Authors: Deanna Bicego, BSc, Kathy Brown, BSc, Moraine Ruddick, BSc, Dara Storey, BSc, Corinne Wong, BSc. Supervisor: Susan R. Harris, PhD, PT
Literature review- Exercise for Women with or at Risk for Breast Cancer Related-Lymphedema Lymphedema Accepted for publication in October 2006 in Physical Therapy
In 2006, 1 in 9 women will develop breast cancer and 1/3 of them will succumb to the disease
Improved screening has resulted in increased survivorship More women are coping with the changes that may accompany the disease and its treatment
Quality of life (QOL) is the overall pleasure, comfort and enjoyment in someone s s life QOL is often affected in women with breast cancer
Improves overall health Affects mood and QOL
To examine the effect of exercise on QOL in women living with breast cancer
Initial Search strategy performed in November 2005 Electronic databases searched: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PubMed,, and PEDro Keywords: breast cancer and quality of life or QOL and exercise or physical activity
1) Females diagnosed with breast cancer 2) Physical activity or exercise 3) Quality of life 4) Standardized QOL measurement tool 5) Randomized control trials (RCT) 6) Published in a peer-reviewed reviewed journal
1) They were review articles, descriptive, co- relational, observational or survey studies, unpublished dissertations, or abstracts 2) Physical activity or exercise was related to a person s s occupation, 3) Physical activity or exercise intervention was carried out for less than four weeks, 4) They did not use a standardized QOL outcome measurement tool
Methodological Quality: -van Tulder Criteria List for the Methodological Quality Assessment (2003) Levels of Evidence: -Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM)
MEDLINE 79 EMBASE 167 CINAHL 53 410 PubMed 93 PEDro 18 178 232 Excluded duplicates 155 excluded post title and abstract screening 77 6 71 excluded due to inclusion/ exclusion criteria 3 new alerts included 9
Segal et al. (2001) Structured Exercise Improves Physical Functioning in Women with Stages I and II Breast Cancer: Results of a Randomized Control Trial Courneya et al. (2003) Randomized Controlled Trial of Exercise Training in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Survivors: Cardiopulmonary and Quality of Life Outcomes McKenzie & Kalda (2003) Effect of Upper Extremity Exercise on Secondary Lymphedema in Breast Cancer Patients: A Pilot Study Headley et al. (2004) The Effect of Seated Exercise on Fatigue and Quality of Life in Women With Advanced Breast Cancer Mustian et al. (2004) Tai Chi Chuan, health-related quality of life and self- esteem: A randomized trial with breast cancer survivors
Campbell et al. (2005) A pilot study of a supervised group exercise programme as a rehabilitation treatment for women with breast cancer receiving adjuvant treatment Sandel et al. (2005) Dance and Movement Program improves Quality-of of-life Measures in Breast Cancer Survivors Ohira et al. (2006) Effects of Weight Training on Quality of Life in Recent Breast Cancer Survivors Herrero et al. (2006) Combined Aerobic and Resistance Training in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Randomized, Controlled Pilot Trial
LEVEL SCORE STUDIES Poor 0-3 n/a Moderate 4-6 McKenzie, High 7+ Mustian, Campbell, Headley 7+ Segal, Courneya, Sandel, Ohira, Herrero
Broad range of exercise protocols including: Aerobic Resistance training Gentle arm exercises Dance and movement therapy Tai Chi-Chuan Chuan
Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy- Breast (FACT-B) The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy- General (FACT-G) Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue Version IV (FACIT-F) F) Medical Outcomes Trust 36- Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) Cancer rehabilitation evaluation system short form (CARES- SF) European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30)
McNeely et al. (2006) Effects of exercise on breast cancer patients and survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis analysis Examined the effects of exercise on QOL, fatigue, physical functioning and body composition in women living with breast cancer =
Baseline characteristics noted were age, weight, height, race, education, marital status, stage of disease, treatment type and initial activity level For the majority, control and intervention groups in each study did not statistically differ Exception: Headley et al. (2004) and Mustian et al. (2004)
Heterogeneity of Exercise Intervention and QOL outcome measures used Poor generalizability Stages of breast cancer Inability to blind subjects Small sample sizes
Physical activity and exercise are safe for women with breast cancer to perform Exercise is consistently found to be a positive predictor of QOL following breast cancer diagnosis and treatment
Most beneficial exercise regime is still unknown due to lack of consensus and the number of studies Clinicians must remain up to date on current research findings
Special thanks to Susan Harris and the various authors who contributed to our review
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