Review #1 08 Review using OPAL figures Review using class web PDF Preview of test #1 Cell to Cell Communication 1
Communication Strategies endocrine neurocrine paracrine autocrine Endocrine System Overview 2
Pituitary Gland Hypothalamus 3
Releasing Hormones Peptide Hormones (POMC) 4
Steroid Hormones cyclopentane - perhydrophenantrene group cholesterol Steroid Pathways 5
(from wikipedia) Mito SER Nuclear Receptors Structure 6
Control of Transcription Receptors (G linked and TK) 7
G Protein Coupled Receptor G - Protein 8
GPCR and Channel GPCR and Enzyme 9
DAG and PLC Arachedonic Acid 10
Receptor containing Kinase Parathyroids 11
Thyroid s Clear (C) Cells stimulates Thyroid Gland 12
Thyroid Hormone Synthesis 1 2 3 4 Thyroid Hormone Synthesis 13
Thyroid Hormone Effects Muscle, increase glucose uptake CNS, development and maturation (promotes neuronal branching and myelinization of nerves) CV, increases CO an the number of red blood cells Liver, promotes IGF production and glycogen formation Bone, promotes bone growth Endocrine Overview 14
Review #1 08 Review using OPAL figures Review using class web PDF Preview of test #1 Basic Concepts & Methods Some general concepts for the course a) definition of hormone and of endocrine, neurocrine, paracrine transmission b) methodologies used in endocrinology (RIAs, RRA, ICC, hybridization, ) c) how liposoluble and watersoluble hormones are made in general (SER vs RER) d) hormone story line as a trick to think of steps involved in hormone function 15
The Story Line Table Things to look up in the table a) hormones that are water soluble and those that are lipo soluble b) hormones involved in hierarchies (gonadal, adrenal, thyroid, ) c) hormones involved in metabolism (glucose, calcium, sodium, water, ) d) inputs to endocrine glands and hormone effects on different organs The Negative Feedback Reflex-arc like-models and the - Fb for different hormones a) inputs, integrators, -Fb in the control of different hormones (the refrigerator) b) role of the hypothalamus in neuroendocrine control of the endocrine system c) theoretical components of a control system, homeostasis and rheostasis d) endocrine and neuroendocrine control and their disruption in pathology 16
Lipo-soluble Hormones Some basic points on mechanism of action of lipo-soluble hormones a) intracellular receptors mainly but also membrane receptors (experiments) b) effect on protein synthesis mainly, but some also have membrane receptors c) cys and trans elements involved in regulation at the promoter level.. integrator d) permissive effects of some liposoluble hormones (e.g. T3-4, Cortisol, E2, ) Water-soluble Hormones Some basic points on mechanism of action of water soluble hormones a) plasma membrane receptors but they also have access to the genome b) an ultimate effect on channels and enzymes underlies endocrine action c) GPCR and Tyr-kinase links, different paths to protein phosphorylation d) Permissive effects of some watersoluble hormones (e.g. Prl on LH receptors) 17
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Unit Some basic points on the hypothalamic pituitary connection a) hypothalamic anterior pituitary portal system (neurohormones, amplification) b) hypothalamic posterior pituitary system (a good example of neuronal events) c) the pituitary receives 2/3 of the outputs from PVN (a main brain integrator) d) the median eminence as a final brain integrator site for endocrine function Anterior Pituitary Hormones Some basic points on anterior pituitary (AP) hormones a) most AP hormones are tropic / trophic hormones that act on other endocrine glands b) all AP hormones are controlled by hypothalamic hypophysiotropic neurohormones c) the hypothalamic AP unit acts as an integrator and amplification control unit d) the hypothalamic AP link is a vascular one since both tissues have different origin 18
Posterior Pituitary Hormones Some basic points on posterior pituitary (PP) hormones a) PP hormones are neurohormones made in the hypothalamus and released in the PP b) the hypothalamus and PP have the same embryological origin (as opposed to AP) c) PP hormones are involved in water metabolism and myoepithelial contraction d) AVP is also released in ME and acts in AP as a CRH, albeit by different mechanism AVP, OT and Melatonin AVP, OT, and melatonin a) AP hormones (ACTH, GH, PRL, TSH, LH, FSH, MSH, ßEND) see below (*) b) PP hormones (AVP, OT) see below (*) c) Pineal hormone (Melatonin) see below (*) (*) Expand story line for each of these hormones following an order such as: origin, stimuli, biosynthesis, release, target, action mechanism, effect, integration, others 19
Ca - Regulating Hormones Ca regulating hormones, PTH, vitd, calcitonin a) PTH b) vitd c) Calcitonin (*) Expand story line for each of these hormones following an order such as: origin, stimuli, biosynthesis, release, target, action mechanism, effect, integration, others Thyroid - Related Hormones Thyroid regulating hormones, T3-T4, TSH, TRH a) T3-T4 b) TSH c) TRH (*) Expand story line for each of these hormones following an order such as: origin, stimuli, biosynthesis, release, target, action mechanism, effect, integration, others 20
Review #1 08 Review using OPAL figures Review using class web PDF Preview of test #1 For the test next Monday 1 Be outside the lecture room (SEC117) by 8 AM 2 as I call you, walk down the left aisle of the room 3 leave your carry on in front of the lecture hall 4 pick-up your test & scantron from the instructor 5 please, sit exactly where the instructor tells you 6 fill name, seat, and web-id# in test AND scantron 7 a web-id # is any 5 digit personal number 21
Test #1 Endocrinology, test#1, JP Advis Name Student ID Web ID Seat Note: all the above info also goes in the scantron, with the webid and the seat in the upper right corner. FOR ALL QUESTIONS SELECT THE BEST ANSWER FROM THE OPTIONS GIVEN SCANTRON SHEET Write name and bubble it scantron s upper right corner Write webid and seat # Write RU-ID# and bubble it Write web-id# and bubble it Bubble your answers 22
Endocrine Physiology story line I suggest you put this information into a table YOU design 23