Condition Congestive heart failure I11.0; I13.0; I13.2; I42.0; I50 CO3C Left ventricular dysfunction I50.1; I50.9 E11 1; E11 9

Similar documents
Supplementary Online Content

ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, or peripheral artery embolism

Supplementary Online Content

Supplementary Appendix

SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL

Evaluate Risk of Stroke & Bleeding in AF Patients

Where a licence is displayed above, please note the terms and conditions of the licence govern your use of this document.

SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIALS

Stratificazione del rischio, corretto bilancio tra ischemia e bleeding: il beneficio clinico netto

Apixaban for Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease on Dialysis

Supplementary Online Content

Comorbidity or medical history Existing diagnoses between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2011 AF management care AF symptoms Tachycardia

NOAs for stroke prevention in Atrial Fibrillation: potential advantages in the elderly patients. Giancarlo Agnelli

Atrial Fibrillation Implementation challenges. Lesley Edgar Ross Maconachie

Show Me the Outcomes!

Følgende dias er fremlagt ved DCS / DTS Fællesmøde 13. januar 2011 og alle rettigheder tilhører foredragsholderen. Gengivelse må kun foretages ved

V. Roldán, F. Marín, B. Muiña, E. Jover, C. Muñoz-Esparza, M. Valdés, V. Vicente, GYH. Lip

Objectives. Falling Down on Warfarin Therapy. CHADS 2 Score. CHADS 2 & CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc Score. HAS-BLED Score 04/08/2014. Real World Application

Recalibration of the HAS-BLED score Nielsen, Peter Brønnum; Larsen, Torben Bjerregaard; Lip, Gregory

HAS-BLED. Ron Pisters, MD Maastricht University Medical Centre (NL) No conflict of interest

Indications of Anticoagulants; Which Agent to Use for Your Patient? Marc Carrier MD MSc FRCPC Thrombosis Program Ottawa Hospital Research Institute

Anti-thromboticthrombotic drugs

AF stroke prevention in the Canadian context

Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure: A Cause or a Consequence

Current state of the art and new horizons for stroke prevention in AF How to Improve Practical Decision-making in Everyday Clinical Practice

Management of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Coronary Artery Stenting 경북대의전원내과조용근

Supplementary Online Content

NUOVI ANTICOAGULANTI NELL ANZIANO: indicazioni e controindicazioni. Mario Cavazza Medicina d Urgenza Pronto Soccorso AOU di Bologna

Supplementary Online Content

Trends and Variation in Oral Anticoagulant Choice in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation,

New Data Reaffirm Positive Benefit-Risk Balance of Bayer s Xarelto in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation in Daily Clinical Practice

L. Fauchier (1), S. Taillandier (1), I. Lagrenade (1), C. Pellegrin (1), L. Gorin (1), A. Bernard (1), B. Rauzy (1), D. Babuty (1), GYL.

Antithrombotics in Stroke management

Primary Prevention of Stroke

Supplementary Appendix

Direct Oral Anticoagulant Use in Valvular Atrial Fibrillation

Aalborg Universitet. Published in: B M J (Online) DOI (link to publication from Publisher): /bmj.i3189. Creative Commons License CC BY-NC 4.

DECLARATION OF CONFLICT OF INTEREST

What s New in the AF Guidelines

Atrial Fibrillation. 2 nd Annual National Hospitalist Conference San Antonio, TX September 7, 2018

Secondary Preven-on of Thromboembolic Stroke: Clinical Data and Recommenda-ons from the ESC Atrial Fibrilla-on Guideline Update 2012

Updates in Stroke Management. Jessica A Starr, PharmD, FCCP, BCPS Associate Clinical Professor Auburn University Harrison School of Pharmacy

Defining Sub-Clinical Atrial Fibrillation and its management

RETROSPECTIVE CLAIMS DATABASE STUDIES OF DIRECT ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS (DOACS) FOR STROKE PREVENTION IN NONVALVULAR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION

Draft Agreed by Cardiovascular Working Party 25 Jan Adoption by CHMP for release for consultation 17 Feb 2011

NOACs in AF. Dr Fiona Stewart. Auckland Heart Group and Auckland DHB

On behalf of the RE-CIRCUIT Investigators. March 19, :45 am 10:55 am. Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.

MODULE 1: Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Benjamin Bell, MD, FRCPC

Study period Total sample size (% women) 899 (37.7%) Warfarin Aspirin

DS 2. 72,452 subjects who had an ATRIA score of 0 to 5 (low risk).

Apixaban for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. August 2010

DOAC the story so far... Dr GM Benson Director NI Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre BHSCT

Troponin I elevation increases the risk of death and stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation a RE-LY substudy. Ziad Hijazi, MD

A Patient Unsuitable for VKA Treatment

Atrial Fibrillaiton and Heart Failure: Anticoagulation therapy in all cases?

