BIO 139 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM LAB ANALOGY PAGES 248-265 MARY CATHERINE FLATH, Ph.D. DIGESTIVE ORGANS ALIMENTARY CANAL MOUTH PHARYNX ESOPHAGUS STOMACH SMALL INTESTINE LARGE INTESTINE ACCESSORY ORGANS SALIVARY GLANDS PANCREAS LIVER GALLBLADDER THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM FUNCTION BREAKDOWN FOOD INTO SUBSTANCES THAT CAN BE ABSORBED (FOR CELLULAR RESPRIATION = ENERGY) ALIMENTARY CANAL FROM MOUTH TO ANUS CHARACTERISTIC WALL STRUCTURE SPHINCTER MUSCLES BETWEEN ORGANS MOVEMENT OF FOOD BY PERISTALSIS 1
ALIMENTARY WALL STRUCTURE MUCOSA SUBMUCOSA MUSCULARIS SEROSA SPHINCTER MUSCLES PREVENT REGURGITATION OF FOOD GASTROESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER PYLORIC SPHINCTER ILEOCECAL VALVE ANAL SPHINCTERS INTERNAL EXTERNAL MOVEMENTS THROUGH THE ALIMENTARY CANAL MIXING PERISTALSIS 2
ORGANS OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL THE MOUTH SITE OF MECHANICAL DIGESTION; THE FIRST SITE OF CARBOHYDRATE DIGESTON: SALIVARY AMYLASE SALIVARY GLANDS SECRETE SALIVA, A WATERY FLUID CONTAINING SALIVARY AMYLASE INTO FOOD IN MOUTH; SALIVARY AMYLASE CHEMICALLY BREAKS POLYSACCHARIDES (GLYCOGEN AND STARCH) INTO DISACCHARIDES 3
DEGLUTITION THE PHARYNX The throat: Common passageway for food (digestive system) and air (respiratory system) THE ESOPHAGUS CARRIES THE SWALLOWED BOLUS OF FOOD TO THE STOMACH THROUGH PERISTALSIS Take a few minutes and perform the deglutition exercise SEPARATE HANDOUT THE STOMACH THE FIRST SITE OF CHEMICAL DIGESTION OF PROTEINS THROUGH THE ENZYME PEPSIN, WHICH BREAKS PROTEINS INTO PEPTIDES. 4
SEM of Gastric Pit with gastric glands secreting pepsin and HCl * THE PANCREAS SECRETES PANCREATIC JUICE CONTAINING AMYLASE, PROTEINASES, LIPASES, AND NUCLEASES INTO DUODENUM; THESE ENZYMES BREAK DOWN EACH OF THE MACROMOLECULES WE INGEST 5
Take a look at the pancreas Slide: The portions other than the Islets are digestive. D U O D E N U M PANCREAS THE LIVER PRODUCES BILE WHICH EMULSIFIES FATS IN THE DUODENUM BILE EMULSIFIES FAT INCREASES ITS SURFACE AREA FOR MORE EFFECTIVE DIGESTION BY LIPASES 6
Liver Histology: Hepatic Lobule = take a look at the liver slide THE GALLBLADDER STORES BILE (PRODUCED IN LIVER) BETWEEN MEALS; BILE IS DEPOSITED BILE INTO THE DUODENUM 7
THE SMALL INTESTINE SITE OF COMPLETION OF DIGESTION (DUODENUM; LACTASE, SUCRASE, MALTASE, DUODENAL PEPTIDASES; LIPASES) SITE OF ABSORPTION OF SIMPLE NUTRIENTS (JEJUNUM & ILEUM) THE SMALL INTESTINE IS SUSPENDED IN THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY BY MESENTERY 8
INTESTINAL MUCOSA LINING IS SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM WITH GOBLET CELLS AND MICROVILLI INTESTINAL VILLI ARE LINED BY INTESTINAL GLANDS INTESTINAL VILLI HAVE A LACTEAL IN THEIR CORE LM OF INTESTINAL VILLI ULTRASTRUCTURE OF SMALL INTESTINE 9
A LACTEAL Intestinal Wall Model: Note Lacteals SIMPLE COLUMNAR ET: DUODENUM~LOW POWER~ LAB LIGHT MICROGRAPHS OF THE SMALL INTESTINE OBTAIN SIMPLE COLUMNAR ET OR DUODENUM SLIDE INTESTINAL VILLI SIMPLE COLUMNAR ET: DUODENUM~HIGH POWER~ SIMPLE COLUMNAR ET: DUODENUM ~OIL IMMERSION~ SIMPLE COLUMNAR ET GOBLET CELLS IN SIMPLE COLUMNAR ET 10
THE LARGE INTESTINE SITE OF REABSORPTION OF WATER FROM CHYME LM OF LARGE INTESTINE 11
The Large Intestine Digestive Fetal Pig Dissection Mouth Cavity tongue, teeth, hard palate, soft palate, pharynx, epiglottis, probe into glottis larynx/trachea, and probe into pharynx esophagus Thoracic Cavity - esophagus Abdominopelvic Cavity liver, gallbladder, stomach with rugae & pyloric sphincter, spleen, pancreas, small intestine with mesentery, spiral colon/large intestine, cecum, rectum, anus ***** Thyroid gland Larynx Trachea Thymus gland Heart Liver Small Intestine Urinary (allantoic) Bladder Lungs Diaphragm Spleen Large Intestine - (Spiral Colon) Umbilical Arteries 12
External Nares Hard Palate Soft Palate Opening into Nasopharynx Epiglottis Tongue PRACTICE LAB DIGESTIVE QUIZ 13
SIMPLE COLUMNAR ET: DUODENUM~HIGH POWER~ SIMPLE COLUMNAR ET 14
NAME THE SCIENTIFIC TERM FOR SWALLOWING DEGLUTITION 15
A LACTEAL Name the structure. Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn Copyright 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Green Lacteals 16
D U O D E N U M PANCREAS Take a look at the pancreas slide 17
pancreas ***** 18
Name the organ. Green: Gallbladder; White: Stomach; Red: Spleen Name the organ White: pancreas Name the organ or structure. 19
Yellow: Right Lung; Black: Diaphragm; Green: Liver. Name the structure(s) Rectum down back wall; Female with Ovaries and Uterine Horns Name the organ. Green: Liver; Red: Small Intestines with Mesenteries Name the organ. 20
Rectum. ***** 21
Good luck studying 22