1 Development and Validation of a Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry method for analysis of Oxysterols in Human Plasma Rohini Narayanaswamy University At Buffalo, The State University of New York Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences 04/ 20/ 2013 Research Mentor: Dr. Richard. W. Browne Committee: Dr. Paul J. Kostyniak Dr. Murali Ramanathan
Background OXYSTEROLS 27 carbon oxidized cholesterol related molecules having additional OH, C=O, epoxy, hydroperoxy moieties 2 Bile Acids Oxidative Stress Bile Acids CNS efflux http://www.mdpi.com/2218-273x/2/1/76
3 Role of Oxysterols http://www.mdpi.com/2218-273x/2/1/76
4 Current methods for oxysterol analysis - No current gold standard method GC-MS Long runtime and complex derivatization ESI- LC-MS/MS Derivatization is not a pre- requisite, longer runtime, poor sensitivity APCI- LC-MS/MS No derivatization required, better sensitivity and reasonable runtimes
5 Specific aim of thesis To develop and validate an LC-MS- APCI method for measurement of multiple Oxysterols
Methods and Materials Instrumentation 6 Shimadzu LC (2) LC-10ADvp Pumps SIL-HT Autosampler (low CTO-10AC Column Oven SPD-M10A Photo-diode Array Shimadzu MS LCMS-2010A System ESI & APCI interface Computer System and Software: LCMS Solution V3.20
7 Target Analytes Method for analyzing a mixture of 13 Oxysterols Standard Abbreviation 22 Hydroxy cholesterol 22 OHC 24 Hydroxy cholesterol 24 OHC 25 Hydroxy cholesterol 25 OHC 27 Hydroxy cholesterol 27 OHC 7α Hydroxy cholesterol 7α OHC 7β Hydroxy cholesterol 7β OHC 7 Keto cholesterol 7 KC 5β,6β Epoxycholesterol 5β,6β EC 5α, 6α Epoxy cholesterol 5α, 6α EC 4β Hydroxy cholesterol 4β OHC Desmosterol Desmo Zymosterol Zymo 7 Dehydro cholsterol 7 DHC Deuterated Internal standard: 22 OHC-d7
8 MS Detection Flow Injection Analysis and Fragmentation - APCI + mode Methanol as major mobile phase solvent [M+ H- H 2 O]+ pattern 7.5 Inten.(x10,000) 367.3 Example: 24 OHC Mol wt: 403.2 5.0 2.5 343.3 385.3 200.2 448.4 0.0 213.1 236.9 255.1 269.0 283.6 297.1 311.1 325.1 339.1 401.4413.5 432.3 200.0 225.0 250.0 275.0 300.0 325.0 350.0 375.0 400.0 425.0 m/z HO [M+H-H 2 O] + 1 OH [M+H-H 2 O] + 2 367.3 m/z = 1 and 2 385.3 m/z = 1 or 2
HPLC Conditions and Chromatography Column: Supelcosil LC-18-S, 25cm x 4.6mm, 5µm (Sigma Aldrich) Column oven temperature: 30 C Mobile phase flow rate: 0.6 ml/minute Mobile Phase: Gradient flow A- 100% Methanol B- Methanol: H 2 O :: 50:50 v/v 24 OHC 25 OHC 27 OHC 7α/7β OHC 7 KC 5β, 6β EC 5α, 6α EC 4β OHC Zymosterol Desmosterol 7 DHC Cholesterol 9 Re-equilibriation 110 % Methanol 100 90 80 To MS To waste To MS 0 5 10 15 20 Time (min) 25 30 35 40 45
10 Sample Preparation 200 µl sample + 50 µl Internal standard + 10 µl BHT (5 µg/ml) 875 µl 0.5M KOH in ethanol (cold saponification) for 3 hours Room Temp. Neutralize with 25 µl of 85% Phosphoric acid + 1mL Water Extract with Hexane ( 2 X 3 ml) [Rotate 5 min + centrifuge] Separate Hexane phase and evaporate under nitrogen Reconstitute using 250 µl Methanol and 50 µl HPLC grade Water
Results Stability: Are Oxysterols created during sample preparation? Purified Cholesterol (by HPLC) subject to different sample processing steps and analyzed by LCMS for formation of oxysterols 11 Trace formation of 7KC from cholesterol after subjecting cholesterol to alkaline hydrolysis No significant increase in levels of other oxysterols