Supplementary Online Content

Supplementary Online Content

2018 OPTIONS FOR INDIVIDUAL MEASURES: REGISTRY ONLY. MEASURE TYPE: Process

Aalborg Universitet. Published in: Scientific Reports. DOI (link to publication from Publisher): /s

New options in Stroke Prevention in AF Paul Dorian University of Toronto St Michael s Hospital

Anticoagulation. MPharm Programme & OSPAP Programme. Tania Jones Senior Lecturer in Pharmacy Practice & Therapeutics

2012 focussed update of the ESC Guidelines for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation

RESEARCH. Shirley V Wang, Jessica M Franklin, Robert J Glynn, Sebastian Schneeweiss, Wesley Eddings, Joshua J Gagne. open access

Oral Anticoagulation Drug Class Prior Authorization Protocol

Current Guideline for AF Treatment. Young Keun On, MD, PhD, FHRS Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine

MEDLINE for studies published through March 11, 2015, that reported on AF and stroke, bleeding risk factors, and stroke prevention.

IS THERE STILL A PLACE FOR VITAMINE K ANTAGONISTS?

Assise de l AMCAR : 27Avril Anticoagulant treatment of AF

Dabigatran Evidence in Real Practice

Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion

Atrial Fibrillation and Heart failure

PCI in Patients with AF Optimizing Oral Anticoagulation Regimen

State of art in anticoagulation in non valvular Atrial Fibrillation: the additional value of Rivaroxaban real life data

Afib, Stroke, and DOAC. Albert Luo, MD. Cardiology Lindsey Frischmann, DO. Neurology Xiao Cai, MD. HBS

Supplementary Online Content

Supplementary Online Content

A2.1: Main model assumptions

Prepared by Pfizer-BMS alliance in response to an unsolicited request Not for further distribution

AF review. Petr Polasek

Controversies in Risk Stratification

National Horizon Scanning Centre. Irbesartan (Aprovel) for prevention of cardiovascular complications in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation

2019 COLLECTION TYPE: MIPS CLINICAL QUALITY MEASURES (CQMS) MEASURE TYPE: Process

Atrial Fibrillation. A guide for Southwark General Practice. Key Messages. Always work within your knowledge and competency

On behalf of the RE-CIRCUIT Investigators. March 19, :45 am 10:55 am. Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Medical Apps for Cardiology Uses. There s an App for That!

pat hways Key therapeutic topic Published: 26 February 2016 nice.org.uk/guidance/ktt16

CADTH Therapeutic Review

Results from RE-LY and RELY-ABLE

RESEARCH. INTRODUCTION Patients with atrial fibrillation have a substantial risk of stroke, which is modified by the presence or absence of

MY APPROACH to the use of NOACs for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation Lip, Gregory

Drug Class Monograph

Terapia Anticoagulante Oggi: Il Valore Aggiunto Dei Noacs Versus La Terapia Standard; Gli Eventi Avversi In PS Noemi Renzi PS/OBI NOA (MS); ATNO.

Anticoagulation Task Force

Stroke Prevention & Atrial Fibrillation. Susanne Christie Arrhythmia Nurse Specialist 24 th September 2015

Question 1: Between 1 July 2014 and 30 June 2015, in the area covered by your CCG:

Clinical Study Synopsis

Atrial fibrillation: current approaches to management

Atrial Fibrillation Topics for Today. Clinical Controversies Management of Atrial Fibrillation. Atrial Fibrillation in the ER Topics for Today

The risk of ischemic stroke is 5 times as high in individuals

Transcription:

Comparative effectiveness and safety of non-vitamin K antagonists oral anticoagulants (OACs) and warfarin in daily clinical practice: A propensity weighted nationwide cohort study. Supplementary material Torben Bjerregaard Larsen, MD, PhD 1,2, Flemming Skjøth, MSc, PhD 2,3, Peter Brønnum ielsen, MSc, PhD 1,2, Jette Kjældgaard ordstrøm, MSc 2, Gregory Y.H. Lip, MD 2,4 Supplementary Table 1 Definitions on comorbidity and concomitant medication according to ICD-10 codes and ATC-codes. Conditions marked with was used in the calculation of the CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score. Conditions marked with # was used in the calculation of the HAS-BLED score. International Classification of Diseases 10th revision (ICD-10) code Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) code Condition Congestive heart failure I11.0; I13.0; I13.2; I42.0; I50 CO3C Left ventricular dysfunction I50.1; I50.9 #Hypertension See specified definition* Diabetes mellitus E10.0; E10.1; E10 9; E11 0; A10 E11 1; E11 9 #Ischemic stroke I63; I64 Systemic embolism I74 #Transient ischemic disease G45 Aortic plaque I70 0 Peripheral arterial disease I70 2-I70 9; I71; I73 9 Myocardial infarction I21-I23 #Moderate/severe renal disease I12 I13 00 01 02 03 04 05 07 11 14 17 18 19 Q61 #Moderate/Severe liver disease B150 B160 B162 B190 K704 K72 K766 I85 Cancer C Chronic pulmonary disorder J44 Mitral stenosis I05 Mechanical heart valve Z952 Z953 Z954 #Haemorrhagic stroke intercranial I60 I61 I62 bleeding #Extracranial or unclassified major bleeding D62 J942 H113 H356 H431 02 95 R04 R31 R58 #Gastrointestinal bleeding K250 K260 K270 K280 K290 #Traumatic intercranial bleeding S063C S064 S065 S066 #Alcohol E224 E529A F10 G312 G621 G721 I426 K292 K70 K860 L278A O354 T51 Z714 Z721 Pulmonary embolism I26 Deep venous thromboembolism I801 I802 I803 I808 I809 I819

