DOSIMETRY FILMS
GAFCHROMIC Dosimetry Films The Self-developing Dosimetry Films that Allow You to Go Filmless Do away with the cost and headache of calibrating and maintaining a processor Do away with hazardous and caustic chemicals Environmentally friendly with no waste to dispose of Use your dark room space for something more productive For the Characterization, Calibration, Quality Control and Wide-Area Dose Measurement of Therapeutic, Radiological and Industrial Radiation Sources Beam Sources Measure field uniformity Determine field shape Make depth-dose characterizations Map fields in 2- and 3-dimensions Validate IMRT and stereotactic treatment plans Isotope Sources Characterize depth-dose fields of HDR brachytherapy sources Map the activity of LDR brachytherapy seeds Verify the operation of intravascular sources Design and validate treatments with eye plaques Map and measure plaques for implantation Map fields inside irradiators Map and measure hot particles Features Self developing no processing, no chemicals Not light sensitive no darkroom required Unaffected by aqueous fluids can be immersed in water phantoms Energy independent in therapy range Tissue equivalent (except XR Type T) No dose rate or dose fractionation effects Films can be cut to any size and shape Wide dynamic range Almost linear dose-density response Tough, robust, abrasion resistant Quantitative Dosimetry The responses of GAFCHROMIC dosimetry films are dependent upon factors specific to the hospital or laboratory including the energy spectrum of the radiation source, the characteristics of the densitometer, film scanner or other means of measurement, etc. Therefore, the user should determine the dose-density response under the conditions pertaining to their facility. Since the absolute responses of GAFCHROMIC dosimetry films vary from lot-to-lot, the user should re-measure response when changing the lot number.
Select from four media types and several formats Custom sizes and shapes available upon request GAFCHROMIC HD-810 and D-200 Single-sided active layer on polyester HD-810 is an 8 x10 sheet film D-200 dosimeters are pre-formatted to fit standard spectrophotometer holders Dose range 10-400Gy Very high spatial resolution to 1 micron, or less GAFCHROMIC MD-55 and MD-22 Double active layers laminated between polyester film substrates MD-55 is a sheet film in 5 x5, 10cm x 10cm, 18cm x 18cm and 7cm x 43cm formats MD-22 is a x octagonal film designed for 3-D mapping in anatomical phantoms A,B Dose range 2-Gy Sensitometric Response of GAFCHROMIC HD-810 and D-200 (HD-810 Lot# H1032H810 measured with Radiochromic Densitometer) 0 1 200 2 300 Sensitometric Response of GAFCHROMIC MD-55 and MD-22 (MD-55 Lot# J1426MD55 measured with Radiochromic Densitometer) 3.0 0 10 20 30 40 60 70 80 A. e.g. Radiosurgery Head Phantom and IMRT Verification System manufactured by CIRS Inc. information available at: www.cirsinc.com/products/docs/imrt.html and www.cirsinc.com/products/pdf/model605.pdf B. Standard Imaging IMRT Dose Verification Phantom available at: www.standardimaging.com/products/technotes/ 1194-00%20IMRT%20Brochure%20.pdf GAFCHROMIC HS and HS-14 Single active layer laminated between polyester film substrates HS is a sheet film in 5 x5, 10cm x 10cm, 18cm x 18cm and 7cm x 43cm formats HS-14 are pre-formatted x 3.875 strips for use with the Galileo intravascular brachytherapy treatment system C Dose range -40Gy 3.5 3.0 Sensitivity of GAFCHROMIC HS and HS-14 (Batch#30263 measured with Radiochromic Densitometer) 6MeVx - rays 18MeVx - rays 6MeVelectrons 18MeVelectrons 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 C. Galileo is a trademark of Guidant Corporation. Information