Slika 1: Vzorci zemlje

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DELOVNI LIST INŠTITUT HAIDEGG Inštitut Haidegg je inštitut za raziskavo zemlje oz. tal. Bili so prvi, ki so leta 1987 pričeli z raziskavami. Od leta 2006 jemljejo vzorce na 1000 različnih mestih po Avstriji. S temi vzorci ugotavljajo iz katerega obdobja je zemlja. Opravljajo tudi raziskave za kmetije. Na leto opravijo približno 6000 raziskav. Opravljajo tudi raziskave na odplakah, listih, merijo kalcij pri jabolkih, ter žveplo pri smrekovih iglicah. Pri raziskovanju je najprej potrebno vzorec osušiti ter spustiti skozi sejalnik tako da dobimo homogeno snov v 2mm zrncih. Vzorci se sušijo na sobni temperaturi, zato da se ne izločijo določene snovi. Merijo vsebino težkih kovin, količino kalcija in fosforja, kalija, barija, natrija, stroncija in drugih. Pri organskih snoveh merijo policistične aromantične parametre, ki se pokažejo pri segrevanju. Raztopine opravljajo s pomočjo organskih raztopin, za katere pa porabijo veliko časa.test tal se lahko nanaša na eno ali več različnih tal analiz, opravljenih za enega od več možnih razlogov. Verjetno najbolj pogosto izvajajo testi tal, so storili, da bi ocenili koncentracijo rastlinskih dostopen rastlinskih hranil, da bi določili priporočila gnojil v kmetijstvu. Drugi testi tal se lahko stori za inženiring, geokemičnih ali ekološke preiskave. V kmetijstvu preskus tal običajno nanaša na analizo vzorca tal za določanje vsebnosti hranil, sestavo in druge lastnosti, kot je kislost ali vrednosti ph. S testi tal lahko ugotovimo, plodnost, ali pričakovani potencial rasti tal, ki kaže na pomanjkljivosti hranil, možne toksičnosti, od prekomernega plodnost in zavore od prisotnosti nebistvenih mineralov. Laboratorijski testi za vsebnosti rastlinskih hranil v prsti, delijo jih v tri kategorije: Večji hranila: dušik (N), fosforja (P) in kalija (K) Sekundarna hranila: žvepla, kalcija, magnezija Manjše hranila: železo, mangan, baker, cink, bor, molibden, klor Tla so zgornja plast zemeljske skorje, ki vsebuje razkrojene organske snovi. So pomemben naravni vir, ki je neobnovljiv v časovni lestvici življenjske dobe človeka. Je živo, dinamično, naravno telo, ki ima številne ključne vloge v kopenskih ekosistemih. So tudi glavni vir za proizvodnjo hrane. Ohranjanje zdravja tal je bistvenega pomena za trajnostno pridelavo hrane, razgradnjo odpadkov, shranjevanje toplote, skladiščenje ogljika in izmenjavo plinov. V shrambi za vzorce zemlje od leta 1968 imajo tudi vzorce zemlje iz območja Černobila pred jedrsko eksplozijo. Na inštitutu pridelujejo tudi sok in vino. Slika 1: Vzorci zemlje

WORKSHEET INSTITUTE HAIDEGG Institute Haidegg the Institute for Research on land or. mp. We were the first who in 1987 started the research. Since 2006, they are taking samples at 1,000 different locations in Austria. These samples are identified from which period the earth. They also carry out research on the farm. Per year to approximately 6,000 research. They also carry out research on the effluent, sheets, measuring calcium in apples, as well as sulfur in spruce needles. During the research is necessary to first sample of dried and lowered through the seed drill so as to form a homogeneous substance in 2mm granules. The samples are dried at room temperature, so that it does not filter out specific substances. Measuring the content of heavy metals, the amount of calcium and phosphorus, potassium, barium, sodium, strontium, and others. In the case of organic substances, measured polycystic aromantične parameters that indicate when heated. Solutions performed using organic solvents, which consume a lot of time. The test soil may refer to one or more of a variety of soil analyzes carried out on one of several possible reasons. Probably the most frequently performed soil tests are done to evaluate the concentration of plant available plant nutrients, in order to determine recommendations fertilizers in agriculture. Other soil tests may be done for engineering, ecological or geochemical investigations. In agriculture, the test soils typically refers to the analysis of a sample of soil to determine the content of the nutrient composition and other properties such as the acidity or ph level. The soil tests can determine fertility, or expected growth potential of the ground, showing the deficiencies of nutrients, the possible toxicity of excessive fertility and the brakes on the presence of non-essential minerals. Laboratory tests of plant nutrients in the soil, divided them into three categories: Major nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) Secondary nutrients: sulfur, calcium, magnesium, Minor nutrients: iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron, molybdenum, chlorine The soil is the upper layer of the earth's crust, comprising the decomposed organic matter. They are an important natural resource, which is a non-renewable time-scale in the life of man. It is a live, dynamic, natural body has many key roles in terrestrial ecosystems. They are also the main source for food production. Maintaining soil health is essential for sustainable food production, waste degradation, heat storage, carbon sequestration and gas exchange. In store for patterns of land since 1968 also they have soil samples from the area before the Chernobyl nuclear explosion. At the institute also produces juice and wine. Picture 1:The soil samples