I636 I676 I822 I823 I829 Atrial fibrillation I48 Medication B01AF02 B01AE07 B01AF01 B01AA03 Phenprocoumon B01AA04 #Aspirin B01AC06 #Clopidogrel B01AC04 Beta-blockers C07 Statins C10 #on Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs M01A * We identified subjects with hypertension from combination treatment with at least two of the following classes of antihypertensive drugs: I Alpha adrenergic blockers (C02A, C02B, C02C) II on-loop diuretics (C02DA, C02L, C03A, C03B, C03D, C03E, C03X, C07C, C07D, C08G, C09BA, C09DA, C09XA52) III Vasodilators (C02DB, C02DD, C02DG, C04, C05) IV Beta blockers (C07) V Calcium channel blockers (C07F, C08, C09BB, C09DB) VI Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (C09)

Supplementary table 2. Risk score definitions Risk score CHA 2 DS 2 VASc a Points if present Congestive heart failure or Left Ventricular Dysfunction 1 Hypertension 1 Age 65 years 1 Age 75 years 1 Diabetes mellitus 1 Stroke (ischemic stroke, transient ischemic disease or systemic embolism) 2 Vascular disease (myocardial infarction, peripheral arterial disease, or aortic 1 plaque) Sex category (female) 1 HAS-BLED b Hypertension 1 Abnormal renal function 1 Abnormal hepatic function 1 Stroke (ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack) 1 Bleeding 1 Labile international normalized ratio c 1 Elderly age ( 65 years) 1 Drugs (aspirin, clopidogrel, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) 1 Alcohol intake 1 a Reflects stroke risk in atrial fibrillation patients not in anticoagulant therapy (Lip GYH, ieuwlaat R, Pisters R, Lane DA, Crijns HJGM. Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation using a novel risk factor-based approach: the euro heart survey on atrial fibrillation. Chest 2010;137(2):263-72) b Reflects bleeding risk in atrial fibrillation patients undergoing anticoagulant therapy (Pisters R, Lane DA, ieuwlaat R, de Vos CB, Crijns HJGM, Lip GYH. A novel user-friendly score (HAS-BLED) to assess 1-year risk of major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation: the Euro Heart Survey. Chest 2010;138(5):1093-100) c ot included due to unavailable information

Supplementary Table 3 Odds ratio (OR) for choosing treatment vs any of three alternatives. Highly significant predictors, with OR>1.1 or OR<0.9 are boldfaced and discussed in text. Below one indicate favour for any alternative; above one indicate favour for treatment. Age, 5 years increase* 1.04 (1.03-1.05) 0.85 (0.85-0.86) 1.07 (1.06-1.08) 1.08 (1.07-1.08) Female sex 1.00 (0.95-1.05) 0.73 (0.70-0.76) 1.17 (1.11-1.23) 1.15 (1.11-1.19) Prior AF diagnose 1.68 (1.59-1.78) 1.91 (1.83-1.99) 1.11 (1.05-1.16) 0.52 (0.50-0.54) Cancer 1.05 (0.98-1.13) 0.68 (0.64-0.72) 1.06 (0.99-1.13) 1.22 (1.16-1.27) Ischemic stroke/se/tia 1.55 (1.46-1.66) 0.80 (0.76-0.85) 1.13 (1.06-1.21) 0.91 (0.87-0.95) Heart failure or LVD 0.92 (0.85-1.00) 0.75 (0.70-0.80) 0.73 (0.67-0.79) 1.41 (1.34-1.48) Vascular disease 0.88 (0.81-0.94) 0.58 (0.54-0.62) 0.74 (0.69-0.80) 1.66 (1.58-1.74) Renal dysfunction 0.50 (0.43-0.59) 0.20 (0.17-0.24) 0.36 (0.30-0.43) 4.25 (3.83-4.71) COPD 1.02 (0.93-1.12) 0.64 (0.59-0.69) 1.01 (0.93-1.11) 1.30 (1.22-1.37) Prior Bleeding 1.25 (1.16-1.35) 0.79 (0.74-0.84) 1.12 (1.04-1.21) 1.01 (0.96-1.06) Hypertension 0.97 (0.92-1.02) 0.88 (0.85-0.92) 0.96 (0.91-1.01) 1.12 (1.08-1.15) Diabetes 1.06 (0.99-1.14) 0.88 (0.84-0.93) 0.91 (0.85-0.98) 1.10 (1.05-1.15) Aspirin 0.89 (0.84-0.94) 0.89 (0.86-0.93) 0.90 (0.86-0.95) 1.18 (1.14-1.22) Beta Blocker 0.92 (0.87-0.97) 0.99 (0.95-1.03) 0.94 (0.89-0.99) 1.07 (1.03-1.10) SAIDs 0.91 (0.86-0.97) 1.04 (1.00-1.09) 0.89 (0.84-0.94) 1.06 (1.02-1.10) Statins 1.05 (1.00-1.11) 0.92 (0.88-0.96) 0.95 (0.91-1.00) 1.06 (1.02-1.09) *Linear effect. SE: Systemic embolism; TIA: Transient ischemic attack; COPD: Compulsive obstructive pulmonary disease; LVD: Left ventricular dysfunction; SAID's: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Supplementary Figure 1. Flowchart of patients excluded from study material. Patients with first time prescription of apixaban, dabigatran, rivaroxaban or warfarin in the period August 1, 2011 to ovember 30, 2015 12,945 38,259 19,914 50,950 Total 122,068 Reduced dose 2.5 mg 5,091 110mg 22,102 15 mg 7,842 - - Total 35,035 Valvular AF Prior DVT Prior PE OAC within 1 year 130 425 344 606 209 449 147 2,651 149 2,150 1,282 1,299 1,421 8,510 5,386 197 Total 1,909 11,534 7,159 4,753 Final study population 6,349 12,701 7,192 35,436 Total 61,678

