Andreas Pospischil 1
v v v Introduction Swiss canine cancer registry Comparing data from dogs & humans in 2
Companion animal epidemiological study lacks companion animal data since current and prior veterinary registries are few in number and scattered [Broenden et al. 2007] 3
Why pet models for human cancer? Pets, i.e. dogs & cats closely share human environment Genetic/phenotypic analogy of many human and canine / feline tumour types First world countries: veterinary medical care of dogs and cats largely comparable to human medical care (diagnostic procedures, surgery,, drug 4
Some published animal cancer Institution Start Duration Entries registries Kansas University Neoplasm Registry Records California Animal Neoplasm Registry Tulsa Registry of Canine and Feline Neoplasms Purdue Comparative Oncology Program Cancer Registry and Surveillance System Compan. Animals 1961 11 yrs 1963 3 yrs 1972 5 yrs 1979 - Species Dogs, 4.124 horses Dogs, 30 cats Dogs, cats 20 1980 ongoing 170 Norwegian cancer project 1990 ongoing 14.401 VetCancer Registry 1994 ongoing - Danish Veterinary Cancer Registry 2005 ongoing 1 Animal Tumour Registry Genova 1985 Animal Tumour Registry north. Italy 2005 7 years 3 yrs, tel. survey 6.743 2.509 (dog); 494 (cat) 5 Dogs Dogs, cats Dogs, cats Dogs, cats Dogs Dogs, cats
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Cancer data sources for canine and feline patients in Switzerland Canine population & breed distribution in 7
Canine / feline cancer patient data sources Source Time period IVPZ 1955-1964 IVPZ IVPZ IVPZ IVPZ private lab. ITP Berne 1964-1988 1989-2008 1989-2008 1992-2008 2007-2009 1995-1999 Examination type p. m. (hand written) p. m. / biopsy Dog Cat X (punch cards) X X p. m. biopsy cytology X X X X X X X X X X biopsy biopsy 8
KEYDEX punch card 3`000 cards converted into a digital database 40 x 40 cm 9
Data Swiss canine & feline cancer registry: patients Species (time period) Dogs (1955 2008) Cats (1965 2008) Patients total (n) Cancer patients (n / %) 121.96 63.214 51% 4 17.856 51.322 39% 10
WHO: International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, 3rd Edition Used principally in human cancer (ICD-O-3), 2000 registries for coding the site (topography) and the histology (morphology) of neoplasms, usually obtained from a pathology report. 11
Data on canine population and breeds in Switzerland (1953-2008) Continuous increase of canine population from n = 308.979 (1955) to n = 506.616 (2008) 12
Number of dogs per 100 inhabitants in Switzerland 13
Summary / introduction Case numbers for dogs sufficient for an incidence study Case numbers for dogs and the availability of population data (CH: since 2006) sufficient for an in depth epidemiologic study 14
v v v Introduction Swiss canine cancer registry Comparing data from dogs humans in 15
Swiss Canine Cancer Registry: DVM thesis: Katrin Grüntzig Geographic distribution in Switzerland: PhD thesis in geography: Gianluca Boo 16
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From: Withrow and MacEwen's: Small Animal Clinical Oncology, 2012 18
Age dependant tumor incidence (OR) of dogs compared to patients under one year of age (OR 1) 19
Cancer in canine breeds (OR) 20
Mammary gland Mammary gland Skin Soft tissue GI tract Oral cavity, pharynx Endocrine glands Male sex organs Bone, joints Mammary gland Spleen, bone marrow Resp. organs, heart 21
Probability (OR) for purebreds to develop a tumor compared to crossbreeds and risk to develop a malignant tumor vs. no tumor pure breeds compared to crossbreeds Tumor Malignant tumor Number of obs 90,085 Clinically moderately relevant 22
Breed risk to develop a malignant tumor (Odds ratio, OR) Clinically moderately relevant 23
Risk (OR) to develop a mammary gland tumour pure-breed vs. mixed breed dogs (OR1). Clinically strongly relevant 24
Risk (OR) to develop a skin tumor pure-breed vs. mixed breed dogs (OR1) Clinically weakly relevant Clinically strongly relevant 25
v v v Introduction Swiss canine cancer registry Comparing data from dogs & humans in 26
Comparing cancer data from dogs & humans 27
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Comparing canine to human tumor locations; significantly more canine tumors in: Oral cavity & pharynx Anus & analcanal bone, cartilage, joints Connective tissue Mamma Testis 29
Comparing canine to human tumor locations; significantly less canine tumors in: Stomach Intestine Liver, gallbladder Pancreas Lung Melanoma Ovary Prostata Kidney 30
v v v Introduction Swiss canine cancer registry Comparing data from dogs & humans in 31
Swiss Canine Cancer Registry: DVM thesis: Katrin Grüntzig Geographic distribution in Switzerland: PhD thesis in geography: Gianluca Boo 32
Canine cancer patients per Swiss Kanton 33
Canine patients / Swiss Kanton 34
Canine tumor incidence in Switzerland 35
Canine cancer incidences in Switzerland Cancer incidences (Quantiles) 6-7 3-5 2 1 0 No data Identify structural zeros and filter them out from models of canine cancer incidence. Assess changes in the statistical associations associated with the filtering step. Boo G, Leyk S, Fabrikant SI, Graf R and Pospischil A. 2016. Assessing effects of structural zeros on models of canine cancer incidence: a case study of the Swiss Canine Cancer Registry. [Submitted to Geospatial Health]. 36
Human cancer incidence in Switzerland Male 2006-2010 Female 2006-2010 Age Standardized Rates per 100.000 Person Years Quelle: NICER 37
Studies using companion animals to investigate environmental causes of cancer (Bukowski and Wartenberg 1997) Study Buck 1979 Ragland 1967 Reif and Cohen 1970 Reif and Cohen 1971 Hayes et al. 1981 Harbison and Godleski 1983 Glickman et al. 1983 Glickman et al. 1989 Hayes et al. 1990 Reif et al. 1992 Reif et al. 1995 Type Prevalence comparison Prevalence comparison Crude Case-control Mortality correlation Crude case-control Case-control Disease Tonsilar carcinoma Case-control Prevalence comparaison Case-control Case-control Case-control Bladder cancer Seminoma Pulmonary changes Tonsillary carcinoma Bladder cancer Mesothelioma Mesothelioma Lymphoma Lung cancer Lymphoma 38
Acknowledgement Katrin Grüntzig, Ramona Graf, Michael Hässig, Franco 39