Effets of Feeding Citrus Pulp or Corn Supplements With Inresing Levels of Added Undegrded Intke Protein on the Performne of Growing Cttle Deke Alkire Todd Thrift Willim Kunkle 1 Citrus pulp-sed supplements produed verge dily gins similr to orn-sed supplements. Inresing levels of undegrded intke protein resulted in inresed ADG nd deresed hy intke in oth orn nd itrus pulp tretment groups. Animls fed itrus pulpsed supplements onsumed less hy ompred to those fed ornsed supplements ross ll levels of undegrded intke protein. SUMMARY This tril ws designed to ompre oth orn nd itrus pulp with dded UIP s potentil supplements for growing ttle fed low qulity higrss hy. Citrus pulp supplements produed gins similr to orn nd performne ws enhned s level of UIP inresed. Mximum ADG ws hieved t.48 l of dded UIP. It is unler if.48 l of dded UIP is the optiml level of supplementtion euse it ws the highest level evluted in this tril. This reserh would suggest tht itrus pulp with dded UIP ould e used in ple of orn with dded UIP s n eonomil supplement for growing lves depending on vilility nd prie. INTRODUCTION Extensive reserh evluting itrus pulp s supplement for ttle ws onduted in the 195s nd 196s. These studies hve shown tht itrus pulp is redily onsumed y ttle nd n produe similr gins to orn produts (Sott, 1926; Chpmn et l., 1961; Ammermn et l., 1963). Reent delines in export mrkets hve mde itrus pulp n eonomil yprodut supplement. Florid forges used for summer grzing nd hy do not lwys provide dequte nutrients to meet the requirements of growing ttle (Moore et l., 1991). This results in the need for supplementtion. Citrus pulp is good (TDN = 82%) energy supplement, ut is low in protein (6.7% CP). Therefore, dditionl protein my inrese niml performne or improve utiliztion of itrus pulp supplements, resulting in more eonomil supplement for growing ttle. Depending on the physiologil stte of the niml, forge qulity, nd intke, miroil protein n provide dequte metolizle protein to meet the requirements of ttle (NRC, 1996). However, some nimls, suh s growing nd ltting ttle, hve higher protein requirement tht my not e suffiiently met y miroil protein (Pterson et l., 1996; Nelson, 1997). In these instnes, providing dditionl UIP my result in n inrese in ttle performne. The ojetive of this reserh ws to determine the effets of feeding orn nd itrus pulp-sed supplements with inresing levels of UIP to growing ttle offered low qulity higrss hy. PROCEDURE This study ws onduted t the University of Florid Beef Reserh Unit, loted in Alhu County, Florid, from Ferury 22 through My 22. Fifty Angus x Brhmn rossred lves (36 steers nd 14 heifers, men ody weight 55 ± 19 l) were utilized in n 84 d intke nd performne tril. Clves were predomintely Angus with less thn 2% Brhmn reeding. These ttle were strtified y BW nd sex nd then rndomly ssigned to one of ten tretments. Initil BW did not differ ross tretments (P>.2). Animls were housed in seven overed pens with onrete floors. Eh pen ws equipped with eight Cln gte feeders (Amerin Cln, In., Northwood, NH) tht llowed for the mesurement of totl dily hy nd supplement intke for eh niml. All hy used for this tril ws hrvested s smll squre les from psture of Argentine higrss with miniml infesttion of ommon ermud grss. Hy qulity ws initilly estimted to e 5% TDN nd 7% CP (DM sis) from smples nlyzed y DHI Forge Testing Lortory, Ith, NY. Hy, omplete minerl mix, nd wter were offered free hoie throughout the tril. Tretments onsisted of five orn-sed supplements (CORN 1-5) nd five itrus pulp-sed supplements (CITR 1-5) with n inresing level of dded UIP (Tle 1). The five levels of dded UIP were: Level 1, l; Level 2,.12 l; Level 3,.24 l; Level 4,.36 l; nd Level 5,.48 l/niml/d. All ten supplements were formulted to hve the sme level of energy (4.5 l of TDN/ niml/d) nd protein (1.34 l CP/ niml/d; Tle 2). All supplements were mixed t the University of Florid feed mill, Ginesville, FL. Eh morning ttle were fed their respetive supplement in their individul Cln gte. Eh fternoon, hy