0 200 400 600 800 1000 umber of new starters pr month Supplementary Figure 2. Time trends of number of treatment naive patients initiated on anticoagulation, since introduction of dabigatran. 01jul2011 01jul2012 01jul2013 01jul2014 01jul2015 month

0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.000.020.040.060.080.10 0.000.020.040.060.080.10 0.00 0.03 0.06 0.09 0.12 0.00 0.03 0.06 0.09 0.12 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 Supplementary Figure 3a. Crude cumulative incidence curves of stroke endpoints according to current treatment. Crude failure curves Ischemic stroke/se Ischemic stroke/se Weighted failure curves Ischemic stroke Ischemic stroke Supplementary Figure 3b. Crude cumulative incidence curves of bleeding endpoints according to current treatment. Crude failure curves Any bleeding Any bleeding Weighted failure curves Major bleeding Major bleeding Intracranial bleeding Intracranial bleeding

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 Supplementary Figure 3c. Crude cumulative incidence curves of all-cause death and combined endpoint ischemic stroke/se or all-cause death according to current treatment. Crude failure curves All-cause death All-cause death Weighted failure curves Ischemic stroke/se/all-cause Ischemic death stroke/se/all-cause death

9

Supplementary Figure 4a. Propensity weighted (IPTW) Cox hazard ratios for 2.5 years follow-up (intension to treat) for OACs compared to warfarin for stroke and death endpoints. Strata / Treatment Ischemic stroke/se Ischemic stroke Death Ischemic stroke/se/death Entire AF cohort (Main analysis) 1.01 (0.86 1.18) 1.03 (0.88 1.21) 0.67 (0.58 0.77) 0.78 (0.70 0.86) 1.01 (0.81 1.27) 1.06 (0.84 1.34) 0.65 (0.54 0.79) 0.76 (0.65 0.88) 0.80 (0.69 0.94) 0.84 (0.72 0.99) 0.96 (0.87 1.06) 0.90 (0.83 0.98) AF hospitalised cohort (Sensitivity analysis) 0.96 (0.80 1.16) 0.99 (0.83 1.19) 0.69 (0.59 0.80) 0.78 (0.69 0.88) 0.89 (0.68 1.15) 0.90 (0.69 1.18) 0.68 (0.54 0.87) 0.74 (0.61 0.89) 0.85 (0.71 1.03) 0.87 (0.72 1.05) 0.92 (0.82 1.03) 0.89 (0.80 0.98) Age<65yr (Supplementary analysis) 1.04 (0.70 1.55) 1.00 (0.66 1.49) 0.53 (0.27 1.03) 0.77 (0.54 1.10) 0.94 (0.76 1.17) 1.02 (0.81 1.27) 0.64 (0.51 0.79) 0.77 (0.66 0.90) 0.84 (0.59 1.20) 0.93 (0.64 1.33) 1.01 (0.74 1.38) 0.93 (0.73 1.18) Age>=65yr (Supplementary analysis) 1.00 (0.84 1.19) 1.04 (0.88 1.24) 0.67 (0.58 0.77) 0.77 (0.68 0.86) 1.02 (0.78 1.35) 1.07 (0.81 1.41) 0.64 (0.52 0.79) 0.74 (0.62 0.87) 0.78 (0.66 0.93) 0.81 (0.68 0.97) 0.93 (0.84 1.03) 0.87 (0.80 0.95) Primary stroke protection (Supplementary analysis) 0.93 (0.71 1.22) 1.00 (0.75 1.31) 0.64 (0.54 0.75) 0.70 (0.60 0.81) 1.00 (0.67 1.50) 1.05 (0.69 1.59) 0.65 (0.54 0.79) 0.71 (0.59 0.84) 0.79 (0.63 1.00) 0.83 (0.66 1.06) 0.90 (0.80 1.00) 0.88 (0.80 0.98) Secondary stroke protection (Supplementary analysis) 1.02 (0.85 1.23) 1.04 (0.86 1.26) 0.73 (0.58 0.91) 0.90 (0.77 1.04) 0.95 (0.76 1.18) 0.99 (0.80 1.24) 0.55 (0.39 0.79) 0.78 (0.64 0.95) 0.79 (0.64 0.97) 0.82 (0.66 1.02) 1.12 (0.93 1.34) 0.90 (0.78 1.04) 10

