Kõhre patoloogia. Kõhre vigastused: sport. Kõhre patoloogia. Diagnoos Kõhre vigastused: artroskoopia versus MRT. William Hunter ( )

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William Hunter (1718 1783) Kõhre patoloogia Madis Rahu Ortopeedia Arstid/TÜ Sporditrauma Keskus Pärnu 10.11.2016 Hunter W. Of the structure and diseases of articular cartilages. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 1744; 42B:514-21....repair of cartilage to be a very troublesome disease; that it admits of a Cure and more Difficulty than a carious Bone; and that, when destroyed, it is never recovered. Kõhre patoloogia Ühest lokaalsest kahjustusest kuni osteoartriidini Äge traumaatilisest - krooniline koormuslik Kõhre pehmenemisest ja fissuuridest osteokondraalse murruni Üksik kõhre kahjustus või kaasuvate vigastustega: menisk, sidemed, põlvekedre nihestus Kõhre vigastused: sport Increasing incidence rate of cartilage injuries: increasing participitation on recreational and competitive sports - The overall prevalence of full thickness focal chondral defects 36% among all athletes/16% - general population - 46% of career ending injuries were knee injuries in professional soccer : 25% of them - cartilage injuries - In athletes 12 times more ostearthritis than general population Flanigan DC at al (2010)Prevalence of chondral defects in athlets knee: a systematic review. Med Sci Sports Exerc 42(10):1795-1801 Diagnoos Sümptoomid: valu, turse, kinnijäämise episoodid Röntgen ja KT: EI AITA MRT: üle 1,5 Tesla - eri resolutsioonid - selgitada lisanduvad kahjustused MRT and asymptomatic cartilage abnormalities in professional basketball players : up to 89% of players Walczak BE, McCulloch PC, Kang RW, Zelazny A, Tedeschi F, Cole BJ. Abnormal findings on knee magnetic resonance imaging in asymptomatic NBA players. J Knee Surg. 2008;21:27-33. Kõhre vigastused: artroskoopia versus MRT Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc (2016) 24:1627-1633 Diagnosis and classification of chondral knee injuries: comparison between magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopy Marcus Vinicius Danieli João Paulo Fernandes Guerreiro Alexandre deoliveira Queiroz et al Sensitiivsus Spetsiifilisus Patella 76,3 73,4 Trohhlea 88,2 78,7 FMC 60,7 82,o MP 85,7 85,5 LFC 81,8 93,0 LP 75,0 90,6 1

Artroskoopia - Golden standard Diagnoos ICRS, Outerbrigde Kirurgilise ravi näidustus Sümptomaatiline kõhre vigastus Konservatiivne ravi ei aita 3 6 kuu jooksul Grade 3 4 kõhre kahjustus (MRT) Kõhre vigastuse ravi Kaasuvad vigastused Sidemed Luutelg Menisk Instability Reconstruction Meniscus deficiency Transplantation Biomaterials Biologic knee reconstruction Cell based therapy Growth Factors Cartilage damages MF, ACI, OAT Ravi kompleksne ja... Joint malalignment Osteotomy 2

Vastunäidustus kirurgilisele ravile BMI üle 35 Põletikuline seisund liigesel Suitsetamine Patsiendi lootused ebareaalsed Koostöö võimetus või võimaluse puudus rehabilitatsiooniks Management of knee articular cartilage injuries in athletes: chondroprotection, chondrofacilitation, and resurfacing. Murray IR 1, Benke MT, Mandelbaum BR. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2015 Feb 7. [Epub ahead of print] Chondroprotection: prevent loss of existing cartilage - exercises and activity modifications, - stability, save the meniscus, alignment Chondrofacilitation: faciliate instrinsic repair of damaged cartilage viscosupplementation, growth factors (PRP, BMAC), pulsed electromagnetic field, microfracture Resurfacing: osteochondral (auto, allo)transplantation, autologous chondrocyte tranplantation, synthetic products to fill the defect with variety of techniques Kõhre lokaalne kahjustus: kirurgilise ravi Debridment BMS: mikrofraktuuring, nanofraktuuring OAT: auto, allo ACI: autoloogne kondrotsüütide implantatsioon Kollageen membraanid, geelid jm defektide täitmiseks Eri tehnikate kombinatsioon (AMIC, MACI) Ravimeetodi valik Sügavus Suurus Asukoht Patiendi vanus/aktiivsuse tase Defekti vanus väike : alla 2cm² keskmine : 2 4 cm² suur : üle 4 cm² Defekti suurus Tibofemoraal Patellofemoraal Unipolar Bipolar Asukoht 3