DELOVNI LIST INŠTITUT HAIDEGG 1. Katerega leta so pričeli z raziskavami? 1980 2. Po koliko različnih mestih po Avstriji jemljejo vzorce zemlje? 10 50 1000 3000 3. Približno koliko raziskav opravijo na leto? 400 6000 10000 4. Na kateri temperaturi se sušijo vzorci in zakaj? 5. Kaj merijo? 6. Od katerega leta dalje zbirajo vzorce zemlje? 1968 7. Zakaj se izvajajo analize in testi tal? 8. Zakaj je v kmetijstvu dobro poznati kaj vsebuje zemlja, katere snovi običajno vsebuje?

9. Na katere tri kategorije delimo laboratorijske teste za vsebnosti rastlinskih hranil v prsti? 10. Kaj so tla, imajo kakšno vlogo pri ekosistemih?

REŠITVE 1. 1987 2. 1000 3. 6000 4. Vzorci se sušijo na sobni temperaturi, zato da se ne izločijo določene snovi. 5. Merijo vsebino težkih kovin, količino kalcija in fosforja, kalija, barija, natrija, stroncija in drugih. Pri organskih snoveh merijo policistične aromantične parametre, ki se pokažejo pri segrevanju. 6. 1968 7. Test tal se lahko nanaša na eno ali več različnih tal analiz, opravljenih za enega od več možnih razlogov. Verjetno najbolj pogosto izvajajo testi tal, so storili, da bi ocenili koncentracijo rastlinskih dostopen rastlinskih hranil, da bi določili priporočila gnojil v kmetijstvu. Drugi testi tal se lahko stori za inženiring, geokemičnih ali ekološke preiskave. 8. V kmetijstvu preskus tal običajno nanaša na analizo vzorca tal za določanje vsebnosti hranil, sestavo in druge lastnosti, kot je kislost ali vrednosti ph. S testi tal lahko ugotovimo, plodnost, ali pričakovani potencial rasti tal, ki kaže na pomanjkljivosti hranil, možne toksičnosti, od prekomernega plodnost in zavore od prisotnosti nebistvenih mineralov. 9. Večji hranila: dušik (N), fosforja (P) in kalija (K) Sekundarna hranila: žvepla, kalcija, magnezija Manjše hranila: železo, mangan, baker, cink, bor, molibden, klor 10. Tla so zgornja plast zemeljske skorje, ki vsebuje razkrojene organske snovi. So pomemben naravni vir, ki je neobnovljiv v časovni lestvici življenjske dobe človeka. Je živo, dinamično, naravno telo, ki ima številne ključne vloge v kopenskih ekosistemih. So tudi glavni vir za proizvodnjo hrane. Ohranjanje zdravja tal je bistvenega pomena za trajnostno pridelavo hrane, razgradnjo odpadkov, shranjevanje toplote, skladiščenje ogljika in izmenjavo plinov.

WORKSHEET THE INSTITUTE HAIDEGG 1. In which year did they start to research? 1980 2. According to how many different places in Austria do they take samples of the soil? 10 50 1000 3000 3. About how many researches are made in per year? 400 6000 10000 4. At which temperature the samples are dried, and why? 5. What do they measure? 6. From which year do they collect the samples? 1968 7. Why do they carry out analysis and soil tests? 8. Why is agriculture familiar with what is contained in the soil, which contains substances normally? 9. Which are the three categories of laboratory tests of plant nutrients in the soil? 10. What is the soil, what role does does it play in the ecosystem?