Supplementary Figure 4b. Propensity weighted (IPTW) Cox hazard ratios for 2.5 years follow-up (intension to treat) for OACs compared to warfarin for bleeding endpoints. Strata / Treatment Any bleeding Major bleeding Intracranial bleeding Entire AF cohort (Main analysis) 0.64 (0.54 0.76) 0.63 (0.52 0.76) 0.83 (0.52 1.34) 0.68 (0.59 0.79) 0.68 (0.58 0.80) 0.39 (0.27 0.56) 0.98 (0.87 1.10) 1.03 (0.90 1.17) 0.66 (0.45 0.98) AF hospitalised cohort (Sensitivity analysis) 0.68 (0.56 0.82) 0.66 (0.53 0.81) 0.87 (0.51 1.51) 0.69 (0.58 0.83) 0.70 (0.58 0.83) 0.38 (0.26 0.57) 0.96 (0.83 1.10) 0.99 (0.85 1.16) 0.71 (0.45 1.11) Age<65yr (Supplementary analysis) 0.39 (0.23 0.66) 0.36 (0.20 0.65) 0.71 (0.17 3.09) 0.64 (0.52 0.79) 0.57 (0.45 0.71) 0.89 (0.44 1.82) 0.77 (0.54 1.08) 0.73 (0.50 1.08) 0.43 (0.08 2.15) Age>=65yr (Supplementary analysis) 0.69 (0.58 0.83) 0.69 (0.56 0.84) 0.85 (0.51 1.41) 0.68 (0.57 0.81) 0.69 (0.57 0.82) 0.31 (0.21 0.48) 1.01 (0.89 1.14) 1.09 (0.95 1.25) 0.69 (0.46 1.02) Primary stroke protection (Supplementary analysis) 0.61 (0.50 0.74) 0.59 (0.48 0.74) 0.78 (0.43 1.42) 0.69 (0.59 0.81) 0.67 (0.57 0.79) 0.43 (0.29 0.63) 0.98 (0.86 1.11) 1.03 (0.89 1.19) 0.58 (0.36 0.93) Secondary stroke protection (Supplementary analysis) 0.74 (0.54 1.00) 0.77 (0.54 1.10) 0.62 (0.28 1.36) 0.69 (0.46 1.03) 0.63 (0.46 0.88) 0.28 (0.13 0.62) 0.97 (0.75 1.25) 1.06 (0.79 1.41) 0.77 (0.39 1.52) 0.01 0.05 0.20 1.00 5.00 11

Supplementary Figure 5a. Sensitivity analyses. Cox hazard ratios for 1 year follow-up (intension to treat) for OACs compared to warfarin for main stroke, bleeding and death endpoints. Four analysis methods and 2 cohort definitions are contrasted. Approach / Treatment Ischemic stroke/se Any bleeding Death Crude, entire AF cohort 1.33 (1.15 1.55) 0.65 (0.55 0.77) 0.59 (0.51 0.67) 0.87 (0.77 0.98) 0.54 (0.48 0.61) 0.32 (0.28 0.35) 0.87 (0.73 1.02) 0.97 (0.85 1.11) 0.88 (0.79 0.97) Adjusted, entire AF cohort 1.10 (0.94 1.28) 0.66 (0.56 0.79) 0.67 (0.59 0.77) 1.01 (0.88 1.15) 0.67 (0.59 0.76) 0.55 (0.49 0.62) 0.79 (0.67 0.94) 1.02 (0.89 1.16) 0.94 (0.85 1.05) IPTW, entire AF cohort (Main analysis) 1.08 (0.91 1.27) 0.63 (0.53 0.76) 0.65 (0.56 0.75) 1.17 (0.89 1.54) 0.61 (0.51 0.74) 0.63 (0.48 0.82) 0.83 (0.69 0.99) 0.99 (0.86 1.14) 0.92 (0.82 1.03) SMR, entire AF cohort 1.11 (0.92 1.34) 0.69 (0.56 0.85) 0.68 (0.58 0.80) 1.07 (0.91 1.26) 0.70 (0.59 0.82) 0.59 (0.51 0.69) 0.88 (0.72 1.09) 1.00 (0.85 1.17) 0.94 (0.83 1.07) Crude, AF hospitalised cohort 1.17 (0.98 1.39) 0.65 (0.54 0.79) 0.58 (0.49 0.67) 0.78 (0.67 0.90) 0.51 (0.44 0.58) 0.27 (0.24 0.31) 0.84 (0.69 1.02) 0.97 (0.83 1.14) 0.82 (0.73 0.94) Adjusted, AF hospitalised cohort 1.02 (0.85 1.21) 0.72 (0.59 0.87) 0.74 (0.63 0.86) 0.97 (0.83 1.14) 0.69 (0.60 0.80) 0.58 (0.50 0.67) 0.76 (0.63 0.93) 1.06 (0.90 1.24) 0.94 (0.83 1.07) IPTW, AF hospitalised cohort 1.03 (0.86 1.25) 0.68 (0.55 0.83) 0.67 (0.57 0.79) 1.00 (0.72 1.38) 0.61 (0.49 0.76) 0.69 (0.48 0.98) 0.86 (0.70 1.07) 1.01 (0.86 1.19) 0.88 (0.77 1.01) SMR, AF hospitalised cohort 1.01 (0.81 1.27) 0.81 (0.63 1.04) 0.70 (0.58 0.85) 0.99 (0.83 1.18) 0.73 (0.61 0.89) 0.61 (0.51 0.74) 0.92 (0.68 1.24) 1.07 (0.88 1.32) 0.93 (0.79 1.09) 12

