J. Jpn. Acad. Nurs. Sci., Vol. 31, No. 4, pp. 24 33, 2011 Development of a Japanese Version of the Mental Health-Related Self-Care Agency Scale 1 2 3 Kumiko Kasuya, Akiko Funakoshi, Miyoko Nagae Key words self-care, self-care agency, depressive symptoms, reliability, validity Abstract Aim The purpose of this study is to develop the Japanese version of the Mental Health- Related Self-Care Agency Scale MH-SCA and to establish its validity and reliability. Method Using the committee approach, the MH-SCA was translated from English into Japanese. To ensure the semantic, conceptual, and normative equivalence with the original instrument, the committee included five translators one adjudicator, two translation reviewers, one self-care specialist, and one experienced researcher in questionnaire design and pretesting. The steps were prepare, translate, pretest, revise, and document. The finalized MH-SCA-Japanese version MH-SCA-J was conducted on 73 Japanese outpatients with depression to address reliability and construct validity for the MH-SCA-J. Result The Cronbach s alpha for the MH-SCA-J was 0.93, supporting reliability by determining internal consistency. The total score of the MH-SCA-J was significantly correlated to the scores of CES-D, 0.834 p 0.01, and to the scores of daily activities, 0.690 p 0.01. Therefore, concurrent validity was confirmed. Additionally, as a result of having compared a group of depressed people with a group of nondepressed people, the depressed people were clearly differentiated from the nondepressed people by this instrument. These mean scores of MH-SCA-J, 97.16 for the depressed and 131.83 for the nondepressed, were significantly different, t7.51 p 0.01, therefore, clinical validity was confirmed. Conclusion In conclusion, the MH-SCA-Japanese version was developed and its validity and reliability were confirmed. These results show that the MH-SCA-Japanese version can be used to measure the self-care agency of people with mental disability. 2010 8 2 2011 5 9 1School of Nursing & Health, Aichi Prefectural University 2 Mie Prefectural College of Nursing 3 Japanese Red Cross Toyota College of Nursing E-mail kasuyak@nrs.aichi-pu.ac.jp 24 31 4 2011
Mental Health-Related Self-Care Agency Scale MH-SCA Mental Health-Related Self-Care Agency Scale MH-SCA-JapaneseMH- SCA-J MH-SCA MH-SCA-J 73 MH-SCA-J Cronbach 0.93 MH-SCA-J 0.690 p 0.01MH-SCA-J CES-D 0.834 p 0.01 t 7.51 p 0.01 MH-SCA-J MH-SCA-J 2008 11 15.6 20 23.2 2008 2004 19931998 2001 2006 2005 self-care agency 2005 2008 2005 2002 Carter 1998 Mcbride J. Jpn. Acad. Nurs. Sci., Vol. 31, No. 4, 2011 25
19911997 2001 Cutler 2003 Perception of Self-Care Agency Questionnaire PSCAPSCA West & Isenberg 1997 Mental Health-Related Self-Care Agency Scale MH-SCA MH-SCA Mental Health-Related Self-Care Agency Scale MH-SCA-Japanese MH-SCA-J self-care agency West & Isenberg 1997 West & Isenberg 1997 MH- SCA affective functioning 1 10 22 25 26 30 cognitive functioning 7 13 15 20 24 27patterns of activity 2 4 6 9 12 14 16 18 21 23 29 31 perceptual functioning 3 5 28 32 valuative processes 8 11 17 19 5 6 content validity index 0.94 MH-SCA35 5 Likert Scale 5 1 Cronbach 0.90 West & Isenberg 1997 35 32 West & Isenberg 1997 1 Patricia West 2 http // www.census.gov/ Language Translation Guidelines 2 1 1 5 26 31 4 2011