available at www.guidant.com GAFCHROMIC XR Type T Single active layer laminated between polyester film substrates Designed primarily for photons with energies <200keV XR Type T is a 5 x5 sheet film Dose range 0.1-15Gy 3.0 Sensitometric Response of GAFCHROMIC XR Type T (Batch #31141-1 Measured with Radiochromic Densitometer) 120kVp, 2mmAl 80kVp, 2mmAl 60kVp, 2mmAl 40kVp, 1mmAl 20kVp, 0.15mmAl 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Film Type Configuration Substrate(s) Active layer thickness 1 Response Range Radiation Sources Media Size HD-810 Active layer on substrate 6.5µm 10Gy-400Gy Electrons: >5keV Photons: >1keV UV: 1-300nm 8 x 10 D-200 Active layer on substrate 6.5µm 10Gy-400Gy Electrons: >5keV Photons: >1keV UV: 1-300nm 1.2cm x 6cm formatted for 1cm spectrophotometer cuvette MD-55 MD-22 Multilayer laminate: substrate-active layerlaminating tape-active layer-substrate Multilayer laminate: substrate-active layerlaminating tape-active layer-substrate 2.6mil 2.6mil 2 x 16µm 2 x 16µm 2Gy-Gy 2Gy-Gy 5 x 5, 10cm x 10cm, 18cm x 18cm and 7cm x 43cm x octagonal HS Three-layer laminate: substrate-active layersubstrate 40µm Gy-40Gy 5 x 5, 10cm x 10cm, 18cm x 18cm and 7cm x 43cm HS-14 Three-layer laminate: substrate-active layersubstrate 40µm Gy-40Gy x 3.875 XR Type T Three-layer laminate: substrate-active layersubstrate Yellow polyester 18µm 0.1Gy-15Gy Photons: 10-200keV 5 x 5 1. Nominal thickness. Actual thickness varies slightly from lot-to-lot. Solid Water Eye Phantom and GAFCHROMIC MD-55 film, Image courtesy of Samuel Trichter, NYU Cornell Medical Center, New York
Dose Distribution in Blood Irradiator Measured with GAFCHROMIC Dosimetry Film: Field Flatness Expressed % of Central Dose 0 4 400 3 300 2 200 1 0 0 1 200 2 300 3 400 4 0 130 125 120 115 110 105 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 45 0 4 400 3 300 2 200 1 0 0 1 200 2 300 3 400 4 0 GAFCHROMIC Dosimetry Film Technology GAFCHROMIC Dosimetry Films have been designed for use with gamma, x-rays, electrons, protons, ion beams, α-particles and neutrons and can be used to measure and map sources of all types covering a wide range of energies down to 5keV, or lower. The active component in GAFCHROMIC Dosimetry Films is comprised of sub-micron sized crystals of a radiation-sensitive monomer. When the film is exposed to ionizing radiation, a polymerization reaction is initiated, resulting in the production of a blue-colored dye-polymer. The amount of polymer produced and the depth of the color change is proportional to the dose absorbed in the active layer. GAFCHROMIC Dosimetry Films have inherently high spatial resolution, beyond the capability of conventional silver films. Since the polymerization process does not spread from crystal-to-crystal and there is no post-exposure development process to change the size or shape of the particles, the films are capable of resolution down to the micron range. The spatial resolution is limited principally by the characteristics of the exposure source. The color change in GAFCHROMIC Dosimetry Films may be measured with any densitometer, scanner or spectrophotometer. However, the best response is obtained with instruments that measure at red-light wavelengths in the range of the peak absorbance of the blue dye, i.e. close to 670nm. Examples of such hardware include the Photoelectron Corporation CCD Microdensitometer, the Radlink LaserPro 16TM (www.eradlink.com/pdfs/laserpro16.pdf), the Tobias TXP Transmission Densitometer, the Nuclear Associates Radiochromic Densitometer Model 37-443, or any flatbed color scanner. Spectral Absorbance of Radiochromic Dye in GAFCHROMIC Dosimetry Films 400 4 0 5 600 6 700 7 Wavelength, nm