Supplementary Figure 5b. Sensitivity analyses. Cox hazard ratios for 2.5 years follow-up (intension to treat) for OACs compared to warfarin for main stroke, bleeding and death endpoints. Four analysis methods and 2 cohort definitions are contrasted. Approach / Treatment Ischemic stroke/se Any bleeding Death Crude, entire AF cohort 1.27 (1.10 1.46) 0.66 (0.57 0.77) 0.59 (0.52 0.66) 0.79 (0.71 0.88) 0.59 (0.54 0.65) 0.34 (0.31 0.37) 0.85 (0.73 0.99) 0.97 (0.87 1.09) 0.88 (0.81 0.96) Adjusted, entire AF cohort 1.07 (0.92 1.23) 0.66 (0.57 0.77) 0.67 (0.59 0.76) 0.94 (0.84 1.05) 0.71 (0.65 0.78) 0.60 (0.55 0.65) 0.78 (0.67 0.91) 0.99 (0.89 1.11) 0.94 (0.87 1.03) IPTW, entire AF cohort (Main analysis) 1.01 (0.86 1.18) 0.64 (0.54 0.76) 0.67 (0.58 0.77) 1.01 (0.81 1.27) 0.68 (0.59 0.79) 0.65 (0.54 0.79) 0.80 (0.69 0.94) 0.98 (0.87 1.10) 0.96 (0.87 1.06) SMR, entire AF cohort 1.05 (0.88 1.25) 0.66 (0.55 0.80) 0.68 (0.59 0.79) 0.97 (0.85 1.11) 0.72 (0.64 0.81) 0.62 (0.55 0.70) 0.86 (0.71 1.03) 1.01 (0.88 1.15) 0.95 (0.85 1.05) Crude, AF hospitalised cohort 1.11 (0.94 1.31) 0.66 (0.55 0.78) 0.58 (0.51 0.67) 0.72 (0.64 0.82) 0.55 (0.49 0.61) 0.30 (0.27 0.33) 0.85 (0.71 1.01) 0.94 (0.82 1.07) 0.83 (0.75 0.92) Adjusted, AF hospitalised cohort 0.99 (0.83 1.17) 0.70 (0.59 0.84) 0.73 (0.64 0.84) 0.93 (0.81 1.06) 0.72 (0.64 0.80) 0.63 (0.57 0.70) 0.77 (0.65 0.92) 0.99 (0.86 1.13) 0.94 (0.84 1.04) IPTW, AF hospitalised cohort 0.96 (0.80 1.16) 0.68 (0.56 0.82) 0.69 (0.59 0.80) 0.89 (0.68 1.15) 0.69 (0.58 0.83) 0.68 (0.54 0.87) 0.85 (0.71 1.03) 0.96 (0.83 1.10) 0.92 (0.82 1.03) SMR, AF hospitalised cohort 0.97 (0.79 1.20) 0.76 (0.60 0.95) 0.71 (0.59 0.84) 0.93 (0.80 1.08) 0.76 (0.66 0.87) 0.65 (0.57 0.75) 0.90 (0.70 1.17) 1.03 (0.87 1.22) 0.91 (0.80 1.03) 13

