UNION COUNTY 7 COMMUNICABLE DISEASE REPORT The communicable disease summary of reportable infectious disease for January 7 December 7.
TABLE OF CONTENTS Annual Communicable Diseases... 3 Communicable Disease Summary... 3 Communicable Disease Table... Communicable Disease Graph... Chlamydia... 7 Hepatitis C... 8 Influenza-Associated Hospitalizations... 9 Gonorrhea... Campylobacteriosis... Timeliness of Reporting...
Number of Cases ANNUAL COMMUNICABLE DISEASES COMMUNICABLE DISEASE SUMMARY Union County saw a.3% decrease in communicable disease cases from to 7 (33 cases and 39 cases, respectively). Annual Communicable Disease Totals in Union County, 3-7 3 3 3 3 3 33 39 3 7. Case counts include confirmed, probable, and suspect disease classifications. Case counts do not include prison cases Numerous infectious diseases were reported during 7; however, the most frequently reported illnesses were chlamydia (9 cases), Hepatitis C ( cases), influenza-associated hospitalizations (39 cases), gonorrhea (9 cases), and campylobacteriosis ( cases). Chlamydia, Hepatitis C, gonorrhea, and campylobacteriosis were also in the top five diseases reported during and. Table. on Page illustrates all of the diseases reported in the community and the number of cases for each of these illnesses. The remainder of this document provides epidemiological data on each of these illnesses as well as brief demographic information on the cases and disease trends over the past five years. 3
ANNUAL COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Table. Communicable Diseases Reported in Union County, 7 Class A Reportable Diseases Influenza A novel virus infection 3 Class B Reportable Diseases Campylobacteriosis Chlamydia infection 9 Coccidioidomycosis Cryptosporidiosis 7 E. coli 3 Giardiasis 3 Gonorrhea 9 Haemophilus influenzae Hepatitis A Hepatitis B 9 Hepatitis C Influenza-associated hospitalization 39 Legionnaires Disease Lyme Disease Bacterial meningitis Mumps Pertussis 9 Salmonellosis Shigellosis Streptococcal Group A invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae Syphilis Tuberculosis Varicella 3 Vibriosis (not cholera) Yersiniosis Total 39
ANNUAL COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Table. Communicable Diseases Reported in Union County, 7 Class C Reportable Diseases Outbreaks Head lice Influenza Fifth Disease Norovirus Strep Throat Total 7
ANNUAL COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Notes: Case counts include confirmed, probable, and suspect disease classifications Sexually transmitted infections include chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis Enteric illnesses include campylobacteriosis, cryptosporidiosis, E. coli, giardiasis, salmonella, shigella, Vibriosis, and yersiniosis Vaccine preventable illnesses include Haemophilus influenza, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, influenza-associated hospitalizations, mumps, Streptococcus pneumoniae,, pertussis, and varicella. Bloodborne pathogens includes Hepatitis C Vector borne illness includes Lyme disease Other illness include streptococcal disease, coccidioidomycosis, Influenza A, Legionnaires disease, bacterial meningitis, and tuberculosis
Number of Cases Number of Cases CHLAMYDIA DEMOGRAPHICS Number of Cases: 9 Average Age:. Median Age: Age Range: 3-7 years Female: 9.8% Male: 3.% Chlamydia Cases by Month in Union County, 7 8 8 3 8 8 7 Decrease from :.8% EPIDEMIOLOGY Infectious Agent: Case Definition: Symptoms: Source: Chlamydia trachomatis bacteria Isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis from a clinical specimen Men may suffer from painful urination, urinary frequency, and penile discharge; while women may experience vaginal discharge Humans Mode of Transmission: Sexually transmitted Incubation Period: Prevention: 7- days Abstinence, condom use, and identification and treatment of sexual contacts of those proven to be or suspected of being infected with Chlamydia trachomatis FIVE YEAR TREND Chlamydia Cases in Union County, 3-7 3 9 8 Case Counts Year Baseline 3 7. Case counts include confirmed, probable, and suspect disease classifications. Case counts do not include prison cases 7
Number of Cases Number of Cases HEPATITIS C DEMOGRAPHICS Number of Cases: Hepatitis C Cases by Month in Union County, 7 Average Age: 39. Median Age: 33. Age Range: 8-7 years Female:.9% 8 7 3 8 3 3 Male: 7.% Increase from :.7% EPIDEMIOLOGY Infectious Agent: Case Definition: Symptoms: Source: Hepatitis C virus A positive test for Hepatitis C virus antibodies or detection of the Hepatitis C virus Those infected may be asymptomatic; however, some may experience nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, dark urine, and/or jaundice Human blood Mode of Transmission: Injection drug use through the sharing of needles and other drug paraphernalia contaminated with infected blood; non-professional tattooing or in-home tattooing through shared needles or contaminated equipment; sexual transmission inefficiently spreads the virus (rare) Incubation Period: Prevention: FIVE YEAR TREND weeks months No vaccine is available Hepatitis C Cases in Union County, 3-7 7 7 8 37 3 Case Counts Year Baseline 3 7 8. Case counts include confirmed, probable, and suspect case classifications. Case counts do not include prison cases