ws weighed for eh niml, nd ws provided in exess t ll times. All nimls onsumed the supplements redily. Hy refusls were weighed nd reorded weekly nd disrded fter smpling. Initil BW ws the men of weights 1 d prior to the strt of the tril s well s the first dy. Cttle were then weighed every 28 d prior to the.m. feeding. At the end of the tril, nimls were weighed on d 83 nd 84 nd verged for the finl BW. Body ondition sore ws evluted t the strt of the tril nd every 28 d throughout the tril using 1 thru 9 ondition soring system with inrements of.25 (Kunkle et l., 1994). RESULTS DIETS Supplement formultions nd 25 FLORIDA BEEF REPORT 75
tul hemil omposition of supplements nd Bhi grss hy re listed in Tles 1 nd 2. The hy used in this experiment ws similr in DM, CP, NDF, nd IVOMD (P>.2) onentrtion throughout the tril. All supplements hd similr DM (P=.73) nd OM (P=.19) ontents s expeted. There were no differenes in CP y level of dded UIP (P=.75), suggesting supplements were formulted orretly. ANIMAL RESPONSE There ws no differene (P=.38) in ADG of lves fed either orn or itrus pulp t eh level of dded UIP, ut inresing the level of UIP resulted in liner inrese (P<.1) in ADG (Figure 1). This would suggest tht miroil rude protein ws indequte t providing the protein requirements of these growing lves. The gretest 84-d ADG resulted from supplements ontining.48 l/hd/d of dded UIP. The verge BCS for ll nimls throughout the tril ws 5.4. Body ondition sore ws not different (P=.62) etween lves fed itrus pulp or orn. Hy DMI ws lower (P<.1) for nimls supplemented with CITR ompred to those supplemented with CORN (Figure 2). Level of dded UIP hd signifint (P<.1) effet on hy DMI. As level of UIP inresed, hy DMI delined linerly (P<.1; Figure 2). Totl Hy CP nd totl DOM intkes (Figures 3 nd 4, respetively) were greter (P<.1) for nimls supplemented with CORN ompred to those supplemented with CITR due to inresed hy intke. Also, s level of UIP inresed, there ws liner deline in hy CP nd DOM intkes (P<.1). When DMI ws omined for ll levels of UIP, ttle supplemented with CITR onsumed less (651 l) thn those supplemented with CORN (763 l) throughout the tril. Totl DOM intke ws not different (P=.16) etween CITR nd CORN t eh level of UIP. However, inresing levels of dded UIP used qudrti (P=.5) depression on totl DOM intke (Figure 5). The qudrti deline in totl DM, CP, nd DOM intkes s level of UIP inresed would e expeted s result of the depression of hy DMI s level of UIP inresed. Citrus pulp-sed supplements produed ADG similr to orn-sed supplements in this tril. As level of UIP inresed, ADG inresed while hy DM nd totl DOM intke deresed. Animls fed itrus pulp-sed supplements onsumed less hy ompred to those fed orn-sed supplements over ll levels of UIP. Citrus pulp-sed supplements with dded UIP ould e used s n eonomil supplement for growing lves in Florid depending on vilility nd prie. LITERATURE CITED Ammermn, C. B., P. A. vnwlleghem, A. Z. Plmer, J. W. Crpenter, J. F. Hentges, nd L. R. Arrington. 1963. Comprtive feeding vlue of dried itrus pulp nd ground orn nd o mel for fttening steers. Animl Si. Mimeo Rpt. AN 64-8, Florid Agri. Exp. St. Univ. of Florid, Ginesville. Chpmn, H. L., Jr., C. E. Hines, nd R. W. Kidder. 1961. Feeding vlue of limited fed mixed feed, itrus pulp, ground snpped orn nd lkstrp molsses for fttening steers on psture. Evergldes St. Mimeo Rpt. 61-19. Evergldes Exp. St., Belle Glde, Florid. Kunkle, W. E., R. S. Snd, nd D. O. Re. 1994. Effets of ody ondition on produtivity in eef ttle. EDIS do. SP 144, Florid Coop. Ext. Servie. Univ. of Florid, Ginesville. Moore, J. E., W. E. Kunkle, nd W. F. Brown. 1991. Forge qulity nd the need for protein nd energy supplements. Pges 113-123 in 4 th Annul Florid Beef Cttle Short Course Proeedings, Univ. of Florid, Ginesville. Nelson, M. L. 1997. Espe protein supplementtion of steers fed grss silge-sed diets. J. Anim. Si. 75: 2796-282. Ntionl Reserh Counil (NRC). 1996. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cttle (7 th Revised Ed.). Ntionl Ademy Press, Wshington, DC. Pterson, J., R. C. Cohrn, nd T. Klopfenstein. 1996. Degrdle nd undegrdle protein responses of ttle onsuming forge-sed diets. Pges 94-13 in Pro. Grzing Livest. Nutr. Conf., Univ. of Wyoming, Lrmie. Sott, J. R. 1926. Grpefruit refuse s diry feed. Florid Agri. Exp. St. Ann. Rpt. 25R-26R. Univ. of Florid, Ginesville. 1 Deke Alkire, Former Grdute Student; Todd Thrift, Assitnt Professor; Willim Kunkle, Professor (deesed); UF/IFAS, Deprtment of Animl Sienes, Ginesville, FL. 76 25 FLORIDA BEEF REPORT