Supplementary Figure 6a. Propensity weighted (IPTW) Cox hazard ratios for 1 years follow-up (continuous treatment) for OACs compared to warfarin for stroke and death endpoints. Strata / Treatment Ischemic stroke/se Ischemic stroke Death Ischemic stroke/se/death Entire AF cohort (Main analysis) 1.08 (0.92 1.28) 1.11 (0.94 1.31) 0.67 (0.58 0.79) 0.81 (0.72 0.91) 1.14 (0.85 1.53) 1.22 (0.91 1.64) 0.59 (0.45 0.77) 0.75 (0.62 0.92) 0.78 (0.65 0.95) 0.82 (0.68 1.00) 0.96 (0.85 1.08) 0.88 (0.79 0.97) AF hospitalised cohort (Sensitivity analysis) 1.03 (0.85 1.24) 1.06 (0.87 1.28) 0.71 (0.60 0.83) 0.82 (0.72 0.93) 1.00 (0.71 1.41) 1.02 (0.72 1.45) 0.65 (0.45 0.94) 0.73 (0.56 0.93) 0.83 (0.66 1.03) 0.84 (0.67 1.06) 0.91 (0.79 1.05) 0.87 (0.76 0.98) Age<65yr (Supplementary analysis) 1.05 (0.69 1.61) 1.01 (0.66 1.55) 0.46 (0.21 1.02) 0.74 (0.50 1.09) 1.02 (0.79 1.33) 1.17 (0.90 1.52) 0.59 (0.43 0.81) 0.80 (0.65 0.97) 0.77 (0.51 1.17) 0.87 (0.56 1.33) 0.82 (0.54 1.24) 0.75 (0.56 1.02) Age>=65yr (Supplementary analysis) 1.09 (0.91 1.31) 1.14 (0.95 1.37) 0.69 (0.59 0.81) 0.81 (0.72 0.92) 1.17 (0.82 1.66) 1.23 (0.86 1.75) 0.58 (0.42 0.78) 0.73 (0.58 0.92) 0.77 (0.62 0.95) 0.80 (0.64 0.99) 0.96 (0.85 1.08) 0.89 (0.79 0.99) Primary stroke protection (Supplementary analysis) 1.03 (0.77 1.39) 1.12 (0.83 1.51) 0.64 (0.53 0.77) 0.71 (0.60 0.83) 1.25 (0.70 2.24) 1.35 (0.74 2.45) 0.56 (0.42 0.74) 0.65 (0.50 0.85) 0.81 (0.61 1.08) 0.85 (0.63 1.14) 0.86 (0.75 0.99) 0.85 (0.75 0.97) Secondary stroke protection (Supplementary analysis) 1.07 (0.88 1.30) 1.10 (0.90 1.33) 0.75 (0.58 0.97) 0.96 (0.82 1.13) 1.00 (0.78 1.27) 1.06 (0.83 1.35) 0.61 (0.37 1.01) 0.86 (0.68 1.09) 0.76 (0.60 0.96) 0.79 (0.62 1.01) 1.26 (1.01 1.58) 0.91 (0.77 1.08) 14

Supplementary Figure 6b. Propensity weighted (IPTW) Cox hazard ratios for 1 years follow-up (continuous treatment) for OACs compared to warfarin for bleeding endpoints. Strata / Treatment Any bleeding Major bleeding Intracranial bleeding Entire AF cohort (Main analysis) 0.62 (0.51 0.74) 0.60 (0.48 0.74) 0.71 (0.40 1.24) 0.56 (0.45 0.69) 0.52 (0.42 0.64) 0.30 (0.16 0.53) 1.02 (0.89 1.18) 1.09 (0.93 1.28) 0.56 (0.34 0.92) AF hospitalised cohort (Sensitivity analysis) 0.64 (0.52 0.79) 0.62 (0.49 0.80) 0.75 (0.40 1.39) 0.56 (0.44 0.71) 0.55 (0.42 0.72) 0.30 (0.16 0.57) 1.07 (0.91 1.27) 1.14 (0.94 1.38) 0.61 (0.35 1.08) Age<65yr (Supplementary analysis) 0.42 (0.24 0.74) 0.37 (0.19 0.70) 0.73 (0.17 3.22) 0.51 (0.36 0.71) 0.41 (0.29 0.58) 0.60 (0.18 2.04) 0.72 (0.45 1.14) 0.67 (0.40 1.14) 0.16 (0.02 1.25) Age>=65yr (Supplementary analysis) 0.66 (0.54 0.80) 0.65 (0.52 0.81) 0.70 (0.38 1.29) 0.56 (0.44 0.70) 0.52 (0.40 0.66) 0.24 (0.12 0.47) 1.07 (0.93 1.25) 1.19 (1.01 1.40) 0.59 (0.35 0.99) Primary stroke protection (Supplementary analysis) 0.59 (0.47 0.73) 0.56 (0.44 0.73) 0.69 (0.34 1.40) 0.58 (0.45 0.74) 0.52 (0.41 0.66) 0.30 (0.15 0.58) 1.06 (0.91 1.24) 1.13 (0.95 1.35) 0.55 (0.31 0.99) Secondary stroke protection (Supplementary analysis) 0.72 (0.51 1.01) 0.74 (0.50 1.11) 0.50 (0.21 1.22) 0.66 (0.34 1.27) 0.50 (0.32 0.77) 0.27 (0.09 0.84) 0.95 (0.69 1.31) 1.04 (0.72 1.50) 0.52 (0.20 1.33) 0.01 0.05 0.20 1.00 5.00 0.01 0.05 0.20 1.00 5.00 0.01 0.05 0.20 1.00 5.00 15

