEAL content Vall d'hebron
Control of gut function SENSATIONS REFLEXES MEAL content Vall d'hebron
Functional gut disorders chest pain Unexplained symptoms by conventional tests burning nausea/vomiting fullness/bloating discomfort/pain altered bowel habit INCIDENCE
mechanisms of gut symptoms abnormal content abnormal function abnormal sensitivity Vall d'hebron
mechanisms of gut symptoms content function sensitivity Vall d'hebron GUT MICROBIOTA
Microbiota & gut content MEAL content GAS Vall d'hebron MICROBIOTA
anal gas evacuation, ml Microbiota & gut content COLONIC GAS IMAGING 800 COLONIC GAS PRODUCTION CHALLENGE DIET BASAL DIET 0 postprandial period, h 0 6
Microbiota, gut content & symptoms 10 5 0 0 Flatulence Bloating Distension Borborigmi Pain Gut comfort - 5 basal diet
Microbiota, gut content & symptoms 10 5 0 0 Flatulence Bloating Distension Borborigmi Pain Gut comfort - 5 basal diet challenge diet
Gut sensitivity bloating pressure nausea
Gut sensitivity 6 Discomfort threshold Perception score Perception threshold HEALTH 0 0 Distending volume, ml 50 Vall d'hebron 7-98-A
Gut sensitivity 6 PATIENTS * Perception score * HEALTH 0 0 Distending volume, ml 50 Vall d'hebron 7-98-A
Microbiota & gut sensitivity 300 Responses (% CDR) MICE TREATED WITH placebo 0 30 mmhg 60 mmhg Colorectal distension Adapted from Verdu, Gut 2006
Microbiota & gut sensitivity 300 Responses (% CDR) MICE TREATED WITH placebo antibiotic 0 30 mmhg 60 mmhg Colorectal distension Adapted from Verdu, Gut 2006
Intestinal motility: transit of gas Vall d'hebron
Intestinal motility: transit of gas in 15 min HEALTHY SUBJECT PATIENT WITH FGD
Effect of probiotics on GI motility & symptoms Intestinal transit Abdominal disension * Mean dist AUC (cm) 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 * p<0.05 Bifidobacterium lactis DN-173-010 Agrawal et al Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2009
Gut microbiota: effects on the host CNS & behaviour gut function metabolism & nutrition immune function - treatment MICROBIOTA -messengers - composition Vall d'hebron
The European Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (ESNM) has created the Gut Microbiota & Health Section to raise recognition and expand knowledge & interest in the field of Gut Microbiota & Health. To become a member, visit the ESNM Website: http://www.esnm.eu