Mental Health-Related Self-Care Agency Scale MH-SCA MH-SCA-J MH-SCA-J 1 1 2 1 3 1 MH-SCA-J 3 2008 9 10 21 65 5 4 MH-SCA-J 76 2008 10 11 2 2 1987 1998 20012006 2006 1993 0 3 4 MH-SCA-J MH-SCA-J 32 5 Likert Scale 5 1 the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale CES-DRadloff 1977CES-D 198520 4 Likert Scale 16 MH-SCA-J CES-D CES-D Mini Mental State Examination MMSEFolstein et al. 1975 198511 30 24 10 20 MMSE 24 Cronbach Item Total J. Jpn. Acad. Nurs. Sci., Vol. 31, No. 4, 2011 27
MH-SCA-J CES-D Pearson r CES-D 16 MH-SCA-J t 5 1 SPSS 16.0J for Windows 77 76 98.7% MH-SCA-J 3 CES-D 5 MMSE 73 43.3 SD 12.7 21 82 29 39.7% 44 60.3% 55 75.3% 9 12.3% 34.1% 90.8SD 111.0 1 480 5 35 47.9% MH-SCA-J Cronbach 0.75 MH-SCA-J Chronbach 0.93 Item Total 0.049 0.822 8 17 MH-SCA-J 108.08 SD 24.38 28 31 4 2011
Mental Health-Related Self-Care Agency Scale MH-SCA 5.21 SD 3.6 0.01 0.690 p 0.01 MH-SCA-J CES-D 22.74 SD 14.340.834 p 0.01 MH-SCA-J 32 6 1 CES-D 16 MH-SCA-J t t MH-SCA-J 97.16 SD 18.80 131.83 SD 17.24t 7.51 p 1 0.40 3 1 22 41.91% Cronbach 0.93 0.714 p 0.01 J. Jpn. Acad. Nurs. Sci., Vol. 31, No. 4, 2011 29
CES-D 0.847 p 0.01 MH-SCA-J 32 Cronbach 0.93 Item Total 8 17 0.300 0.822 8 17 valuative processes MH-SCA West & Isenberg 1997 valuative processes 1998 8 17 MH-SCA-J CES-D MH- SCA-J CES-D MH-SCA MH-SCA-J t MH-SCA West & Isenberg 1997 MH-SCA 5 30 31 4 2011
Mental Health-Related Self-Care Agency Scale MH-SCA MH-SCA-J MH-SCA-J 1 22 10 3 Carter 1998 Mcbride 1991 West & Isenberg 1997 5 West & Isenberg 1 1 22 Cronbach 0.93 CES-D 22 MH-SCA-J 32 2001 Self-Care Agency Questionnaire SCAQ 2007 2008 SCAQ MH-SCA-J 18 28 31 MH-SCA-J MH-SCA-J MH-SCA-J Item Total J. Jpn. Acad. Nurs. Sci., Vol. 31, No. 4, 2011 31
MH-SCA-J 2002 Mental Health-Related Self-Care Agency Scale MH-SCA-J MH-SCA-J MH-SCA-J 32 Carter, P. A. 1998Self-care agency the concept and how it is measured J. Nurs. Meas., 6 2, 195 207. Cutlur, C. 2003Assessing patients perception of selfcare agency in psychiatric care Ment. Health Nurs. 24 199 211. Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., McHugh, P. R. 1975 Mini-Mental State. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician J. Psychiat. Res., 12, 189 198. 19 2006 49 166 72 1997 17 446 55 2001 21 129 39 2 2008 14 121 130 1993 2 183 90 1998 2004 http //www.mhlw.go.jp/ shingi/2003/11/s1111-2c.html. 2008 20 http //www. mhlw.go.jp/toukei/saikin/hw/kanja/08/index.html. Mcbride, S. H. 1991Comparative analysis of three instruments designed to measure self-care agency Nurs. Res., 40 1, 12 16. 1987 Dr. P. R. Underwood 1985 Mini-Mental State 1 282 90 E. 20012005 4 2002 4 181 187 Radloff, L. S. 1977 The CES-D scale a self-report depression scale for research in the general population, Appl. Psychol. Meas., 1, 385 401. 13 2008 28 141 51 1985 27 6717 723 2006 12 129 34 32 31 4 2011
Mental Health-Related Self-Care Agency Scale MH-SCA 2007 7 155 165 2008 2 8 107 115 2002 286 288. 1998 31 3 221 238 1 2001 8 115 125 West, P., Isenberg, M. 1997Instrument development the Mental Health-Related Self-Care Agency Scale, Arch. Psychiatr. Nurs., 11 3, 126 132. J. Jpn. Acad. Nurs. Sci., Vol. 31, No. 4, 2011 33