Supplementary Figure 7a. Propensity weighted (IPTW) Cox hazard ratios for 2.5 years follow-up (continuous treatment) for OACs compared to warfarin for stroke and death endpoints. Strata / Treatment Ischemic stroke/se Ischemic stroke Death Ischemic stroke/se/death Entire AF cohort (Main analysis) 1.03 (0.88 1.22) 1.06 (0.90 1.25) 0.69 (0.60 0.80) 0.80 (0.72 0.89) 1.04 (0.82 1.32) 1.10 (0.86 1.41) 0.58 (0.48 0.70) 0.71 (0.61 0.82) 0.77 (0.65 0.91) 0.81 (0.68 0.96) 0.98 (0.88 1.08) 0.90 (0.82 0.98) AF hospitalised cohort (Sensitivity analysis) 0.99 (0.82 1.19) 1.02 (0.84 1.23) 0.72 (0.61 0.84) 0.81 (0.72 0.91) 0.93 (0.71 1.24) 0.95 (0.71 1.27) 0.61 (0.47 0.80) 0.69 (0.57 0.83) 0.83 (0.67 1.01) 0.85 (0.69 1.04) 0.95 (0.84 1.07) 0.89 (0.80 0.99) Age<65yr (Supplementary analysis) 1.06 (0.70 1.60) 1.01 (0.67 1.53) 0.56 (0.28 1.12) 0.79 (0.55 1.15) 0.99 (0.79 1.24) 1.09 (0.86 1.37) 0.62 (0.49 0.79) 0.79 (0.67 0.93) 0.84 (0.58 1.22) 0.93 (0.64 1.37) 0.97 (0.69 1.37) 0.89 (0.69 1.16) Age>=65yr (Supplementary analysis) 1.03 (0.87 1.23) 1.08 (0.90 1.28) 0.69 (0.59 0.79) 0.79 (0.70 0.88) 1.04 (0.78 1.40) 1.09 (0.81 1.47) 0.55 (0.45 0.69) 0.68 (0.57 0.81) 0.74 (0.61 0.89) 0.76 (0.63 0.93) 0.95 (0.86 1.06) 0.87 (0.79 0.96) Primary stroke protection (Supplementary analysis) 0.94 (0.71 1.25) 1.01 (0.76 1.35) 0.65 (0.55 0.78) 0.71 (0.61 0.83) 1.05 (0.67 1.63) 1.11 (0.70 1.76) 0.59 (0.48 0.73) 0.66 (0.55 0.80) 0.76 (0.59 0.98) 0.80 (0.62 1.04) 0.90 (0.80 1.01) 0.88 (0.79 0.98) Secondary stroke protection (Supplementary analysis) 1.05 (0.87 1.27) 1.07 (0.88 1.30) 0.73 (0.58 0.93) 0.92 (0.79 1.07) 0.98 (0.78 1.23) 1.03 (0.82 1.30) 0.51 (0.35 0.75) 0.78 (0.63 0.96) 0.75 (0.60 0.94) 0.79 (0.63 0.99) 1.17 (0.97 1.41) 0.89 (0.76 1.04) 16

Supplementary Figure 7b. Propensity weighted (IPTW) Cox hazard ratios for 2.5 years follow-up (continuous treatment) for OACs compared to warfarin for bleeding endpoints. Strata / Treatment Any bleeding Major bleeding Intracranial bleeding Entire AF cohort (Main analysis) 0.61 (0.51 0.73) 0.60 (0.49 0.73) 0.81 (0.49 1.34) 0.58 (0.49 0.67) 0.58 (0.49 0.68) 0.28 (0.18 0.44) 1.00 (0.89 1.13) 1.06 (0.92 1.21) 0.67 (0.44 1.00) AF hospitalised cohort (Sensitivity analysis) 0.62 (0.51 0.76) 0.62 (0.50 0.77) 0.79 (0.44 1.41) 0.56 (0.47 0.67) 0.58 (0.48 0.71) 0.29 (0.18 0.48) 1.00 (0.87 1.16) 1.05 (0.89 1.23) 0.70 (0.44 1.12) Age<65yr (Supplementary analysis) 0.40 (0.23 0.69) 0.36 (0.20 0.67) 0.74 (0.17 3.24) 0.52 (0.40 0.67) 0.46 (0.35 0.60) 0.58 (0.21 1.56) 0.81 (0.57 1.16) 0.77 (0.51 1.14) 0.45 (0.09 2.39) Age>=65yr (Supplementary analysis) 0.65 (0.54 0.78) 0.65 (0.53 0.80) 0.81 (0.47 1.39) 0.57 (0.48 0.68) 0.58 (0.48 0.69) 0.24 (0.15 0.40) 1.03 (0.91 1.17) 1.12 (0.97 1.29) 0.68 (0.45 1.04) Primary stroke protection (Supplementary analysis) 0.58 (0.47 0.71) 0.58 (0.46 0.73) 0.74 (0.39 1.39) 0.59 (0.49 0.71) 0.58 (0.48 0.71) 0.27 (0.16 0.45) 1.01 (0.88 1.15) 1.07 (0.92 1.24) 0.57 (0.35 0.94) Secondary stroke protection (Supplementary analysis) 0.70 (0.51 0.96) 0.73 (0.51 1.06) 0.67 (0.30 1.49) 0.63 (0.40 0.99) 0.54 (0.40 0.74) 0.29 (0.12 0.68) 1.00 (0.77 1.31) 1.08 (0.80 1.46) 0.85 (0.42 1.72) 0.01 0.05 0.20 1.00 5.00 17

18