ICRS cartilage injury mapping system Kõhre operatsioonid USA 2015 Oluline teada Subkondraalse luu olukord mõjutab kõhre taastavaid operatsioone Kõhre operatsioon võib kahjustada subkondraalset luud Kõhre taastav operatsioon peab taastama kõhr + subkondraalse üksuse Debridment Enim kasutatav protseduur kõhrevigastuse parandamiseks: tavaliselt 2 3 astme kõhre muutused - Tasandamine käsiinstrumentidega - Tasandamine shaveriga - Tasandamine radiofrekventsaparaadiga: Paragon RF tera Mikrofraktuuring Pridie 1950, Rodrigo 1994,Steadman 1999 1. Parim: sümptomaatiline, lokaalne, äge ICRS grade 3, 4 kahjustus 2. Reie põntade toetusala, sääre platoo(ft) ++ 3. Patellofemoraal (PT) + 4. Hea servaga kõhredefekt alla 2cm²(PF) 4 cmtf). 5. Aktiivne patsient, alla 40 a 6. Taastumine spordiks 8 ± 1 ( 2-16) kuud, halveneb seis 2 5 aasta pärast 7. Odav protseduur. 8. Kaasuv PRP and BMAC kasutamine parandab tulemusi (Fortier 2010, Milano 2010) - Fibrooskõhr - 75 80% taastub (Stedman 2003) - 49% (Gudas 2005) Ülioluline rehabilitatsiooni protokoll! 4

Osteochondral Autograft Transfer (Hangody 1992) 1. Ideaalne sümptomaatilisele, lokaalse, ICRS grade 3, 4 subkondraalse plaadi ja luu kahjustusega 2. Reiepõntade toetusala ++ 3. Patellofemoraalne + 4. Defekt korralike servadega alla 4 cm2. 5. Aktiivne, alla 30 aastasel : alla 2 cm² 6. Taastumine spordiks : 7 ± 2 ( 4 11) kuud Suurim hüaliinkõhrega täitumus vrd teiste tehnikatega. Tehniliselt pole lihtne. Doonorpinna kaebused (pole allograftil!!) 94% recovery in athletes (Gudas 2005) Good to excellent results after 17 years in athletic population: 91% femoral, 86% of tibial, 74% of PF mosaicplasty (Hangody 2010) - Autoloogsete Kondrotsüütide Implantation(ACI) Brittberg 1994 1. Suur, ebaregulaarse konfiguratsiooniga Outerbridge grade III-IV 2. Reie põndad ++ 3. Patellofemoaalsed pinnad ++ 4. Lokaalne 1 10 cm². alla 8 mm sügavuse luukaoga 5. Aktiivne, noor alla 40 aastat 6. Taastumine 18 ± 4 ( 12 to 36) kuud Kahe etapiline, 6 nädalase vahega. Kallis ja tehniliselt raske - Good to excellent results 85-92% after 2 years, better in femoral condyle than PF (Peterson 2002) Return to Sports Participation After Articular Cartilage Repair in the Knee: Scientific Evidence Kai Mithoefer, Karen Hambly, Stefano Della Villa, Holly Silvers and Bert R. Mandelbaum Am J Sports Med 2009 Systematic review of twenty studies with 1363 patients Average follow up of 48 months Good and excellent results were reported on average in 79% of athletes 67% after microfracture, 82% after autologous chondrocyte transplantation 93% after osteochondral autograft transfer Mithoefer 2009 A B C D E F G MF 67 66 8 68 52 40 2 OAT 93 91 7 70 52 30 2 ACT 82 67 18 71 96 25 ND A good and excellent results 8%) B return to sports (%) C return to sport (months) D return to sport at the preinjury level (%) E durability after average FU 50 months (%) F - age related results (years) G lesion size (cm²) Uued tehnoloogilised lahedused Allograft : USA väga populaarne Kollageen maatriks, membraan Microfraktuuringuga ( AMIC) Koos ACI (MACI) - Kollageniga kaetud ACI - Kollageeni külvetud rakud ACI Minced articular cartilage technique - neocartilage implantation (Neocart) - cartilage autograft implantation system (CAIS - Johnson and Johnson) - juvenile allograft from donor (DeNovo NT Zimmer) - Ostechondral graft substitutes (The Trufit plug Smith and Nephew) - Biocartilage (dehydrated micronazed allograft + PRP) (Arthrex) 5

Tänan! 6