Emerging Problems in Human Nutrition
Bibliotheca Nutritio et Dieta No. 40 Series Editor J. C. Somogyi, Ruschlikon-Zurich.~OOffij~OO Basel Miinchen. Paris London New York New Delhi Singapore Tokyo Sydney
24th Symposium of the Group of European Nutritionists on Emerging Problems in Human Nutrition, Evian, March 9-12, 1986 Emerging Problems in Human Nutrition Volume Editors J,e. Somogyi, Ruschlikon-Zurich S, Renaud, Lyon-Bron M. Astier-Dumas, Paris 21 figures and 29 tables, 1987 @) illia100 [ffi ~OO Basel Miinchen. Paris London New York New Delhi Singapore Tokyo Sydney
Bibliotheca Nutritio et Dieta Series published by the Group of European Nutritionists Library of Congress Catalogmg-m-PubhcatlOn Data Group of European Nutntlomsts SymposIUm (24th: 1986: EVlan-les-Bams. France) Emergmg problems m human nutntlon. (BlbllOtheca nutntlo et dleta: no. 40) '24th SymposIUm of the Group of European Nutnomsts on emergmg problems m human nutntlon. EVlUn, March 9-12, 1986.' Includes mdex I NutritIOn - congresses 2. Blood platelets - congresses. 3. Coronary heart dlsease Nutntlonal aspects - congresses 4 Food. Ennched - congresses 5 Water m the bodycongresses.' I SomogYI, J C. (Johann Carl) II Renaud, Serge III Astler-Dumas. M IV TItle V. Senes [DNLM. 1. Blood Platelets - physiology - congresses 2 Body Water - congresses. 3 Coronary DIsease - prevention and control - congresses 4. Fatty AClds - metabolism - congresses 5 NutntIOn - congresses WI B1422 no. 40/QU 145 G882 1986e] TX341 B5 no 40 [QPI41]613 2 s [613 2]87-2674 ISBN 3-8055-3981-9 (pt 2) ISBN 3-8055-4497-9 Drug Dosage The authors and the pubhsher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth In this text are m accord wlth current recommendations and practice at the time of pubhcatlon However. In view of ongoing research. changes In government regulations. and the constant flow of information relatmg to drug therapy and drug reactions. the reader IS urged to check the package msert for each drug for any change m mdlcatlons and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. ThIS is particularly Important when the recommended agent IS a new and/or Infrequently employed drug All ngh ts reserved No part of this pubhcatlon may be translated mto other languages. reproduced or utlhzed In any form or by any means. electromc or mechamcal. mcludmg photocopying. record mg. mlcrocopymg, or by any information storage and retneval system. without permission In wntmg from the pubhsher Copynght 1987 by S Karger AG. P.O Box. CH-4009 Basel (Swltzerland) Pnnted m SWItzerland by Thur AG Olfsetdruck. Pratteln ISBN 3-8055-4497-9
Contents Preface.................................... VII Nutrition, Platelet Functions and Coronary Heart Disease Renaud, S. (Lyon-Bron): Nutrients, Platelet Functions and Coronary Heart Disease.... 19 Yarnell, l.w.g.; Elwood, P.c. (Cardiff); Renaud, S. (Lyon-Bron): Platelet Function and Ischaemic Heart Disease in the Caerphilly Study: Preliminary Results......................... 19 Hjermann, I. (Oslo): Dietary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease. 28 Nord0Y, A. (Troms0): Influence of (n-3) Fatty Acids on Platelets and Endothelial Cells............................. 33 Weber, P.c. (Boston, Mass.): Dietary (n-3) Fatty Acids and Eicosanoid Formation.................................... 42 Kromhout, D. (Leiden): Fish Consumption and Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease........................... 51 Crawford, M.A.; Ward, P.; Lennon, E.A. (London): Platelet Fatty Acid Metabolism and Their Functions... 58 Food Enrichment du Bois, I. (Vevey): Food Enrichment: Legislation in Europe...... 69 Miller, S.A.; Stephenson, M.G. (Washington, D.C.): Food Fortification: The Need for Scientific Contribution............... 82
Contents VI Astier-Dumas, M. (Paris): Enrichissement des aliments. Com mentaires sur les propositions du Codex (1985)............... 96 Schuler, P. (Basel): Food Enrichment from the Technological Point of View........................................ 100 Round Table Discussion on Water Southgate, D.A.T. (Norwich): Body Content and Distribution of Water in Healthy Individuals........................ 108 Widdowson, E.M. (Cambridge): Water Requirements... 117 Andersson, B. (Uppsala): Thirst Mechanism and Its Inhibition..... 122 Didelot, F.; Giudicelli, c.p.; Nedelec, G.; Donadieu, 1. (Paris): Consommation insuffisante d'eau: retentissement sur la fonction renale... 130 Subject Index................................... 137
Preface Under the theme 'Emerging problems in human nutrition' three different topics were discussed at the 24th Symposium of the Group of European Nutrionists. The papers presented at this meeting are contained in this volume. The first subtopic dealt with the important interrelation of Nutrition, platelet functions and coronary heart disease. The connection between fatnutrition - more exactly the type of fatty acids in food - and coronary heart disease is almost clarified by a great number of experimental investigations and several prospective studies. For a long time the relationship between nutrients and platelet functions was less known. Both questions are excellently summarized in the introductory paper of Prof. Renaud as well as in the contributions of the other authors dealing with the various aspects of this theme. The second session dealt withfood enrichment in general as well as from the point of view of the legislation, of technology and research. In a third part various interestingproblems connected with water were discussed: the important question of water requirement, the possible sources of water intake and different routes of water losses, thirst mechanism and its inhibition, the distribution of water in the organism and so on. In conclusion I would like to thank Prof. Renaud for his great editorial help with the first part of this book (Nutrition, Platelet Functions... ) and Dr. Astier-Dumas and Dr. Mainguy for the outstanding organisation of this symposium. A special debt of gratitude is due to the authors and to all those who have contributed towards the publication of this book. Rtischlikon-Ztirich, January 1987 Prof. Dr. J. C. Somogyi