Number of Cases Number of Cases INFLUENZA-ASSOCIATED HOSPITALIZATIONS DEMOGRAPHICS Number of Cases: 39 Average Age:. Median Age: 7 Age Range: -93 years Female:.3% Male: 8.7% Increase from : 333.3% EPIDEMIOLOGY 8 Influenza-Associated Hospitalizations by Month in Union County, 7 3 7 3 Infectious Agent: Case Definition: Symptoms: Source: Two main types of Influenza virus: Influenza A and Influenza B; both types include different strains that tend to change from year to year An illness compatible with influenza virus infection that results in hospitalization Fever, body aches, headache, malaise, nonproductive cough, sore throat, and runny nose Humans Mode of Transmission: Direct person-to-person contact through droplet spread or via articles recently contaminated with nasopharyngeal secretions. Incubation Period: Prevention: - days The best prevention is annual vaccination; washing hands after sneezing, coughing or using a tissue; cough into sleeve and not into hands FIVE YEAR TREND 3 3 Influenza-Associated Hospitalizations in Union County, 3-7 Case Counts Year Baseline 9 3 7 39. Case counts include confirmed, probable, and suspect disease classifications. Case counts do not include prison cases 3. Data not available prior to 9; 3 baseline is a -year average 9
Number of Cases Number of Cases GONORRHEA DEMOGRAPHICS Number of Cases: 9 Gonorrhea Cases by Month in Union County, 7 Average Age: 3. Median Age: Age Range: 8-8 years Female:.8% Male: 8.% 3 3 3 3 Decrease from : 3.% EPIDEMIOLOGY Infectious Agent: Case Definition: Symptoms: Source: Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria Isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from a clinical specimen Men suffer from painful, frequent urination, and penile discharge; women may experience vaginal discharge, painful urination, and vaginal bleeding between menstrual cycles Humans Mode of Transmission: Sexually transmitted Incubation Period: Prevention: 3-8 days Abstinence, condom use, and identification and treatment of sexual contacts of those proven to be or suspected of being infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae FIVE YEAR TREND 3 Gonorrhea Cases in Union County, 3-7 8 9 7 3 7. Case counts include confirmed, probable, and suspect disease classifications. Case counts do not include prison cases Case Counts Year Baseline
Number of Cases Number of Cases CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS DEMOGRAPHICS Number of Cases: Average Age: 3. Median Age: Age Range: - years Female:.9% Male: 7.% 3 Campylobacteriosis Cases by Month in Union County, 7 Decrease from : 39.% EPIDEMIOLOGY Infectious Agent: Case Definition: Symptoms: Source: Campylobacter organisms, most commonly Campylobacter jejuni Isolation or detection of Campylobacter species with or without diarrhea Diarrhea (frequently bloody), abdominal cramps, malaise, fever, headache, nausea, and vomiting Poultry, cattle, puppies, kittens, swine, sheep rodents, and birds Mode of Transmission: Fecal-orally through undercooked meat, contaminated food or raw milk, or direct contact with infected pets, livestock or infants. Incubation Period: Prevention: - days Cook meats thoroughly, avoid cross-contamination of foods with raw meat juices, avoid unpasteurized milk and untreated water, and washing hands after contact with animals, bowel movements, changing diapers, and before eating or preparing food. FIVE YEAR TREND Campylobacteriosis Cases in Union County, 3-7 3 3 7 Case Counts Year Baseline 3 7. Case counts include confirmed, probable, and suspect disease classifications. Case counts do not include prison cases
TIMELINESS OF REPORTING Timely reporting of infectious diseases is important in identifying potential outbreaks and in reducing disease burden. Public health relies on health care providers and laboratories for identification and prompt reporting of these infectious diseases. Timeliness requirements for each reportable disease is dependent of the infectious nature and severity of the disease. Reporting lag is defined as the difference between the date the case was reported to the local health department and the date of diagnosis. For Class A diseases, median and mean lag time values should be less than since these illnesses are required to be reported to the health department immediately, and for Class B and C diseases, mean and median lag time values should be less than since these illness should be reported to the health department by the end of the next business day. Table illustrates the lag time for select reportable diseases reported in Union County during 7. Table. Reporting Lag Time for Selected Reportable Diseases in Union County, 7 Reportable Disease Reporting Requirement Cases (N) Median (Days) Campylobacteriosis By end of next business day.. Cryptosporidiosis By end of next business day 7 E. coli O7:H7 By end of next business day 3 Giardia By end of next business day 3 Influenza-Associated Hospitalization Mean (Days) By end of next business day 39 3..3 Legionnaires Disease By end of next business day. Pertussis By end of next business day 9.7 Salmonella By end of next business day..7 Shigella By end of next business day Note: Reporting lag time is the difference between the date the case was reported to the local health department and the case s date of diagnosis Date of diagnosis defaulted to lab specimen collection date or illness onset date if blank
CONTACT MARY SALIMBENE, MPH EPIDEMIOLOGIST Tel: 937-- Fax 937--8 mary.merriman@uchd.net Compiled and prepared by: Mary E. Salimbene Merriman, MPH-Epidemiologist ZACH COLLES, MPH EPIDEMIOLOGIST Tel: 937-- Fax 937--8 zach.colles@uchd.net Division of Health Promotion and Planning 9 London Avenue Suite Marysville, Ohio 3 (937) -3 3