Tle 1. Composition of supplements fed to growing ttle. CITR CORN Ingredient (% DM) 1 2 3 4 d 5 e 1 2 3 4 d 5 e Crked orn..... 91.46 84.59 76.77 69.44 61.22 Citrus pulp 9.65 84.32 78.24 71.74 65.11..... Soy plus (42.5% CP, 6% UIP). 7.48 14.49 22.18 29.99. 7.95 16.82 25.12 34.43 Ure 5.25 4.41 3.63 2.77 1.9 5.8 4.19 3.22 2.3 1.27 Dynmte 1.15 1.7 1.2.93.86 1.17 1.1 1.1.92.84 Complete minerl 2.1 2.4 2.7 2.11 2.14 2.15 2.17 2.19 2.22 2.25 Dynfos.94.68.55.28..14.... CP tretment with l of dded undegrded intke protein. CP tretment with.12 l of dded undegrded intke protein. CP tretment with.24 l of dded undegrded intke protein. d CP tretment with.36 l of dded undegrded intke protein. e CP tretment with.48 l of dded undegrded intke protein. Tle 2. Feeding rte nd nutrient omposition of hi grss hy nd supplements fed to growing ttle. Hy CITR CORN 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 Feeding rte l/hd/d Ad liitum 7.5 7.4 7.19 7.11 7. 7. 6.91 6.8 6.8 6.71 Formulted (l/hd/d) TDN -- 4.55 4.55 4.55 4.55 4.55 4.55 4.55 4.55 4.55 4.55 CP -- 1.36 1.36 1.36 1.36 1.36 1.36 1.36 1.36 1.36 1.36 DIP -- 1.28 1.14 1.3.9.79 1.12 1.1.88.77.66 UIP --.9.22.33.46.57.24.35.48.59.73 Atul nlysis (%) DM 89.39 87.13 87.4 87.46 87.86 88.23 87.91 88.5 88.44 88.55 88.66 OM 96.2 93.28 93.79 93.44 93.36 93.79 95.11 95.1 94.66 94.56 94.17 CP 7.52 25.47 24.68 26.35 25.78 24.78 24.7 24. 24.44 23.96 24.81 IVOMD 26.8 9.78 9.53 9.12 88.78 88.62 91.22 89.35 89.57 89.77 88.75 NDF 71.37 12.35 13.24 14.5 14.85 15.61 1.1 1.4 11.73 12.62 13.22,, LS mens within row with different supersripts re different P<.5. 25 FLORIDA BEEF REPORT 77
Intke (l) Totl ADG y Level of Added UIP 2.5 2. ADG (l) 1.5 1..5. Level of Added UIP (l) Figure 1. Totl ADG of lves supplemented with orn or CP with inresing levels of UIP. UIP effet P<.1. Contrsts y level: Liner P<.1. Qudrti P=.78.,, Mens with different supersripts differ P<.5. SE=+.16. Totl Hy DMI y Level of Added UIP 1 8 6 4 2 Level of Added UIP (l) Figure 2. Totl hy DM intke of lves supplemented with orn or CP with inresing levels of UIP y level of dded UIP. CHO x UIP intertion P=.35, UIP effet P<.1. Liner P<.1. Qudrti P=.9.,, Mens with different supersripts differ P<.5. SE=+47. 78 25 FLORIDA BEEF REPORT
Intke (l) Intke (l) Totl Hy CP Intke y Level of Added UIP 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Level of Added UIP (l) Figure 3. Totl hy CP intke of lves supplemented with orn or CP with inresing levels of UIP y level of dded UIP. CHO x UIP intertion P=.35, pooled CHO effet P<.1, UIP effet P<.1. Liner P<.1. Qudrti P=.9.,, Mens with different supersripts differ P<.5. SE=+3.7. Totl Hy DOM y Level of Added UIP 25 2 15 1 5 Level of Added UIP (l) Figure 4. Totl hy DOM intke of lves supplemented with orn or CP with inresing levels of UIP y level of dded UIP. CHO x UIP intertion P=.35, pooled CHO effet P<.1, UIP effet P<.1. Liner P<.1. Qudrti P=.9.,, Mens with different supersripts differ P<.5. SE=+12.7. 25 FLORIDA BEEF REPORT 79
Intke (l) Totl DOM Intke y Level of Added UIP 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Hy DOM Intke CITR nd CORN DOM Intke CORN 1 CITR 1 CORN 2 CITR 2 CORN 3 CITR 3 CORN 4 CITR 4 CORN 5 CITR 5 Tretment Figure 5. Totl DOM intke of lves supplemented with orn or CP with inresing levels of UIP y tretment. CHO x UIP intertion P=.44, pooled CHO effet P<.1, UIP effet P<.1. Contrsts CHO soure: Liner P<.1. Qudrti P=.5., Mens with different supersripts differ P<.5. SE=+15. 8 25 FLORIDA BEEF REPORT