Significant decrease in the levels of 5α,6α EC, 5β,6β EC and 7α OHC, after treatment alkaline hydrolysis Note: In more recent validation experiments 7α OHC has appeared to be more stable Stability: Are Oxysterols destroyed during sample preparation? Mixture of 13 oxysterol standards (13 Mix) analyzed before and after alkaline hydrolysis 12 8000000 Effect of Base 7000000 6000000 Area units 5000000 4000000 3000000 without base with base 2000000 * * * 1000000 0 * % reduction >15%
13 Recovery: Internal Standard recovery: % Recovery = Mean Extracted area x 100 % Mean unextracted area Sample IS Reference (unextracted) Fresh Plasma (Extracted) Recovery for pure standards: Hexane Ext %recovery 100.00 88.59 % Recovery = Mean spiked plasma area mean plasma area x 100 % Mean unextracted area sample name 22 OHC 24 OHC 25 OHC 27 OHC 7a OHC 7 KC 5β 6β EC 5α 6α EC 4b OHC Desmo Zymo 7 DHC % Recovery 99.99 67.50 70.90 86.43 2.56 42.52 16.82 57.54 27.44 53.46 101.54 ND ND: Not detected Poor recoveries for 7α OHC, 5β, 6β Epoxycholesterol and 4β epoxy cholesterol
Calibration curves and Matrix effects 14 Calibration curves generated with standards prepared at 5 levels for six oxysterols prepared in solvent as well as blank matrix Observed concentration compared to the actual concentration to estimate accuracy Example: Analyte Area/IS Area 2.000 1.500 1.000 0.500 2.000 CC for 24 OHC in Matrix CC for 24 OHC in Solvent y = 0.0337x + 0.0726 y = 0.0303x + 0.0403 R² = 0.9979 0.000 0.000 20.000 40.000 60.000 Concentration ng/ml R² = 0.9932 0.000 0.000 20.000 40.000 60.000 Concentration ng/ml Comparable calibration curves (Linearity and Slope) in solvent and matrix for 24 OHC, 25 OHC, 7α OHC, 27 OHC, 7 KC and Analytie Area/IS area 1.500 1.000 0.500
15 Acceptable targets: 6 oxysterols Parameter evaluated 22 OHC 24 OHC 25 OHC 27 OHC 7α OHC 7 KC 5β 6β EC 24 OHC, 25OHC, 27 OHC, 7α OHC, 7 KC, Zymosterol are acceptable The LOD and LLOQ between 5 to 10 ng/ml 5α 6α EC 4b OHC Desmo Zymo 7 DHC Calibration curves are comparable in solvent and in matrix indicating absence of matrix effects 22 OHCd7 Stability yes yes yes yes no yes no no yes yes yes yes yes Recovery 99.99 67.50 70.90 86.43 2.56 42.52 16.82 57.54 27.44 53.46 101.54 ND 88.59 Solvent correlation coeff. ND 0.9979 0.9937 0.9973 0.9972 0.948 ND ND ND ND 0.9961 ND Matrix correlation coeff. ND 0.9932 0.9805 0.9978 0.7969 0.9712 ND ND ND ND 0.9581 ND Matrix effect ND no no no yes no ND ND ND ND no ND no Workable for Validation No yes yes yes no yes no no no no yes no -
16 Future Directions Perform full method validation of the acceptable target oxysterols according to US FDA/ EPA guidelines for method validation - Linearity and range - Accuracy - Precision - Detection and Quantitation limits - Recovery - Selectivity - Sensitivity - Matrix effects - Carry over effect - Stability studies
Conclusion Target Studies Oxysterol levels in traumatic brain injury (Dr. Browne, Dr. Senthilvelan Manohar) 17 Oxysterols in Multiple Sclerosis (Dr. Browne, Dr. Ramanathan and Dr. Weinstock-Gutteman) Study Oxysterol and Cholesterol metabolism in the Ovarian Folliculogenesis (Dr. Browne and Dr. Fujimoto)
18 Acknowledgements Dr. R. W. Browne Ian Smith Rutva Patel Kah Teong Soh Mary Lou Bodzaik This research was funded in part by a grant from the National Institute on Aging: R21 AG031957-0
19 Thank You! Questions